Mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo, magoliamu adakula ndikukula ku Arctic yamakono. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, nyengo yasintha kwambiri. Pakati penipeni mitundu yotsala kwambiri yozizira yomwe imapulumuka.
Chilichonse pang'onopang'ono cha magnolia chimafotokoza za mawonekedwe ake a thermophilic. Masamba akulu ndi maluwa okongola amitundu yambiri poyamba amawoneka m'mitima ya wamaluwa. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kuyesa kukula kwa chomera ichi kwachitika kalekale ku New Worlds. Ku Russia, mitengo imamvanso m'gawo lotentha. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, ma magnolias otumphuka adakhala chizindikiro chamoyo cha Black Sea Riviera.
Mu 70s, gwiritsani ntchito ntchito kuti muwonjezere zachilengedwe komanso kusankha maginito osagwira chisanu omwe amapezeka ku Kiev. Mundawu womwe udayikidwa pano udathandizira kuyesa mitundu yobadwira ku Far East, China ndi USA. Kenako tengani mbewu zolimba zaku Moscow, Vladivostok, Urals, St. Petersburg. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya okonda masiku ano, mutha kusangalala ndi chikhalidwe chapansi m'minda yayikulu kwambiri ya botanical komanso m'magulu ogwirira ntchito mwamaluwa.
Kodi ndi mitundu yanji, hybrids ndi mitundu yomwe ingathe kupirira nyengo ya Russia, yomwe sizimavutika mkatikati mwa nthawi yozizira, ndipo kasupe adzakutidwa ndi maluwa okongola?
Magnolia Siebold (M. sieboldii)
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yoposa mazana awiri ya ma magnolias. Koma mitundu yokha yolimba kwambiri yomwe imasinthidwa ndi moyo waku Russia. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi Siebold magnolia yojambulidwa pachithunzichi. Mitundu yake yachilengedwe imakhudza gawo la Korea Peninsula, China ndi Islands Islands.
Mtengo kapena chitsamba chachikulu mpaka kutalika mamita 6-8 chitha kutchedwa mtundu umodzi wocheperako mu mtundu wa magnolias. Gome ndi nthambi za mbewu zimakutidwa ndi makungwa aimaso. Masamba ofanana ndi Ellipse amakula mpaka 15cm masentimita ndipo amalozedwa pang'ono pamwamba. Mbali yakutsogolo ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, womwe umayamba kukula kuchokera kumitsempha. Kumbuyo kwa masamba masamba kumakhala pang'ono pubescent.
Maluwa akuluakulu a magnolia mpaka masentimita 10 amapereka chidwi chapadera ku Magnolia sieboldii, yemwe adatchedwa asayansi yachilengedwe omwe adawafotokozera pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Amawonekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa June. Choyamba, masamba ali ngati mawonekedwe ambale, ndiye, atatsegulidwa, ma corolla a 6-9 pamakhala pafupi phwete. Pakatikati pake limakongoletsedwa ndi chisoti cha carmine stamens.
Malingaliro omwe amayamikiridwa nthawi yomweyo ndi okonda zachilendo ku Europe sanakhale okongoletsa okha, komanso olimba kwambiri. Mitengo yokhwima yoleza kuzizira mpaka -39 ° ะก. Izi zimapangitsa Magnolia osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu kukhala osangalatsa pakukula mumsewu wapakati. Lero, mutha kuwona kutulutsa kwamtundu wamtunduwu ku Vladivostok, kumpoto kwa Russia ku Russia ndi madera ena adzikolo. Kukula kocheperako kumakulolani kuti mukule ma magnolia mumachubu.
Wolemba Magnolia (M. acuminata)
Mitundu yosangalatsa ya ma magnolia ndi anthu achilengedwe aku North America. M'madera akumapiri a m'chigawo chapakati cha USA, munthu amatha kuwona malo otchedwa magnolia okhala ndi korona wamtali, makungwa ofiira komanso masamba osalala mpaka 20 cm.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ya ku Asia yomwe idaphukira masamba, maluwa ambiri azomera zaku America amatulutsa maluwa kumbuyo kwa greenery. Chifukwa chake, maluwa ndi maluwa achikasu obiriwira ofanana ndi mabelu sawoneka okongola. Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa mabakiteriya kuti asasonyeze chidwi chachikulu mu mitundu yolimba, yowala bwino yokhala ndi ma magnolia ena.
Magnolia yokhala ndi zipatso zofiyira imapatsa mbadwa zake kuchokera pachilichonse chosadukiza nyengo yozizira. Ndipo mbande zake zimatithandizira kuti zikhale zokongoletsera zambiri, koma achibale ochepa. Chitsanzo cha kukonzanso kopitilira muyeso ndi maluwa ku Brooklyn, osawopa chisanu ndi kukongoletsa mundawo ndi maluwa ofiirira, mawonekedwe ndi kamvekedwe ka kukumbukira kwa mbewu ya mayi - liliaceae magnolia. Ku Russia, pali zambiri zopambana pakukula kwa M. acuminata f. cordata wokhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu.
Chifukwa chofananira ndi thumba losunga mazira ku magnolia ndi nkhaka ku United States, chomeracho nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa mtengo wa nkhaka. Komabe, dzina lovomerezeka la nkhaka magnolia limangotanthauza M. acuminata.
Magnolia wamkulu (M. macrophylla)
Pa gombe la Atlantic ku United States, ma magnolia okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu amakula. Zosatsutsika zamuyaya zimalungamitsa dzinali. Ma pole masamba a nthambi zamitengo ya 15-18 mita amatalika kutalika kwa 80-100 cm. Mbali yakumwambayi, yoyang'ana dzuwa, ndi yosalala komanso utoto wamtambo wobiriwira, kumbuyo kwake kwa pepalalo kumakutidwa ndi mulu wofewa, wowoneka bwino.
Ku North America, mtundu wamtunduwu wa ma magnolia ndi mtundu wa zolembera, popeza mulibe mtengo wokhala ndi masamba akulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Maluwa siochulukanso. Mphukira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kumtunda kwa korona, kutseguka, kusandulika kukhala ma corollas akuluakulu a 30 cm a oyera oyera oyera. Pakatikati pawo, munthu angathe kuzindikira mawonekedwe amtunduwu - mitundu itatu ya utoto-violet.
Maluva a Magnolia macrophylla amatha masiku 45, pomwe mtengowo umakulungidwa ndi fungo labwino, zonunkhira bwino.
Mitengo imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -27 ° C, koma kuteteza malo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kumwera kwa dzikolo limodzi ndi mitundu ya Asia ndi magnolia yochititsa chidwi yayikulu.
Magnolia Kobus (M. kobus)
Akatswiri ambiri pamtunduwu amazindikira kuti magnolia Kobus ndiye mtsogoleri wodziletsa komanso wosavomerezeka. Zaka 100 zapitazo, mbadwa zachikhalidwe zinafika kudera la United States, kenako ku Europe. Ngakhale ma magnolia a ku Japan sangafanane ndi masamba akuluakulu am'deralo, kupirira kudawathandiza kukula m'misewu yamizinda komanso nyengo yozizira.
Mitunduyi, yomwe idachokera kuzilumba za Japan ndi Korea, tsopano yalimidwa bwino kuyambira pagombe la Russia Black Sea kupita ku St. Petersburg, kuchokera ku Kaliningrad mpaka Samara. M'mundamo, magnolia iyi, ngakhale ndiyotsika kwambiri ndi toyesa zamtchire, imafikanso kutalika kwa 10 metres.
Thunthu ndi nthambi za mtengo wa kobushi, monga momwe mtengo umatchulidwira kumtunda, wokutidwa ndi makungwa aimvi kapena phulusa. Masamba ofikira kutalika kwa 12 cm ndiwobiriwira komanso osalala pamwamba, ndikuwonekeranso pansi, okhala ndi makaso otuwa.
Monga ma magnolias ambiri aku Asia, dziko lapansi limamasula mkatikati mwa masika, pomwe nthambi zake zilibe kanthu. Izi zimapereka mphindi yapadera komanso kukongola kwabwino. Zoyera, ngati kuti zimapangidwa ndi dothi labwino, maluwa amakhala ndi maulalo asanu ndi umodzi ndipo amafika mainchesi 10. Kucha zipatso zobiriwira zachikasu zokhala ndi mbewu zofananazo kumachitika mkati mwa kalendala ya nyundo.
Magnolia Sulange (M. soulangeana)
Chidwi ndi ma magnolias, omwe adagwera ku Europe pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, zidapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe atsopano azomera asapezeke m'chilengedwe. Awa anali ma hybrone ochokera pamtunda wowerengeka wamaimidwe omwe amapezeka m'mapaki, malo obiriwira komanso minda yazipinda zamankhwala. Chitsanzo cha ngozi yosangalatsanso kwambiri chinali ma magnolia a pinki a Sulange. Adalandira kuchokera kwa makolo awiri M. denudata x M. liliflora.
Masiku ano, malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri komanso ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma magnolia amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Russia, komanso ku Primorye. Poyerekeza ndi magnolia liliaceae ndi maliseche, mawonekedwe atsopanowo adakhala okongoletsa kwambiri komanso pulasitiki.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa a sange magnolia, amasiyana mawonekedwe ndi maluwa.
Mitengo kapena zitsamba zazitali pafupifupi 5 m mwakufuna komanso kwakukulu. Corollas yokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 15 masentimita otseguka panthambi zopanda kanthu zophimbidwa ndi makungwa osalala. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi mtundu wowala wa pinki, wofiyira kapena wofiirira kunja kwa mafelemu ndi pafupi kuyera mkati. Maluwa amadziwika ndi fungo labwino, nthawi zina silingathe kununkhira.
Magnolia Lebner (M. x loebneri)
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, chomera china chosakanizidwa chinagulidwa ku Germany, chomwe patapita nthawi chinapeza dzina la imodzi mwazizira kwambiri. Amatchulidwa pambuyo pa wopanga a magnolia Lebner, monga chithunzichi, amaphatikiza mawonekedwe a "makolo" ake. Analandira kuuma komanso kukula kwa nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku mtundu wa Kobus magnolia. Maluwa oyera kapena ofiira, ophatikizira pamiyala 25, siwodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa nyenyezi ya micros.
Chomera cha kutalika kwa mita 7 chitha kudzalidwa ngati mtengo wachikhalidwe kapena chitsamba chokulirapo. Nthambwe zimasanduka maluwa kufika mainchesi 15. Zimaphimba nthambi zokhazokha, ndikupanga chithunzi chokongola kwambiri.
Naked magnolia (M. denudata)
Malinga ndi mbiri yakale ya a monastery ya nthawi ya Tang, imodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira ya micros yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malowa inali magnolia yamaliseche yokhala ndi maluwa oyera onunkhira mpaka 15 cm.
Mitengo yakunja kapena zitsamba 8-10 zimafanana ndi mtundu wa sangemon. Izi sizosadabwitsa, popeza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochokera ku China mwachionekere ndi imodzi mwazambiri za hybrid yotchuka.
Chomera chapadera chimapanga maluwa, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pomwe masamba ake sanatambule, ndipo mphukira za brownish zimakhalabe zopanda kanthu. Choyamba, mitengo ya magnolia yopanda kanthu imakutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu a siliva fluffy. Kenako amasintha kukhala maluwa onunkhira oyera ngati chipale chofewa, kwazaka zambiri amawona mu Middle Kingdom chizindikiro cha ungwiro ndi chiyero chaumulungu.
Zomera zam'madzi ndizophatikiza ku Far East komanso ku Europe kuchokera ku North Caucasus kupita kudera la Black Earth.
Loosestrife Magnolia (M. salicifolia)
Ku Japan, magnolia ina imamera ndi maluwa oyera komanso kupirira kwakukulu. Ichi ndi vololia yolimba, osati yotsika mtengo kukongola kwa mitundu yakale, komanso kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira - cobus magnolia.
Dzinalo limabadwa chifukwa cha masamba opendekera a elliptic pafupifupi 15 cm. Amawonekera kale atamasulidwa, momwe mtengo umakutidwa ndi maluwa owoneka bwino ndi mainchesi 12 cm. Maluwa onse atatuwa ndi magnolia amatulutsa fungo lonunkhira bwino la anise, lotanthauza dzina lachiwiri la mitundu ya Anise Magnolia.
Ngakhale zili ndi zabwino zambiri, mbewu sizipezeka mwambiri. Cholinga chake ndikuvuta kwa kufalikira kwa mbewu.
Magnolia liliaceae (M. liliflora)
M'minda ya China ndi mayiko ena a m'derali, mutha kupeza maluwa a liliaceae magnolia, otchedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a corollas. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pa mitundu yosakanizira ndi kukongoletsa.
M'modzi mwaiwo ndi wotchuka kwambiri ku Europe ndi Russia. Ichi ndi maluwa a magnolia nigra (M. liliflora f. Nigra) okhala ndi maluwa ofiirira omwe awoneka pachithunzichi. Kunja, mtundu wa mafelemuwo ndi wakuda, mkati mwa corolla mumawoneka pinki.
Star magnolia (M. stellata)
Mafani azomera zamaluwa okondweretsedwa amasangalala ndi nyenyezi ya ku Japan. Magnolia odabwitsa, osapitirira 2-3 mamita kutalika, amakula mtundu wamtundu woyela kapena shrub. Fomu lomalizirali limakupatsani mwayi kuti muyerekeze kuchuluka kwa maluwa, kuyambira pomwe masamba adayamba kupitilira mpaka milungu itatu.
Akatswiri ena amati nyenyezi yam'mlengalenga ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wina wotchuka, kobus magnolia. Malingaliro awo amatsimikizira kufanana kwa mbewu. Komabe, kakang'ono kosazizira, mitundu yomwe ikula pang'onopang'ono imakhala ndi mantha. Izi sizilepheretsa wamaluwa kukula magnolia kum'mwera zigawo, komanso ngakhale ku Moscow.
Chithunzi cha magnolias pakupanga mawonekedwe
Mitengo yamaluwa okongola mosiyanasiyana ili ndi malo ambiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, ma magnolias amawoneka okongola ndikuwonekeranso kumbuyo kwa nyumba zamatauni komanso malo otseguka akumidzi, m'mapaki omwe mitengo ili pafupi ndi mbewu zina, komanso m'minda ya tapeworm.
