Fern ndi chomera chakale kwambiri chomwe sichisiya kudabwitsa chifukwa sichiri wamba komanso mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Pakati pa mbewu izi pali mitundu yokhala ndi ma vayas onse, komanso yachilendo kwambiri komanso choyambirira. Chifukwa chake microsorum imawonekera kuchokera ku ma fern ena chifukwa cha kukongola ndi chiyambi. Ma Leaf amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, ndiwachilengedwe komanso otupa. Mapepala achinyalala oterowo amadzisonkhanitsira munsi, pafupi kukomoka. Ndipo momwe mamba amagwirira panthaka ya masamba owala onyezimira amawonjezeranso chodabwitsa ku mtengowo. Mtengowu mpaka pano ukhoza kukumana nawo kangapo, koma kutchuka kwake kukuchulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mukongoletse zipinda zonse wamba ndi khitchini kapena bafa. Kusamalira fern iyi ndikosavuta, komanso ndichomera chomera chomwe chikukula mwachangu.
Kufotokozera microsorum
Nthawi yoyamba yomwe amawona ma microsorum, aliyense amasintha kachulukidwe ndi masamba ake, komanso mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino. Zomera izi sizopanda phindu komanso zosasamalira. Pakupita kwa zaka, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, kotero kuti tchire locheperako limakhala lophika komanso lopotana. Chowoneka bwino choterocho chimakwaniritsa bwino kalembedwe kalikonse ka nyumbayo, pomwe amatha kukongoletsa pafupifupi chipinda chilichonse ndipo, chofunikira, mawonekedwe ake nthawi zonse amasungabe momwe adachokera komanso umunthu wake. Zomera zoterezi zimatchedwa "ng'ona", ndipo zonse chifukwa cha masamba awo osawoneka bwino pamakhala timiyendo tambiri, tomwe timafanana kwambiri ndi khungu la zilombo zoterezi. Fern yotere imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi banja la Centipede (Polypodiaceae), ndipo kwawo ndi Oceania, Australia, komanso Southeast Asia.
Zomera zomanga ngati Microsorum (Microsorum) zimatha kutalika masentimita 25 mpaka 50, komanso zimakhala ndi ma rhizomes okwawa. Sizachilendo kuona kuti mizu ya mbewuyi imakwawa kuchokera panthaka pomwepo. Kutalika kwake, masamba a microsorums sapitirira masentimita 60, koma ali mu malo. Mu chomera chakuthengo, kutalika kwa wai kumatha kufika masentimita 100. Makatani owoneka bwino amapangidwa kuchokera ku timapepala ta sessile kapena petiolate. Ma polekere a masamba amatha kukhala osavuta, osanjikizana bwino, komanso ma cirrus, ophatikizidwa bwino komanso malo akulu (monga lamulo, zigawo zitha kukhala zitatu kapena zitatu).
Kunja ang'ono (ana) aiyi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mbewu yofanana ndi sorelo. Akamakula, masamba amasintha, pomwe amatuluka, opendekera komanso owoneka bwino. Pamwamba pa pepalalapa pamakhala zodetsa nkhawa komanso zamtunduwu, pomwe m'mphepete mwake mumakhala savy. Masamba oterowo amapindika, kupindika, kotero kuti fern imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo otumphukira. Zamoyo, zomwe ndi zofiirira zofiirira pakapepala, zimayikidwa m'mbali mwake mwa mzere kapena pamalo olakwika (mosagwirizana). Sporangia yopanda mafuta imayimira gawo lobala lomwe limapangidwa ndi spore. Amatha kukhala onse unicellular (pamitundu yambiri ya m'munsi ndi bowa), ndi multicellular (muzomera zazitali). Mawu oti sporangia m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "spóra" - "kufesa, mbewu" ndi "angéion" - "chotengera, cholandirira".
Kukula microsorum kunyumba
Microsorum ndi yoyenera kumera alimi ndi odziwa maluwa okhazikika. Mitundu yamtunduwu wa mbewu si yopanda pake komanso yolimba, ngakhale imafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati zolakwa zazikulu sizisamalidwa bwino, mbewuyo imachira mwachangu.
Kuwala
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa za chomera chotere, chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi zina, ndi Photophilousness. Chowonadi ndichakuti kuti zikule bwino komanso kuti kuunikira kuyenera kuyenera, koma osayiwala kuti ziyenera kumwazikana. Chifukwa chake, olima maluwa odziwa amapereka amalimbikitsa kuti azimusankhira pawindo lakum'mawa kapena lakumadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mobwezeretsa m'mbuyo kuti fernyo ikhalebe yowoneka bwino.
Pakadali pano, mu shopu yamaluwa mungagule microsorum, yomwe imakonda kumera pang'ono kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Kuti mukhale ndi chitsimikizo chakuwala chomwe mbewu ikufuna, funsani ogulitsa anu za izi.
Kutentha
Fern wotere amakonda kwambiri kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kochepa pang'ono kovomerezeka mchipindacho komwe kuli ndi madigiri 20. Sawopa kutentha, koma hypothermia imatha kupha. Kutentha kolimbikitsidwa ndi madigiri 21-28. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti simungalole kuziziritsa kwamphamvu kwa dothi mumphika. Kuti muzisunga pamlingo woyenera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mphika wamaluwa pamalo apadera. Izi zikuthandizira kuti tisaziziretse pansi m'nthaka kuchokera pawindo.
Microsorum ndi mbewu yotentha kwambiri ndipo chifukwa chake siyenera kusamutsidwira kumzimu watsopano m'chilimwe. Komanso, podutsa mpweya m'chipindacho, ndikofunikira kuteteza duwa kuti lisakonzekere.
Momwe mungamwere
Chomera ichi, monga ma fern ena, chimakonda kuthirira nthawi zonse. Koma nthawi yomweyo, chisamaliro chimayenera kutetezedwa kuti madzi asasokonekere m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthiriridwa mu nthawi yotentha pambuyo pouma. Kwa mbewu yotere, chilala chachifupi sichowopsa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachitika, chifukwa zimatenga masiku angapo mutayanika kumtunda kwa gawo lapansi.
M'pofunika kuthirira maluwa ngati maluwa ndi madzi ofewa. Chifukwa chake, kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula adzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Imakula nthawi zambiri pamiphika wamba yamaluwa pawindo, komanso m'maluwa achinyontho okhala ndi paludariums. Ngati ma microsorum amakula ngati chomera choyika, ndiye kuti ayenera kupukutidwa pafupipafupi (nthawi zosachepera 2-3) kuchokera ku sprayer. Komanso pofuna kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga, timiyala titha kuthiridwa mu thireyi lalikulu kapena sphagnum ikhoza kuyikidwa ndikuthira madzi pang'ono. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito zofinya.
Feteleza
Fern wotere amafunika kudyetsedwa kokha pakulima, komwe kumatenga kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti (kuphatikiza). Izi zimachitika kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Chifukwa cha izi, feteleza wachilengedwe wamphesa kapena omwe amapangidwira makamaka fern ndi oyenera.
Muli kuphatikizika ndi kusankha kwa zosakaniza za dothi
Microsorum imayilidwa, monga lamulo, mizu yake ikatha kulowa m'mphika. Monga lamulo, njirayi imachitika kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Izi zimachitika bwino mu February-Marichi, pomwe fern iyamba kukula kwambiri.
Chomera choterechi sichimafunikira mphika wamaluwa wodziwika bwino, koma chochepa kwambiri komanso chachikulu. Chifukwa chake, pakuyika, maluwa ndi miyendo, wobzala wopachika, komanso mawonekedwe okongoletsera ndi angwiro.
Podzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha dothi logula la ferns. Mutha kukonzanso nthaka kukhala yosakanikirana nokha, koma kumbukirani kuti iyenera kumasuka ndikuwuluka bwino. Mulingo woyenera wa gawo lapansi: nthaka yamchenga, mchenga ndi peat, amatengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 1 kapena 2: 1: 1. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuthira makala, makala kapena makungwa a paini m'migawo yomalizira. M'dothi, pH iyenera kukhala 5.5-7.0.
Asanayike mbewuyo mumphika, dothi labwino lokwanira limapangidwa pansi, lomwe liyenera kukhala lalikulu masentimita 2-3. Kuika kuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza fern imachita molakwika pakuwonongeka pang'ono kwa mizu yake. Alimi a maluwa odziwa amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa njira yodutsa. Chomera chija chikaikidwa, chimayenera kuyikidwa pamalo opanda pake ndi chinyezi cholimba kwambiri kwa masiku 3-7. Ngati angafune, mmerowo amatha kupanga wowonjezera kutentha kapena kapu kuchokera mufilimu.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Chomera monga microsorum sichitha matenda, koma chimatha kuwonongeka ndi chinyezi chochepa kwambiri. Ngati mbewu yokhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono yapezeka pafupi ndi ma microsorum, tizirombo timatha kufikiranso msanga. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti ngati simumanyowetsa masamba a siponji nthawi zonse, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti kangaude azikhala pamalowo. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyipazi, akatswiri amalangizidwa, onetsetsani kuti mukuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya, komanso yesani kuzichotsa pamakina. Ngati fern ali ndi kachilomboka kwambiri, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa atha kukonzekereratu. Komanso, kufalitsa matenda monga tizirombo wamba, makulidwe ndi michere sikupatula.
Monga lamulo, duwa limayamba kupweteka pokhapokha malamulo owasamalira amaphwanya. Chifukwa chake:
- Malangizo a tsamba limawuma - nthawi zambiri dongo laphwa, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kokhazikika komanso kokwanira.
- Makungu amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala wachikasu - kuyatsa kwambiri.
- Zomera zimasiya kukula - chifukwa choti matendawa dzuwa limagwera pomwepo.
- Kuyanika masamba - chipindacho chili ndi chinyezi chambiri.
- Masamba amataya mtundu wawo wokhazikika, amakhala wotuwa komanso wowopsa - kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika feteleza m'nthaka.
- Maluwa amakula pang'onopang'ono kapena samakula konse, masamba ake amataya mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino - Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa fern alibe kuwala pang'ono.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Nthawi zambiri, olima maluwa amafalitsa microsorum mwa kugawa nthiti. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njirayi pakagwiridwe kazinthu, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Delenki iyenera kusiyidwa mu mpweya watsopano kuti malo omwe adadulira aume. Zitatha izi, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi malo ngati makala osweka. Delenki iyenera kubzalidwa molingana ndi malamulo omwewo monga ma microsorums akuluakulu paka Thirani.
Nthawi zosowa kwambiri, olima maluwa amayesa kukulitsa mbewu yotereyi kuchokera ku spores. Komabe, izi ndi zovuta komanso zovuta kuchita. Chifukwa chake, kuti mphukira ziwoneke, zidzakhala zofunikira kuyatsa kutentha kwa thankiyo. Komanso, izi, kuyanika kwa mbewu (spores) ndi kumera kwake pa peat nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe chidebe chimayikidwa m'malo amdima ndi chinyezi chokwanira mokwanira.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 50 ya mbewu, koma nthawi yomweyo, monga lamulo, atatu okha ndi omwe amakhala akuluakulu kunyumba.
Microsorum punctata (Microsorum punctatum)
Tizilomboti ting'onoting'ono ta mbewuyi ndi zokwawa. Masamba okhazikika okhazikika kwambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe opanikizana. Masamba opangika amafika masentimita 30 okha ndipo akufanana ndi sorelo.
Banana tsamba microsorum (Microsorum musifolium)
Mtunduwu siwotchuka kwambiri. Popita nthawi, chomera chotere chimayamba kupanga mphukira zomwe zimafikira mita imodzi. Masamba ake achikopa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Pamaso pawo pali mitsempha ya mauna, ndipo masamba amtunduwu amakhala ngati khungu lamamba. Komanso masamba amafanana kwambiri ndi masamba a nthochi.
Microsorum multifolia (Microsorum diversifolium)
Masamba a utoto wokhazikika amagawidwa m'magulu atatu mpaka 5, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owola. Ngati mutawakhudza, mutha kumva fungo labwino kwambiri.
Pterygoid Microsorum (Microsorum pteropus)
Komanso, mtundu wina wotchedwa pterygoid microsorum (Microsorum pteropus) ukuyamba kutchuka pakati pa asitikali am'madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa ma aquariums, kapena m'malo awo kumbuyo kapena pakati.
Microsorum scolopendria (Microsorum scolopendria)
Osati kale kwambiri, mtundu wa Microscore Scolopendra (Microsorum scolopendria) anali wotchuka kwambiri. Komabe, mpaka pano, mbewuyi ndi ya banja Phymatode scolopendria. Ndizo zonse, chifukwa mawonekedwe a mbewu ndi kukula kwa mbewu iyi ali ngati nephrolepsis, osati ma microsorums.
