Ammonium nitrate amatchedwanso ammonium nitrate. Mwachilengedwe, ndi mchere wa nitric acid, m'modzi mwa anthu am'banja la feteleza. Kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate pa nthawi komanso mulingo woyenera, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti maluwa m'dera lanu adzaphuka kutalika ndikuchulukirapo, ndipo zipatso za zitsamba ndi mitengo yazipatso zidzakhala dongosolo la kukula kwakukulu. Amati kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate ngakhale kumatenga nthawi yayitali yosungirako maapulo amitundu yambiri, ndipo maluwa obzala pamtunda wolemera mu ammonium nitrate amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mbale.
Masamba obowa amaphatikiza ndi ammonium nitrate kuyambira nyengo yachiwiri.
Kupanga ndikupanga ammonium nitrate
Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ammonium nitrate ndi mtsogoleri wowonekera pakati pa feteleza onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula masamba, kukula kwa zipatso, ndi ulimi wonse. Mwina kutchuka kwa feteleza ndi chifukwa chakutha "kugwira ntchito" nawo ngakhale dziko lapansi silinasungidwe kwathunthu.
Ammonium nitrate ndi gawo limodzi, lomwe, likakhala pamwamba panthaka, nthawi yomweyo limayamba kuwola, limatulutsa nayitrogeni mokulira.
Pangani izi m'njira ziwiri. Munjira yoyamba, ammonium nitrate imatheka ndikutulutsa nitric acid yokhala ndi ammonia. Mu mawonekedwe achiwiri, ammonia amapangidwa kuchokera ku nayitrogeni ndi hydrogen, gawo lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi nitric acid ndipo limakumana ndi ammonia, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga ammonium nitrate.
Ngati timalankhula za mawonekedwe a ammonium nitrate, ndiye kuti awa ndi ma granules, ochepa kukula, olimba, pafupifupi mamilimita atatu, koma nthawi zina pang'ono. Mitundu ya granles imeneyi imatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mkaka yoyera mpaka imvi.
Nthawi zambiri fetelezayu amapangidwa powonjezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuwonjezera, mchere wa superphosphate kapena potaziyamu.
Kuphatikizika kwina kwa ammonium nitrate kuli pafupifupi 35% nayitrogeni, ngakhale atha kukhala ochepa. Ngati tilingalira feteleza wa ammonium ngati feteleza wa nayitrogeni, titha kusiyanitsa mitundu kapena mitundu ya feteleza yomwe, kuwonjezera pa nayitrogeni, ilinso ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri pazomera:
- feteleza wosavuta, yemwe ali ndi nayitrogeni ndipo amasintha urea mwangwiro;
- feteleza mtundu "B", nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba ndi masamba;
- potaziyamu nitrate (potaziyamu nitrate) - potaziyamu amapezekanso mwa mtundu uwu wa feteleza; kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakulima kwamaluwa, komanso mapangidwe a ovary, nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kukoma kwa mbewu ndikukula kwa nthawi ya maluwa;
- calcium nitrate (calcium nitrate), ndiye potaziyamu yemwe amapezeka pano, chifukwa cha kuyambitsa nthaka, zokolola zimachulukitsa, moyo wa alumali wazinthu umachulukira;
- magnesium nitrate (magnesium nitrate) ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeniamu, ndiye gwero lina la magnesium yofunikira ndi nyemba;
- mandimu-ammonium nitrate, imakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya feteleza tamene tanena pamwambapa ndipo ili ndi potaziyamu, magnesium ndipo, kumene, calcium.
- sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate), kwakukulu, ndi feteleza wa zamchere, amene nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa beets ndi mbatata.
Ammonium nitrate - zikuchokera, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito.
Mawonekedwe a ntchito ammonium nitrate pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi
Ammonium nitrate sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pongopempha nyakulima kapena wolima dimba, koma kutengera mtundu wa dothi, mtundu wa mbewu, nyengo mu dera lanu, komanso mawonekedwe a agrochemical aukadaulo wina wolima.
Ponena zakuphatikiza konse kwa ammonium nitrate, titha kunena kuti feteleza uyu ndi woyenera kumtundu uliwonse, pamtunda wa podzolic, ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwa chaka ndi chaka.
Malangizo: m'malo olimba omwe ali ndi dongo, ammonium nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino nthawi yozizira, kukumba dothi, ngakhale mawonekedwe a kasupe amavomerezedwanso.
Ngati nyengo yamanyowa yambiri imawonedwa m'dera lanu, ndibwino kuwonjezera ammonium nitrate nthawi yamasika ndi yophukira, ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati chovala chapamwamba. M'madera okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito masika ndikokwanira.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ammonium nitrate?
M'mundamo, feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito, makamaka mmalo omwe malamulo otembenuza mbewu samatsatiridwa. Poterepa, kugwiritsa ntchito fetelezayu kuthandizira kudziwa zotsatirapo zakukwiyitsidwa kumeneku.
M'munda wa zipatso, fetelezayu amathandizira kukulitsa mbande, mitengo ya akulu, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa. Mukukula zipatso, ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ammonium nitrate, zokolola zimatha kuchuluka (mpaka 50%).
Ammonium nitrate imatha kuyambitsidwa mu nthaka yokumba dothi mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti, mwa mawonekedwe a granules. Kuphatikiza apo, fetelezayu amathanso kuthira mu mawonekedwe osungunuka, kugwiritsa ntchito mizu yonse ndi masamba apamwamba, ndiye kuti kuwaza feteleza osungunuka m'madzi mwachindunji.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate zosiyanasiyana mbewu
Mbatata
Nthawi zambiri, ammonium nitrate imawonjezeredwa kuzitsime kumapeto kwa supuni, kusakanizidwa bwino ndi dothi, pambuyo pake tuber imayikidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi lapansi.
Kabichi yoyera
Gwiritsani feteleza patatha sabata mutayika mbande pamalo okhazikika. Munthawi yowuma, sizikupanga nzeru kuwonjezera feteleza mu 15 g mumtsuko ndi kumathera pa mita imodzi ya dera. Sabata itatha izi kuvala bwino, mutha kumavala zovomerezeka zapamwamba - madzulo, kutsanulira masamba a mbande ndi 0,25% ammonium nitrate, ndikubwereza chithandizo chotere maulendo 5-7 nthawi yakula.
Uta
Choyamba, ammonium nitrate imabalalika panthaka yopanda kanthu, pafupifupi 9-11 g pa mita lalikulu. Pakatha mlungu umodzi, feteleza womwewo amathanso kumwazika pa mphukira yoyamba pomwaza nthaka.
Mphesa
Gawo loyamba la feteleza limagwiritsidwa ntchito masika mu theka la supuni pachitsamba chilichonse, nthawi yotentha - gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a supuni pachitsamba chilichonse. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa ndikuthiriridwa.
Sitiroberi wamtchire
M'nyengo yoyamba, safuna feteleza, chaka chachiwiri ndizotheka kuwonjezera 5-9 g ya ammonium nitrate pa mita lalikulu, ndikuyiyika mu t-pre-dug mu mzere-spacings mpaka akuya masentimita 8-9. M'nyengo yachitatu, ndibwino kuthirira mbewu ndi feteleza wosungunuka - 25 g wa feteleza m'ndowa, madzi okwanira 1 litre pa mita lalikulu, mukathirira, musatsanulire masamba, koma yesani kutsanulira pansi pa mizu, ndibwino kuzichita izi madzulo.
Mbande za masamba ambiri
Muyenera kuwonjezera enieni a 3-5 g a ammonium nitrate pachitsime chilichonse, chabwino, ngati mungaganize zothira kuchuluka kwa malita 0,5 amadzi pasadakhale. Pakatha sabata, mutha kubwereza feteleza wa zomera kale pazilowetsa mumtsuko wamadzi 35 g wa feteleza ndikuwonongeratu gawo lake la dothi lokhalamo mbande.
Zomera zam'munda
Mukabzala m'dzenje, muyenera kuthira 16-18 g ya ammonium nitrate, yosakanizika ndi dothi. Mtsogolomo, mpaka pakati pa Juni, mutha kugwira chovala china ndikumatha feteleza wa 25 g mumtsuko wamadzi ndikuthira kuchuluka pansi pa mtengo uliwonse wazaka zopitilira zisanu ndi 20 g aliyense wosakwanitsa zaka zisanu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya zipatso ya nayitrogeni, ikhoza kuthiliridwa ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate mu 25 g pa chidebe chamadzi, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti inyowetse mulu wonse wa chomera.
Zomera zamaluwa
Zomera zamaluwa monga gloxinia, petunia ndi zina zimayankha bwino ku ammonium nitrate. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga kaye dothi losakanikirana, komwe mudzabzala mbewuzo, kenako ndikuwonjezera supuni ya feteleza. Ngati mukufuna kuthirira maluwa ndi ammonium nitrate mtsogolomo, ndiye nandolo 10 ndizokwanira chidebe chamadzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndi pa mita imodzi ya dera lomwe akukhalamo pansi pa maluwa.
Chapakatikati, ammonium nitrate itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kudyetsa maluwa, chifukwa muyenera kuwathira ndi yankho la supuni ya feteleza mu ndowa, izi ndizokwanira ma tchire a 3-4.
Zovuta za ammonium nitrate
- Ammonium nitrate ndiyophulika, chifukwa chake, iyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi moto.
- Osapopera mbewu pamasamba obiriwira masana, izi zimayambitsa kuwotcha kwamasamba.
- Ngati mungasankhe kuphatikiza feteleza wa ammonium ndi potashi ndi phosphorous, ndiye manyowa dothi ndi osakaniza atangokonzekera.
- Musagwiritse ntchito feteleza uyu masamba omwe amatha kudziunjikira nitrate: zukini, nkhaka, dzungu, squash.
- Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuchitika, ndiye kuti mundawo uyenera kuthiriridwa madzi kwa sabata limodzi, kuphatikiza kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka.
- Masabata awiri asanakolole, kugwiritsa ntchito fetelezayu kuyenera kuyimitsidwa paliponse.
Ammonium nitrate ndiyophulika, chifukwa chake, iyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi moto.
Momwe mungasungire ammonium nitrate?
Choyamba, ammonium nitrate iyenera kutetezedwa ku moto, ndipo chachiwiri, kuchokera ku chinyezi. Ngati feteleza azisungidwa m'nyumba, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala zopanda magwero amoto, zotsekedwa mwamphamvu, popanda mwayi wonyowa. Kutentha koyenera kotentha ndi madigiri 25-30 kuposa ziro, kudumphadumpha nako sikofunikira, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kudula kwa mipendero ndikuyambitsa zovuta kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito.
Moyo wa alumali wabwinobwino wa ammonium nitrate ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma uli mchikwama chotsekedwa, atatsegula phukusi, moyo wa alumali umachepetsedwa kukhala mwezi umodzi wokha.
Pomaliza Monga mukuwonera, ammonium nitrate imatha kuonedwa ngati feteleza wosafunikira, imagwiritsidwa ntchito 80% ya milandu, ndipo ngati mutachita moyenera, mudzapeza zokoma ndi zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimasowa nitrate, komanso maluwa otuwa ndi maluwa akulu a maluwa ndi maluwa ena mdera lanu.
