Wotsutsa zovala zachifumu

"Solomo muulemerero wake wonse sanavale monga aliyense wa iwo."

Margarita Filippovna Kireeva amadziwika ndi aliyense wokonda ulemu wa maluwa. Mitundu yake idapeza mphotho ku Expo 90 yotchuka ku Japan, ndikulunga lamba wa Dutch wochita nawo chidwi. Kukonda kwambiri maluwa okongola m'moyo wake wonse. Mwa zina, amadziwa kupangira maluwa okongola ndipo amalemba mavesi abwino ...

Duwa lapita kutali kuchokera pansi mozama zaka zambiri lisanapeze malo oyenera m'minda yathu. Woyamba kudziwika anali kakombo oyera-oyera (oyera, oyera), otchedwanso kakombo wa Madonna. Adakongoletsedwa ndi akachisi, zifanizo ndi zojambulajambula za Namwali Mariya. Maluwa oyera oyera Mu buku la maumboni la Bayibulo lomwe linatulutsidwa mu 1891, pamanenedwa za kakombo: "Madambo a Palestine ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya maluwa onunkhira"Madera a Central Russia okongola kum'mwera ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti akupezeka mosavuta, koma kum'mwera kwambiri - North Caucasus ndi Krasnodar Territory amatha bwino.

Lily Asiatic Zophatikiza

© gailf548

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, mitundu yambiri ya maluwa yapezeka, maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi "machitidwe" awo, kuyambira pa maluwa okongola azungu aku East (l. Okongola, l. Golden), akumaliza ndi maluwa okongola koma osachepera pang'ono a Kum'mawa Kakutali, Siberia ndi Canada (l. brindle, l. drooping, l. Canada, etc.).

Kuyeserera kwakutali kwa obereketsa kwachititsa kuti pakhale mtundu waukulu wa maluwa, kukulira kutchuka kwawo padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano pali mitundu yopitilira 100 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 5,000 yophatikizidwa ndi International Lily Register. Gulu la mayiko onse lidapangidwa. International Center for Variety Registry ku London akhazikitsidwa.

Olimba kwambiri osavuta kuzizira komanso osavuta pachikhalidwe, azowona azungu aku Asia. Tubular sachepera nyengo yozizira-yolimba komanso yofunika kwambiri panthaka, koma imakopa chidwi ndi ungwiro ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi fungo labwino. Kwenikweni, magulu awiriwa a maluwa, koma ndi mwayi waku Asiatic, ndipo afalikira m'minda yathu. Inde, magulu ena amapeza malo mwa iwo, makamaka ma hybrids aku Eastern, America, Euro-Caucasian, amayesa ndi exoticism, koma amafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezereka ndi chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo nthawi zambiri - amapanga microclimate pansi pa kanema kapena galasi, komanso kukonzekera kwapadera kwa dothi .

Lily Snow-White Hybrid (Lily Candidum Hybrid)

Ma hybrids aku Asia amatenga nthawi yawo yozizira ku mitundu yoyambirira yomwe imakula mu nkhanza zaku Siberia ndi Far East - nyalugwe, Daurian, masamba, Sakhalin ndi ena. Pachimake pachimake pa kutuluka kwa maluwa kumapezeka theka loyambirira la Julayi, pomwe pali maluwa ochepa m'mundamo: "Tulips zatha, peonies ataya zovala zawo zokongola; chilimwe chafika, ndipo m'munda wobiriwira, maluwa akutentha kwambiri."

Sangafanane mukudula. Zokongola kwambiri motsutsana ndi maziko azitsamba ndi kapinga wobiriwira m'magulu kapena makatani. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mitundu yawo yomwe ili ndi maluwa achikasu, malalanje ndi ofiira pafupi ndi buluu komanso buluu la Delphinium, maluwa amtundu wa buluu komanso maluwa amtundu uliwonse.

Ku Russia, kwa nthawi yoyamba, ntchito ya kubereka ndi maluwa adayamba kumapeto kwa zaka zana lomaliza la I.V.Michurin, yemwe adapanga kakombo kakombo Fialkova. Mu All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture. I.V.Michurina, wolemba nkhaniyi komanso N.V. Ivanova, N.G. Korshikova, V.V. Martynova adapanga mitundu yopitilira 100 yopatsa chidwi. Izi ndi mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, maonekedwe a maluwa ndi inflorescence, kutalika, nthawi yamaluwa ndi zina, zomwe ndizoyenera kukula m'malo otseguka komanso otetezedwa ku Russia.

Lily Curly Hybrid, Lily Martagon Zophatikiza

Nayi zaka zapitazi zoyesa mitundu, kuswana kwa VNIIS. I.V.Michurina:

reds - Kalinka, Sibiryachka, Irony, Oriental Tale, Cherry, Bulgaria, Camilla;
chikasu - Volkhov, Mbalame Yachikasu, Oriole, Relay; lalanje - Polyushko, Annushka;
pinki ndi ngale yapinki - Pinki Seagull, Pinki Michurinsky, Mwana wamkazi wa Iolanta, Carousel, Ophelia, Rufina, Pinki Fantasy, Rotunda, Ksenia, Julia;
apurikoti ndi lalanje - Mlada, Instant, Wowopsa, Wowopsa, Lionella, Scherzo, Euphoria;
zoyera ndi zonona - Alibi, Morning Good, Nyanja Foam, Odette;
mamvekedwe awiri - Virinea, Michurin Ode, Emblem.

Mu 1997, mitundu ya Raspberry jingle ndi Morning Misty adawonetsedwa m'mayesero aboma ndi mitundu yofanana ndi mayina.

Mitundu yambiri yam'nyumba ndi yophatikiza, ndiye kuti, imakhala ndi masamba pamapulogalamu (mababu), kotero, imatha kufalitsidwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu.

Posachedwa, chidwi cha okonda maluwa akopa "ma burashi" - ma hybrids aku America omwe ali ndi malo osiyana pamunsi pa tsamba lililonse. Kutanthauzira kwenikweni "brashi" kumatanthauza "kupindika kwa brashi". Mukutanthauzira kwaulere, izi zitha kumveka mu Russian ngati "utoto." Inde, nyenyezi zamaluwa zamaluwa zimawoneka ngati zojambulidwa ndi burashi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya Wangard, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa "chizindikiro" choyambirira cha ku America, monga mawonekedwe oyamba, tili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "utoto", yomwe sinathe kuchitika nthawi yomweyo.

Lily Wautali-wosakanizidwa wosakanizidwa (Lily Candidum Hybrid)

Kugawa Kwapadziko Lonse Mafuta a Ma hybrid

Gawo I

Ma hybrids aku Asia (The Asiatic Hybrids): Izi ndi mitundu yambiri. Yosavuta kubereketsa, yosasamala, yolimbana ndi chisanu. Mumakonda dothi lotayirira. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala osanunkhira bwino, okhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 12cm. Zobzala chaka cha 4-5th.

Gawo II

Ziphuphu za Curly, The Martagon Hybrids: Mitundu yopanda kuzizira, yosagwira chisanu. Amakonda kukula mumthunzi wosakhalitsa kapena pamthunzi; kukula mpaka 150cm. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi chalmoid wokhala ndi miyala yolowera kwambiri.

Gawo III

Zophatikiza zoyera-ngati chipale, Mitundu ya Candidum: Kutalika kuli mpaka 150cm. yokhala ndi belu loyera lalitali lokhala ndi mawonekedwe, onunkhira bwino mpaka 10cm. m'mimba mwake. Pali mitundu 30. Amakhala dzuwa, malo abwino amafunika nthawi yozizira. Osalolera dothi lokhala ndi asidi.

Gawo IV

Ma hybrids aku America: Kutalika kwa 120cm. Maluwa okongola okhala ndi mawanga akulu akulu. Amakonda dothi lonyowa, lonyowa, lopanda madzi. Kuyika sikumalekeredwa bwino. Hardiness yozizira imakhala yofooka.

Gawo V

Zophatikiza zokhala ndi maluwa ataliatali (The Longiflorum Hybrids): Mpaka 120cm. Thermophilic kwambiri ndipo atengeke ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Makulidwe omwe amazikulitsa kuti azigulitsa amagulitsa.

Gawo VI

Ma hybrids a Tubular and Orleans (The Lipenga Hybrids): Mpaka pa 130cm. Amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Mumakonda dothi la zamchere pang'ono, pogona pamafunika nyengo yozizira. Kuti muzitha nyengo yabwino yozizira, muchepetse kuthirira mu kugwa.

Gawo VII

Zophatikiza zadzikoli: Maluwawa amafika mpaka 30cm. m'mimba mwake. Amakonda dothi lotayirira, lopanda mphamvu. Frost kukana ndi ofooka, motero pogona ndikofunikira (mulching ndi humus wosanjikiza mpaka 7 cm. Kapena masamba wakugwa mpaka 20 cm.). Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso kuthirira.

Gawo VIII

LA-Zophatikiza (LA-Zophatikiza) - Zima-Hardy, zojambula. Ntchito makamaka kwa chaka chonse distillation mu greenhouse.
OT-Hybrids (OT-Hybrids) - Maluwa onunkhira kwambiri mpaka 25cm. m'mimba mwake. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga kutulutsa.
LO-Zophatikiza - Maluwa ndi onunkhira kwambiri. Kwa dzinja, kukumba mababu.
OA Hybrids (OA-Hybrids) - gulu latsopano ndi lolimbikitsa, lopezeka ndikuwoloka hybrids a East (East) ndi Asia (Aziatic).

Gawo IX

Mitundu yamtundu wamtchire (Zakutchire) ndi mitundu yake: Awapangira gulu lina.

Lily Tubular Hybrid - Orleans Hybrid (Lily Lipenga Lophatikiza)

Kukula

Mukamasakaniza maluwa, zosowa zawo zosiyanasiyana m'nthaka komanso nyengo yake ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Zowuma zolimba za ku Asia zozizira zimabzalidwa m'gulu limodzi, ndipo ma hybrids ena amabala enawo, popeza omalizirawo sakonda dothi lanyengo, ndipo amayenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu. Potsitsa "zowonjezera" zowonjezera zowoneka bwino zaku Asia, chiwembucho chimakonzedwa mosiyana.

M'malo otentha, Tubular ndi Asia hybrids amakula bwino, omalizirawo amalola kuti kugwedezeka kwamwala kuwonjezeke. Maluwa onse pomaliza amafa chifukwa chamadzi osayenda, chifukwa malo osefukira satha.

Poganizira kuti maluwa amakakhala malo amodzi kwa zaka 3-5, amakumba dothi losadula ndikuwonjezera ndowa zinayi mpaka zinayi (kutengera mtundu wa dothi) wa humus ndi 50-100 g wa feteleza wosakanikirana pa 1 sq.m. Kwa ma hybrids aku Asia, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera feteleza wa peat, kuti maluwa azomera, osalolera azigawo la asidi, ndibwino kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni, fupa la chakudya kapena laimu 200-500 g pa 1 sq.m. Ndikulimbitsa kwambiri chisanadze kubzala, kufunika kwovala pamwamba kumazimiririka kwa zaka zitatu.

Pakati penipeni pa Russia, mababu nthawi zambiri amabzala mu Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala, koma kubzala masika ndikuthekanso. Ngati ndi kotheka, maluwa amatha kuazana nthawi iliyonse ya nyengo, ngakhale masamba, koma nthawi yomweyo kuyesa kupulumutsa dothi lokhala ndi mizu. Mababu asanadzalemo amakhazikika ndi imodzi mwa fungicides yololedwa kapena fumbi poyambira.

Kuzama kubzala nthawi zambiri kumakhala 12-30 cm ndipo zimatengera mtundu wa dothi, kukula kwa babu, ndipo nthawi zina kutengera mtundu wa kakombo. Chifukwa chake, kakombo yoyera matalala sikulekerera kubzala mwakuya, masamba ake amakula kuchokera pamwamba pa babu. Mtunda woyenera kwambiri pakati pa mababu ndi 25-30 cm.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kuti kulima kwamaluwa ndikwanthawi pang'ono kukaika kumalo atsopano. Monga lamulo, zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zilizonse, zokumba zokhala ndi mababu zimakumbidwa, mababu amapatulidwa ndikubzala imodzi panthaka yatsopano.

Zowoneka ngati manyowa ku Asia zimafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi mababu, ana, ma ntchentche anyezi, ndi mitundu yaziphuphu ndi mababu a tsinde. Mabomba amachotsedwa mu Ogasiti, pomwe amayamba kupatukana mosavuta ndi tsinde, ndikabzalidwa mu "sukulu" mpaka akuya masentimita 2-3 ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5-7 kuchokera kwa wina. Chapakatikati, ndipo nthawi zina mu kugwa, zimamera. M'chaka choyamba, rosette wa masamba amapangidwa, wachiwiri maluwa amapangidwa, pofika nthawi yophukira, babu woyenera kubzala m'malo okhazikika. Kuti muchepetse zochitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, mutatha masamba achikasu, zimayambira zimadulidwa ndikuwonongeka.

Kukhala bwino kwa kakulidwe ka maluwa, kukhala athanzi, kumachepera msanga ndipo kumatipatsa nthawi yayitali kutulutsa maluwa kokongola.