Zamia (Zamia) ndi wa banja la a Zamiaceae ndipo ndi chomera chokhazikika nthawi zonse chokhala ndi thunthu lalikulu lofanana ndi mbiya ndi masamba a cirrus. Zamia ndizofala mu madera otentha a America.
Dzinali limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini, lomwe limatanthawuza kutayika kapena kutayika. Ndilo dzina ili lomwe lidaperekedwa kwa ma cineine opanda kanthu, ndipo maula amapatsidwa ziwalo zoberekera - zovala, zomwe zimawoneka zofanana kwambiri ndi iwo.
Zamia ndi masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse omwe amakhala ndi thunthu losalala, lalifupi, nthawi zambiri mobisa komanso lofanana ndi tuber lalitali. Masamba a nduna ndi onyezimira komanso achikuda. Masamba ndi olimba kapena serata, ndi mapinimidwe komanso opaka mawonekedwe, omwe amagawidwa ponseponse komanso yopapatiza pansi. Nthawi zina amakhala akukhomerera mwamphamvu mitsempha yoloza kumunsi, poyamba imakhala yobiriwira, kenako nkukhala maolivi. Petioles pamasamba ndi osalala, nthawi zina yokutidwa ndi minga yaying'ono.
Zamia ndizomera zamtundu umodzi womwe mitundu yowerengeka yazikazi imapanga megastrobile mu ukalamba. Megastrobils imakhala ndi ma sporophyll amtundu wa scute, omwe ali munjira yolusa komanso amakhala ndi mavuvu awiri pamphepete mwa scutellum. Zoyimira zazimuna zimapanga ma microstrobiles.
Kukula kwa kusesa kumayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kunyumba sikufalikira.
Zamia - chisamaliro chakunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Zamia amakonda kuunika kowala, amatha kulekerera dzuwa mwachindunji, malingana ngati mbewuyo imazolowera pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale izi, ndikabwinonso kupukusa zapami pamasiku owala. Kuti zitheke bwino masamba, mbewuyo imayenera kuzunguliridwa ndi zenera mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Kutentha
M'nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha, kutentha kwa amamiya ndi madigiri 25-28, koma nthawi yozizira amatsitsidwa madigiri 14-17. Zamia sakonda kukokomeza mpweya, chipinda chino chimafunikira kuyendetsedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo zolemba siziyenera kuloledwa.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Mafuta onse onyentchera amakhala chinyezi mchipinda chomwe amakhala - amalolera bwino mpweya wouma komanso wowuma. Komabe, nthawi zina amalimbikitsidwa kutsuka masamba ndi madzi ofunda, makamaka fumbi likalowa.
Kuthirira
Mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, zamia zimafunikira kuthirira pambuyo poti dothi ladzala. Mukugwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira sichimamwe madzi konse. Pakakulitsa mbeu, kukokomeza mopitilira muyeso sikuyenera kuloledwa, kapena mosinthanitsa, kugunda kwa gawo lapansi.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Mu nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe, ngongoleyo imayenera kudyetsedwa mwezi uliwonse mothandizidwa ndi feteleza wosavuta wopanga zokongoletsera komanso mitengo yabwino. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu, simuyenera kudyetsa mbewuyo.
Dothi
Mulingo woyenera wa dothi ndi chisakanizo cha masamba ndi nthaka ya sod, humus, peat ndi mchenga wofanana. Mutha kuwonjezera tchipisi cha granite.
Thirani
Kuika kumachitika kamodzi zaka zingapo, chifukwa ngongole zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamalira chida chabwino pansi pamphika!
Kubalana
Kunyumba, zamia zimafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito njere zofesedwa ndikuwala pang'ono mpaka theka la mainchesi a mbewu. Kenako, njerezo zimakutidwa ndi galasi kuti ikhale chinyezi chofunikira.
Komanso, kulowetsako kungathe kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Zikafalikira ndikudula, zimayikidwa kaye m'madzi kuti zizikidwe, kenako ndikubzalidwe m'nthaka yokonzedwa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Zamia amakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tambiri. Zowonongeka, zimayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala pamtengowo, ndipo masamba ayenera kupukuta ndi sopo. Ngati matendawa ndi ochulukirapo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi akamagwira nthaka atha kuvunda mizu.
Kukula zovuta
- Kuperewera kwa feteleza wa mchere kapena kuthirira kosakwanira kungasonyezedwe ndi maonekedwe a masamba owuma a masamba.
- Ngati masamba anayamba kupera, ndipo tsinde linayamba kuvunda, dothi limanyowa kwambiri nthawi yozizira.
- Koma ngati masamba agwa, zikutanthauza kuti kuthirira sikunali kotentha kokwanira kapena kumangosowa.
Malingaliro odziwika
Zamia pseudoparasitic (Zamia pseudoparasitica) ndichomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse chomwe chimakula mpaka 3 m. Masamba a zamia wamkulu amakhala ndi masanjidwe komanso otambalala ndipo amatha kutalika mamitala, amasungidwa pa petioles okhala ndi ma spikes. Kutalika kwamasamba ambiri ndi 35 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 3-5. Kunja kwa pansi kuli mitsempha yotalika.
Zamia Wodzaza (Zamia furfuraceae) - zobiriwira zobiriwira zonse ndi mtengo, zomwe zimabisidwa pansi. Ili ndi duwa la masamba amtambo wamtambo 1-1.5 kutalika. Mitengo yamitengo yaukalamba imawululidwa pafupi ndi nthaka. Masamba ndi owongoka bwino, amakhala owonda komanso achikuda, mitsempha yofananira yodziwika bwino pansi. Ankhandwe achinyamata amaphimbidwa ndi mamba oyera ngati mbali iliyonse, ndipo masamba akuluakulu - pansi pokhapokha.
Zamia latifolia (Zamia latifolia) ndi chomera chomera nthawi zonse chokhala ndi chibonga chakuthwa pansi kapena pansi pansanja. Masamba omwe amamera pamwamba pamtunda wa 2, 3 kapena 4 amatha kukula mpaka 0.5-1 m. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka, tsamba lililonse limakhala lalitali ndi 17-22 cm ndi 4-5 cm.
Zamia pygmy (Zamia pygmaea) - mbewu yobiriwira yobiriwira yomwe ili ndi pansi pake. Ndiwotalika masentimita angapo m'litali ndi 23-25 ​​masentimita. Masamba amafikira kutalika 25-25, masentimita amphongo amakhala amtali wa 2 cm, ndipo achikazi amatha mpaka 4.5-5 cm. Mbewu zawo ndizochepa kwambiri (4-6 mm) .
