Hawthorn

Hawthorn wamba (Crataegus laevigata), wotchedwanso hawthorn wosasunthika, mwina mtengo wa mistress, kapena hawthorn wankhanza, kapena glod, amadziwika kuti ndi woimira mtundu wa Hawthorn. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imatha kukumana ku North America, komanso ku Europe. Chikhalidwechi chimakonda kukula m'nkhalango zowuma ndi paini, pamphepete komanso panthaka zadongo zolemera. Dzinalo la mitundu pomasulira limatanthawuza "champhamvu", izi ndichifukwa cha mtengo kapena chifukwa choti mtengowo umatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka mazana anayi. Imakhala yosasamalika kusamalira, ndipo imakula ngati mankhwala azomera komanso zokongoletsera.

Mawonekedwe a Hawthorn

Mitundu yambiri ya hawthorn ndi mitengo yamitundu yambiri. Komabe, pali mitundu yamitundu yobiriwira. Kutalika kwa mtengo woterewa kumasiyana kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 mita. Ngati atenga malo abwino kwambiri okula, ndiye kuti kutalika kwake kungafike ngakhale 12 metres. Korona wobiriwira wozungulira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ovoid, nthawi zambiri amakhala asymmetric. Khungwa lobooka kapena lopindika limakhala lofiirira kapena imvi, pomwe mitundu ina limakhala laling'ono. Nthambi zowongoka, ndikulira kapena zigzag. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, amakhala amaliseche kapena akumva-pubescent. Mitundu yambiri pamtengo imakhala ndi ma spine opanda masamba, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.5 mpaka 10 cm; amakula kuchokera ku masamba a axillary. Mitundu ya ku Europe ndi Asia mwina ilibe ma spine konse, kapena ndi yaying'ono. Mawonekedwe a masamba amatha kukhala ophatikizika, ma ovoid, ozungulira kapena owoneka bwino. Masamba amakhala olimba, opindika pang'onopang'ono kapena opindika, amawongoleredwa mokhazikika komanso amakhala ndi m'mphepete, mozungulira kapena mozungulira. Kutalika kwake, mbale zamasamba zimafikira masentimita 1 mpaka 12, pafupifupi kapena owoneka bwino, ndipo pamwamba pake mulibe kanthu kapena wokutidwa ndi wandiweyani pubescence. Mitundu yambiri, m'dzinja, mtundu wa masamba amasintha kukhala wofiirira, lalanje kapena golide. Komabe, pali mitundu ya hawthorn yomwe masamba ake amamera mozungulira obiriwira. Ma ambulate ovuta kapena corymbose inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa, m'mimba mwake kufika 10-20 mm, pomwe ali ndi miyala 5 yokha, yomwe imatha kupakidwa pinki, yoyera kapena yofiyira. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi ma inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa ambiri, koma palinso ena omwe maluwawo ndi amodzi kapena amatengedwa mu zidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu m'maluwa. Zomwe zimapangidwira maluwa zimakhala ndi chinthu chotchedwa dimethylamine, ndichifukwa chake ali ndi fungo la nsomba zowola. Kuyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika nthawi yamasika kapena masabata oyamba a chilimwe. Zipatso ndi maapulo ooneka ngati peyala, otambalala kapena apamwamba, omwe kukula kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 40 mamilimita. Mkati mwa maapulo oterowo, mafupa akulu akulu azikulu zazikulu amapepuka. Mtundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengoyi imakhudza mtundu wa maapulo, chifukwa chake imatha kukhala yokhala lalanje, pafupifupi yakuda, yofiira kapena yachikasu. Kucha zipatso kumawonedwa mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Pofika zaka 10, mtengo wotere umayamba kubereka.

Tikugulitsa hawthorn poyera

Nthawi yobzala

Hawthorn m'mundamo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga hedge, yomwe imawoneka ngati yosatheka, ndipo imabzalidwe mumitengo yokhayokha kuti alandire zipatso. Mbande zimabzalidwa kasupe komanso nthawi yophukira. Nthawi yomweyo, odziwa zamaluwa amalangiza kubzala mu kugwa. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo abwino komanso owonekera. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotakidwa bwino, yolemetsa komanso yopatsa thanzi.

Momwe mungabzalale hawthorn

Kusankhidwa kwa malo oyenera, komanso njira yobzala mmera wa hawthorn, zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe muti mudzakulire. Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala zitsamba zosachepera 2-3, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala pafupifupi 200 cm, izi zipangitsa kuti mungu wawo ukhale wabwino. Kudzaza dzenje lotungira kuyenera kukhala kusakaniza kosakonzedwa motere: mchenga, michere ya kumtunda ya dothi, peat, humus imaphatikizidwa, ndipo chimango chochepa kwambiri chimawonjezeredwa mosamala.

Mukamapanga udzu, tchire zibzalidwe mumphepete momwe mulifupi, mulifupi ndi mulifupi mwake zikhale zofanana ndi 0.5 m.Pakati pa mbande zomwe zayikidwa mu ngalandeyi, akuyenera kutalikirana ndi mamita 0.5. Udzu woterowo uyenera kupangidwa pamalo owoneka bwino, womwe siwenso ndi mthunzi pang'ono, chifukwa m'malo ambiri osowa dzuwa hawthorn samakula.

Podzala, ndibwino kuti musankhe mbande wazaka ziwiri. Ngati chitsamba chimodzi chabzalidwa, ndiye kuti dothi lomenyera liyenera kupangidwa lalikulu ndikuzama mita 0.7. Pansi pake, dambo lizikhala lopangidwa ndi mwala wosweka, njerwa kapena miyala, pomwe makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala a 15 mpaka 20 cm, pamwamba amathira mchenga wokhala ndi masentimita asanu. Mizu ya mbeuyo iyenera kuwongoledwa, kenako ndikuyiyika mu dzenje la maziko, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza (onani kapangidwe pamwambapa). Dziwani kuti khosi la mmera limayenera kukwera 30-50 mm pamwamba pa tsambalo. Zomera zobzalidwa zimafuna kuthirira kwambiri. Madzi atalowa mu dothi, nthaka yopanda thunthu iyenera kukumbiriridwa ndi mulch (peat, kompositi kapena humus) yamagawo asanu sentimita, pomwe mbali zonse za chomera ziyenera kufupikitsidwa mpaka 10 cm.

Kusamalira hawthorn m'munda

Kusamalira hawthorn kuyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi ndi mbewu zina za m'munda. Mtengo wotere uyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi yake, kudyetsedwa, namsongole, kumasula pansi mozungulira thunthu, kudulira, komanso kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda pofunikira. Ndikofunikira kukonza mwadongosolo mitengo kuti mumvetsetse momwe muliri. Pakapita nthawi, dulani zonse zouma, kupikisano, kudwala komanso kupindika ndi nthambi.

Kuti korona akhale ndi mawonekedwe ena, mtengowo umafunikira kupanga milimidwe. Njirayi, komanso kudulira mwaukhondo, imachitidwa kasupe. Nthawi zambiri, chikhalidwe chotere chimakula ngati mawonekedwe a chitsamba, chifukwa izi, kuyambira nthambi zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zimayenera kusiyidwa pamtengo, pomwe kudulira nthawi zonse kumayenera kutalika kwake pa 200-250 cm. Kukula kwawo kwa pachaka, tchire litafika kutalika kwa 0,5-0.7 m, zimangotsalirabe mpaka pano.

Kutsirira sikuyenera kukhala pafupipafupi. Mvula ikagwa mwangwiro m'chilimwe, ndiye kuti kuthirira kuyenera kukonzedwa kamodzi kokha m'masabata 4, pomwe malita 10 amamwa pachitsamba chimodzi chachikulire. Ngati nthawi yotentha ili yotentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zambiri. Mtengo wa hawthorn utatha kuthiriridwa, thunthu liyenera kumasulidwa mpaka masentimita 10 mpaka 15. Mu nthawi yophukira, mtengowo uyenera kukumbidwa mozungulira gawo lachifumuwo mpaka pakuya kwa bayonet.

Panyengo yonse yokukula, mbewuyi imayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi kokha asanathe. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa hawthorn ndi yankho la mullein (gawo limodzi la mullein limatengedwa magawo 10 a madzi). Kuvala kumeneku ndikokwanira pamtengowu kwa nthawi yonse yomwe ikula.

Thirani

Nthawi zina kumakhala kofunikira kuti ndikasendeza kambewu wamkulu kale. Pankhaniyi, dzenje latsopano pokonzekereratu limakonzedwa pasadakhale, ndipo pokhapokha pitani mwachindunji ndikuyika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikadula mtengo usanakwanitse zaka zisanu, chifukwa pofika nthawi imeneyi iye ali kale mizu yolimba komanso yolimba. Asanayambe kumuika, osakaniza dothi wokhala ndi michere yambiri ayenera kukonzekera mtengowo. Choyamba muyenera kukumba mtengo m'mphepete mwa korona, poyesa kuti musavulaze mizu. Kenako dothi ladzaza ndi fosholo, ndipo chitsamba chakugwada ndikuchotsa m'nthaka. Hawthorn imasinthidwa kukhala kanema wofalikira kapena nsalu, kenako imasunthidwa ku dzenje la maziko atsopano. Mizu yomwe ili maliseche iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la Kornevin, ndiye mbewuyo imabzalidwa m'malo atsopano.

Matenda ndi tizirombo ta hawthorn okhala ndi chithunzi

Hawthorn amafunika kutetezedwa kumatenda ndi tizirombo. Tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa matenda timakhala ndikuwopseza, zomwe zimapweteketsa zipatso zina: plamu, apulo, chitumbu, peyala, apurikoti, pichesi, etc. Nthawi zambiri, chomera chimadwala ndi bulauni, imvi, ocher, loyera ndi chikasu ufa wowuma. Ndipo choopsa chachikulu kuchokera ku tizirombo kupita ku mbewuyo ndi msipu wobiriwira wa aphid, nkhanambo ya apulosi, tsamba la rosette ndi tsamba la hawthorn.

Powdery mildew

Ngati chitsamba chili ndi vuto la ufa, ndiye kuti chodera chakumaso kapena choyera. Pakapita kanthawi, kumakhala kwamdima ndipo kumawuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a masamba azikhala osakanikira. Zimayambukiridwa zomwe zimayambukiridwa zimayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo chitsamba chizithiridwa ndi Vectra, Cumulus kapena Skor. Pambuyo pa theka la mwezi, kukonzekera kwa fungosis kumathandizidwanso.

Wowonerera

Ndikowona kolowera pakatikati pa nthawi yachilimwe, mawanga amawoneka pamasamba popanda kuwonekera bwino kwa ocher kapena mtundu wa bulauni. Kuchokera masamba awa amawuma ndi kugwa msanga.

Maonekedwe a bulauni

Ndi mawanga a bulauni, mawanga owoneka kapena ozungulira a mtundu wa bulauni amawonekera kutsogolo kwa masamba, omwe m'mimba mwake amafikira 0.6 masentimita ndipo ali ndi malire amdima. Pomwe amapanga, tsamba limayamba kupukuta.

Grey mawanga

Chifukwa cha kutuwa kwa masamba pa masamba, masamba ambiri owaluka amapangika ndi mawonekedwe amdima. Nthawi yayitali ya matendawa imawonedwa masabata otsiriza chilimwe.

Mawonekedwe oyera

Pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe, mawanga ang'onoang'ono abulauni opindidwa mawonekedwe mumtundu womwe umakhudzidwa ndi mawanga oyera, pakapita nthawi pakati pawo imakhala yoyera, pomwe mtundu wa m'mphepete umakhalabe wakuda.

Mawonekedwe achikaso

Ndi malo achikaso, mawanga akulu achikaso amatulutsa kutsogolo kwa masamba, patapita nthawi mtundu wawo utasintha kukhala wa bulauni-kufumbwa pakhungu. Nthawi yomweyo, matupi a zipatso a bowa amawoneka pansi pamalopo. Chifukwa cha izi, chikaso ndikuwuluka masamba ndikuyamba. Kuti tichotsere mtundu uliwonse wamawonekedwe, hawthorn imakonkhedwa ndi yankho limodzi la mkuwa oxychloride kapena madzi a Bordeaux. Pofuna kupewa hawthorn, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipopera kasupe masamba asanaphuke, ndipo m'dzinja, pomwe masamba amagwa amawonedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pakugwa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba owuluka pamalowo, ndipo zitsamba zonse zodulidwa ndizofunika kuti ziwotchedwe.

Green apulosi aphid

Green apid aphid amavulala ziwalo zazing'ono za mtengo. Amayamwa msuzi wamasamba mwa iwo, chifukwa cha izi, masamba amawundana, ndipo iwo amafota msanga, ndipo zimayambira zimasokonekera. Pofuna kupha tizilombo, mbewuyo iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la Karbofos (20 magalamu a zinthu pachidebe chimodzi cha madzi). Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito monga wowerengeka azitsamba monga fodya kapena kulowetsedwa kwa adyo ndi sopo. Pazolinga zopewera, hawthorn amayenera kuwaza ndi Nitrafen masamba asanatsegule.

Kalata ya Rosette

Tsamba la rosette limakonza dzira litaikidwa mu khungwa la hawthorn, mbozi zachikulire zimatafuna masamba a mtengowo, kukulira masamba, komanso kutchera mazira. Pofuna kupha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mtengowo uyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la Chlorofos (magalamu 20 pa ndowa 1). Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, madzi asanayambe, mtengo uyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Nitrafen.

Hawthorn

Khwangwala ndi gulugufe yemwe amadya timadzi tokongola tamaluwa, pomwe kutsogolo kwake kumatulutsa mazira, ndipo mbozi zomwe zimawoneka zimadya masamba ndi masamba. Kuti utulutsire hawthorn, maluwa asanadutse komanso kumapeto kwake, mtengowo umafufafaniza ndi yankho la Chlorofos kapena Karbofos (20 magalamu pa ndowa imodzi) ya madzi.

Scutelliform apulo

Chiphuphu chokhala ndi mutu wa apulo ndi kachilombo kakang'ono koyamwa, kamayamwa msuzi wazomera kuchokera ku masamba ndi masamba. Kuti muwononge, ndikofunikira kupopera mtengowo ndi Karbofos, Fufanon, Aktara kapena Aktellik.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya hawthorn yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mwa mitundu yambiri ya mbewu zotere, yotchuka kwambiri ndi prickly hawthorn. Pansipa kufotokozedwa mitundu yomwe imalimidwa ndi alimi nthawi zambiri.

Peyala Hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum)

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imakhala ndi masamba atatu okhala ndi masamba ofanana omwe amawoneka ngati masamba a viburnum. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imapezeka ku Midwestern United States. Kutalika kwa chomera chotere ndi pafupifupi mamita 12, kutalika kwa minga yowongoka pafupifupi 50 mm. Maluwa ndi gawo la zikopa zingapo. Zipatso, zomwe m'mimba mwake zimafikira masentimita 0.5-0.8, zimapakidwa utoto wofiirira. Pakati patali, mtunduwu suukulidwa, chifukwa umakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu.

Soft hawthorn (Crataegus submollis), kapena semi-zofewa hawthorn

Ichi ndi choyimira china cha zomera zaku North America. Kutalika kwa hawthorn kotereku pafupifupi mita 8. Korona wokongola ali ndi mawonekedwe a hema. Masamba obiriwira amdima ali ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, amaphatikiza masamba atatu kapena anayi. Poyamba, pamakhala masamba pa masamba, koma pakapita nthawi imangokhala m'mitsempha. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba amasanduka bulauni. M'mimba mwake, maluwa akuluakulu amafika 25 mm; amakhala pamiyala yayitali, yopyapyala. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'maluwa khumi kapena khumi ndi khumi okhala ndi maluwa. Zipatso za malalanje ofiira zimafikira pafupifupi 20 mm. Thupi lawo lachikasu ndimakoma komanso chokoma kwambiri. Pakupanga zipatso, mtengo wotere umakongoletsa kwambiri. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1830

Crataegus Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida)

Nthawi zambiri, mtunduwu umatchedwa Chinese, chifukwa zachilengedwe zimapezeka ku Primorye, Northeast China, Amur ndi Korea. Mbewuyi ndi yokonda chinyezi, yosagwira chisanu, osakhudzika ndikuchokera munthaka. Kutalika kwa mtengo wokhala ndi nthambi yolimba kwambiri ndi korona wofalikira ndi mamita 4-6. Mtundu wa khungwa ndi imvi yakuda, pali ma spikes pang'ono pa iyo, mpaka kutalika kwa 20 mm. Masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira obiriwira okhazikika amasintha. Zipatso zofiira zomwe zimapangidwa m'mimba mwake zimafikira 1,7 masentimita ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe. Pamaso pawo pali zingwe zazing'ono zamtundu woyera. Chomera chimakhala ndi zokongoletsera zake nyengo yonse. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1860.

Spitz Hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli), kapena "cock spur"

Dziko lakwawo la mtunduwu ndi gawo lakum'mawa kwa United States, pomwe limakonda kukula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, komanso m'mbali mwa mapiri ndi zigwa. Kutalika kwa mtengo woterewu kumasiyana kuyambira 6 mpaka 12 metres. Maonekedwe a korona amafalikira ponseponse. Pamwamba panthambizo pali nthambi zambiri zopindika, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 10, kunja kwake ndi zofanana ndi tambala wa tambala. Masamba olimba amtundu wautali kufika masentimita 8 mpaka 10, ali ndi chikopa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe owongoka-obovate okhala ndi mano akuthwa osagawidwa m'mbali.Amapaka utoto wobiriwira wakuda, womwe m'dzinja amasintha kukhala lalanje. Ma chithokomiro inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa 15-20, ofika mainchesi 20 mm ndipo utoto woyera. Kucha zipatso kumawonedwa mchaka chachitatu cha Seputembala. Sagwa pamtengo nthawi yonse yozizira, koma amatha kupaka utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira matte ofiira mpaka oyera. Mtunduwu suthana ndi chilala, komanso umalolera m'mizinda. Komabe, kukana kwake nyengo yachisanu sikokwanira kwambiri. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1656.

Nyama Yobiriwira (Crataegus chlorosarca)

Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka m'nkhalango za Sakhalin, Japan, Kamchatka ndi zilumba za Kuril. Ndi chitsamba, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 4-6. Nthambi zakale ndi thunthu zimakutidwa ndi makungwa aimvi, ndipo timitengo tating'onoyo ndi utoto wofiirira, zonunkhira zimapezeka pamtunda, zimafikira kutalika kwa 1.5 cm. Magawo a masamba ooneka ngati mazira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okuthwa komanso oyambira. Pamaso pawo amatha kukhala opanda kanthu kapena kufalikira, pomwe ali pamunsi pa pepalalo muluwo ndi wokutira, ndi kutsogolo - omwazika. Mitengo yowala ya corymbose inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa oyera omwe ali ndi ma anther amdima pa stamens. Maonekedwe ozungulira zipatsozi amapaka utoto wakuda, ndipo zamkati mwawo zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndichifukwa chake mtunduwu umatchedwa nyama yobiriwira. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1880.

Monoecious Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)

Pazinthu zachilengedwe, izi zimapezeka kumadera akumwera kwa Europe ku Russia, Caucasus ndi Central Asia. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi prickly hawthorn, koma umasiyana chifukwa maluwa amapaka utoto wowala wa pinki, komanso kukula msanga. Chiyembekezo chazamoyo zamtunduwu ndi kuyambira zaka 200 mpaka 300. Kutalika kwa mbewu yotereyi ndi mamita 3-6, komabe, ngati malo abwino angaperekedwenso, akhoza kukhala okwera. Korona wama Symmetric ali ndi mawonekedwe okhala ngati hema. Pamwamba pa chopanda chopanda kanthu pali ma spines ochepa a sentimita. Masamba a masamba ali ndi ovoid kapena mawonekedwe a rhombic. Kuphatikizidwa kwa inflorescence kumaphatikizapo maluwa 10 mpaka 18. Mkati mwa mwana wosabadwayo mumakhala fupa limodzi lokha. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa owirikiza oyera ndi oyera a pinki. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamunda:

• piramidi - korona ali ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi;
• ndikulira - nthambi za chomera zimatsitsidwa;
• kapezi - maluwa amodzi amapaka utoto wofiira;
• kulira kwa pinki - chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi pansi ndi maluwa apinki;
• pinki - padziko la pinki pamakhala timizere tofiira;
• miyala yoyera - maluwa awiri amapaka utoto;
• kuphuka nthawi zonse - chitsamba chokongola kwambiri chimamasula nthawi yonse ya chilimwe;
• tsamba logawanika - masamba a mitengo ya cirrus omwe amapatutsidwa kwambiri;
• oyera-motley - utoto wa mapepala okhala ndi masamba;
• opanda zingwe.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Rosea Flora Pleno idapezeka ndi hybridization, mbewu yotere imakhala ndi maluwa okongola a pinki.

Pantly Hawthorn

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zamtunduwu kumapezeka kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

• Bicolor - maluwa oyera amakhala ndi malire ofiira;
• Pauli - maluwa okongola a utoto wopaka utoto wofiirira;
• golide ndi thundu - Zipatso za mtundu wachikaso.

Zotchuka kwambiri ndizina monga:

1. Kakhola Kaphokoso. Kutalika kwa mitundu yosiyanitsira imeneyi kumayambira 3 mpaka 4 mita. Crohn ndi yotakata komanso yofananira. Maluwa a Terry ali ndi mtundu wa carmine. Pamaso pa masamba atatu-asanu okhala ndi masamba obiriwira, ndipo mbali yolakwika ndiyabwino. Zipatso zofiira zofiirira zimaponyedwa siliva pang'ono ndipo zimakhala ndi ovoid kapena mawonekedwe.
2. Arnold. Mitundu yayikuluyi yokhala ndi zipatso yayikulu imakhala yokhotakhota, yophimbidwa ndi khungwa loyera la imvi. Masamba a masamba amazunguliridwa, ndipo ma spikes amafika kutalika kwa 90 mm. Zikopa zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera. Mkati mwa chipatsocho muli mbewu 3 kapena 4, ndipo kakomedwe kake kamakhala kotsekemera.

Kuphatikiza pa mitunduyi, mbewu zoterezi zimapangidwanso: Altai, Crimea, Scarlet, wooneka ngati fan, Daurian, Douglas, ofiira-magazi, kapena Siberian, wakuthwa-zipatso, wobiriwira-zipatso, pistil, wamkulu-anther, kapena waminga wamkulu, Maximovich, Pontic, Poyarkova, riverine ndi ena.

Katundu wa hawthorn: kuvulaza ndi kupindula

Zothandiza zimatha hawthorn

Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 16, hawthorn wagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, ndipo amathandizanso matenda am'matumbo. Tiyi yokhala ndi masamba ndi maluwa a mbewu iyi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira m'ma 1800 kuyeretsa magazi. Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa 20, onse maluwa ndi zipatso za chikhalidwechi adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda amtima.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hawthorn imasiyana mu mphamvu yochiritsa. Zida zamankhwala zimafotokozedwa mwamphamvu mu mitundu monga: hawthorn magazi ofiira, wamba, Daurian, zipatso zobiriwira, zisanu pistil ndi pistil imodzi. Popanga mankhwala azachipatala, zipatso ndi maluwa a chomerachi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi shuga, ndipo ambiri a iwo ali ndi fructose, pankhaniyi, amathanso kudyedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Zipatsozi zilinso ndi zinthu zingapo zogwiritsa ntchito pa biologic: triterpene, komanso tartaric, khofi, chlorogenic ndi citric acid, acetylcholine, choline, quercetin, tannins, phytosterols, mafuta amafuta, sorbitol ndi mavitamini A, P ndi C.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa hawthorn kumakhudza bwino ntchito ya mtima, pomwe zipatso ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pazotsatira sizikhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito hawthorn kwa anthu okalamba pazifukwa zopewera, chifukwa zimathandizira kulimbitsa mtima, kupewa kusintha m'mitsempha yama coronary, komanso zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukhazikika komanso kufalikira kwa magazi, kuchepetsa kukwiya, kutopa ndi nkhawa.

Chida chodziwika kwambiri chopangidwa pamaziko a mbewuyi ndi tincture. Pali njira ziwiri zophikira nokha:

1. 100-150 magalamu a zipatso zouma ziyenera kuphwanyidwa bwino ndi matope a mtengo. Unyinji womwe umayambitsidwa umatsanulidwa mugalasi, momwe mumatsanulira lita imodzi ya mowa wamphamvu. Chombo chotsekedwa mwamphamvu chimayeretsedwa m'malo ozizira komanso amdima pomwe chikuyenera kukhala masiku 21. Tincture umasefedwa kudzera mwa gauze.
2. 100 magalamu a maluwa osankhidwa kumene ayenera kuyikiridwa mu chotengera cha galasi, momwe mumathira lita imodzi ya mowa wamphamvu kapena mowa. Chombo chotsekedwa mwamphamvu chimatsukidwa m'malo amdima komanso ozizira kwa milungu 1.5. Tincture uyenera kusefedwa.

Contraindication

Hawthorn sayenera kudyedwa panthawi yoyembekezera, azimayi oyamwitsa, komanso hypotension. Imaphatikizidwanso chifukwa cha tsankho. Ngati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito hawthorn, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mankhwala othandiza kwambiri amatha kuvulazidwa ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.