Kusankha mmera wamapula wa maula, mlimi aliyense amadziwa kuti kulakalaka kokha sikokwanira. Kuti mukule mtengo wolimba ndikututa zochuluka mtsogolo, ndikofunikira kulingalira zabwino ndi zovuta za plums zosiyanasiyana. Kufotokozera mwachidule zamitundu yambiri yotchuka ya plums kungathandize kudziwa kusankha mitundu.
Plum ChiHungary
Mulinso gulu lalikulu la plums zapakhomo, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri zomwe ndizodziwika ndi zipatso, zomwe ndi:
- mawonekedwe
- mnofu wakhungu wachikasu wokhala ndi tint yofiira;
- mtundu wakuda wa zipatso wokhala ndi zokutira yoyera;
- mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pambali;
- kukoma kotsekemera kwa ma plums.
Oimira osiyanasiyana ndi plums Moscow, Belorusskaya, Chodabwitsa, Donetsk ndi ena. Zonsezi zimadziwika ndi zochuluka komanso kubereka. Mbande zimalola chilala bwino, ndipo zipatsozo zimayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungidwa.
Mtengo wachikulire umakhala ndi korona wokulira ndipo umakula mpaka 6 m, zomwe zimapangitsa njira yosamalira ndi kukolola kukhala yovuta. Kubala kumachitika pazaka 7 zokha.
Pokhapokha kuchokera ku ma plamu aku Hungary komwe mungapangitse mitengo yamtengo wapatali yapamwamba kwambiri.
Stanley Plum
Mitundu yakucha yakucha, dzina lachiwiri ndi Stanley, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kum'mwera. Ili ndi korona wozungulira wokhala ndi mphukira zapafupi mbali. Kutalika kwambiri kwa mtengowo kulibe kupitirira mamita 3. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu (nthawi zina mpaka 50 g), zonenepa komanso zonunkhira, pang'ono acid. Kukucha kumayambiriro kwa yophukira kwa kubzala kwa zaka 5. Kuchita bwino ndikwabwino - pafupifupi 60 makilogalamu amatha kuchotsedwa pamtengo umodzi.
Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kubala zipatso zokha, chifukwa zimatha kudzipatsa zokha. Monga ma pollinators owonjezerapo, ndibwino kuti mudzalamo ma Blufrey kapena Chachak plums.
Stanley plum ndi pollinator wabwino kwambiri wamitundu yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yomweyo maluwa.
Hardness yozizira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ili pamlingo wambiri, koma siyigonjetsedwa ndi imvi zowola ndi maula a plum.
Plum Eurasia
Oyambirira tebulo zosiyanasiyana kucha kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Zaka zopitilira 4, mmera wachichepere umamera kukhala mtengo waukulu wokhala ndi korona wobiriwira ndikuyamba kubala zipatso. Kirimuyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso kukula kwapakatikati (pafupifupi 25 g), lochuluka zipatso. Chifukwa cha zamkati zomwe mumaphika kwambiri, ndizabwino kuteteza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti fupa ndilovuta kuchotsa. Zosiyanasiyana zatchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa cha kuuma kwambiri kwa dzinja komanso kukana matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya Eurasia, monga yopanda mphamvu, imafunikira ma pollinators, oyenerera kwambiri ndi Renklod maula, Mayak, Volga kukongola.
Plum Greengage
Mitundu ya Greenclod imalumikiza mitundu yoposa 200 ya ma plums, monga Altana, Tambov, Michurinsky, Beauvais ndi ena. Onsewa amadziwika ndi mitundu iyi:
- kutalika kwambiri kwa mitengo (mpaka 7 m);
- korona wozungulira wokhala ndi nthambi zowala;
- zipatso zazikulu mawonekedwe a mpira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa pang'ono;
- mawonekedwe apadera, a marmalade, ndi zamkati ndi abwino kwambiri komanso okoma.
Mapulogalamu ambiri a ma Rinclod maula ndi othilira, komabe, samasiyana mu mbeu yokhazikika komanso yabwino - nyengo nyengo yachilimwe ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kukana chisanu, chilala ndi matenda ndizambiri.
Plum wokondedwa
Kufotokozedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya uchi maula kumakhala kofanana ndi chithunzi cha zipatsozo: ma plums okhuthala okongola amakhala ndi uchi wambiri komanso kuwala kwamalanje. Plum amatanthauza mtundu wovundikira, zipatso zimapsa mu June. Guwa ndi labwino komanso lokoma, ndi fungo labwino. Mtengowo umakhala ndi korona wapakati, koma umafunika osachepera 5 metres. m. malo, chifukwa amatha kufikira 7 m kutalika. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kulimidwa kumpoto, sizigwirizana ndi kutentha kochepa.
Plum Honey ndiyopanda chonde, popeza ma pollinator ndioyenereradi ndi Renkord Karbysheva kapena Vengerka Donetsk.
Kukongola kwa Plum Volga
Mitundu yoyambirira yotseka mchere, mitengo yomwe imakula mwachangu imapanga korona wozungulira ndikufika kupitirira 6 m kutalika. Zochulukitsa ndizambiri, zimabala zipatso zaka 4 za moyo. Kirimuyo ndi yozungulira, yopendekera pang'ono mpaka pamwamba, ndi chilonda chowoneka bwino chamtsogolo. Kukula kwa chipatsochi ndi kwapakatikati, kumakoma pang'ono acidic, koma yowutsa mudyo.
Kukongola kwa Plum Volga kunadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri chisanu, matenda ndi tizilombo. Komabe, muyenera kulabadira kuti maluwa amatha kuumitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke.
Monga ma pollinators a kudzikongoletsa kwa Volga kukongola, ma red Skorospelka ofiira kapena Zhiguli plums ndioyenera. Izi zikuthandizira kukonza mazira.
Plum Etude
Mitundu yoyambirira ya tebulo, mtengo umakhala kutalika kwambiri kuposa pafupifupi. Korona wamtundu wokulira pang'ono m'mwamba. Munthawi ya zipatso, imalowa pakatha zaka 4 mutabzala, zokolola zimakhala zapamwamba pachaka. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 30 g, zokhala ndi wandiweyani komanso zamkati. Kufatsa sikumveka konse.
Ubwino waukulu wa plum Etude ndi:
- Kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali (mpaka miyezi iwiri m'malo ozizira).
- Mayendedwe.
- Kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri kwa masamba ndi maluwa.
- Kukaniza matenda.
Kupukutira kwa mafuta a Etuding osabereka pang'ono, mitundu ya ma plums Renklod Tambovsky ndi Volga kukongola ndi koyenera.
Mphatso ya Buluu wa Plum
Zosiyanasiyana ndizosavuta kusamalira, chifukwa chotsika (mpaka 3 m), korona wamtundu wobiriwira wozungulira ngati mawonekedwe. Zipatso pambuyo zaka 4 za moyo kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Zipatso zimasiyana:
- kukula kochepa (pafupifupi 15 g);
- chowulungika mawonekedwe ndi ofatsa ofananira nawo chilonda;
- zamkati wowonda wokhala ndi madzi ochepa, koma fupa lowonongeka;
- wowawasa umapezeka mu kukoma kwa maula.
Ubwino wa mphatso ya maula ya Buluu ndi kudzala chonde komanso kukana kwambiri kwa maluwa ku kutentha pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, zosiyanasiyana sizimakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi njenjete.
Mpira Wofiyira wa Plum
Mid-oyambirira grade ya China plamu. Mtengowu umakula mosakhwima, osapitirira 2,5 mamita, mphukira zam'mbali zimatsitsidwa. Amasiyana zipatso zazikulu kwambiri (mpaka 40 g) zozungulira. Ma plamu osapsa amapakidwa utoto wobiriwira ndi utoto wachikasu; akafika kukhwima kwathunthu amatembenuka ofiira, motero dzina la mitundu. Kubala kumachitika kale mchaka chachiwiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ma plums amakhala odzaza, acidity.
Monga ma pollinators a ma Red Ball plums, mitundu yama plums aku China kapena aku Russia, ikutulutsa ndi nthawi imodzi, ndioyenera.
Pazokhumudwitsa zamitundu mitundu, ndikofunikira kudziwa kugawidwa kwazipatso zaka zambiri pakakhala mazira ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, maula amakhudzidwa ndi madzi oundana, ngakhale kuti amalolera chisanu mozizira. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda a clastosporiasis ndi kuwotcha kwachifumu.
Plum Morning
Oyambirira kucha maula, zipatso pambuyo chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Mtengo wamtundu wapakatikati uli ndi korona wozungulira, nthambi zimakwezedwa pang'ono. Zochulukitsa ndizokwera, zipatso zimacha kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, koma osati zonse nthawi imodzi. Ma plums ozungulira ndi othandiza kwambiri komanso onunkhira, ali ndi khungu lachikaso komanso khungu lakhungu. Amakhala ndi kakomedwe kotsekemera komanso wowawasa, amakhala athyathyathya pa kayendedwe, koma osakula kwambiri (pafupifupi 25 g).
Maula a Plum sangalekerere nyengo yachisanu, koma imachira msanga pambuyo pozizira kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, pamafunika kuthirira kowirira. Sichikhudzidwa ndi zowola za zipatso ndi kleasterosporiosis, nthawi zina zimagwidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi njenjete.
Ubwino waukulu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kudzala kwayekha komanso kuthekera kuchita ngati pollinator wa ma plums opanda chonde.
Plum Purezidenti
Masamba opsa mochedwa, kwa mbande zazing'ono kumadutsa kwamizere yamaudindo ndi kachitidwe. Pambuyo pakupanga zipatso (kwa zaka 5), nthambi zimatsika pang'ono. Mtengo wachikulire sukula 3 m kutalika. Zipatso za sing'anga kukula, kuzungulira, zobiriwira, mutatha kucha zimakhala burgundy. Kukoma kwake ndi kowawasa, ndipo zamkati palokha limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi yowutsa mudyo.
Ma plamu akuchulukirachuluka amagwira nthambi, pang'ono pokhapokha atangokulira.
Plum Purezidenti amakhala ndi chilala chachikulu komanso kukana chisanu, kuwonongeka kwa matenda kuli pamlingo wambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzilimbitsa, koma kuti muchulukitse zokolola ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale Stanley, Mirnaya kapena Skorospelka plums ofiira.
Mwa zoperewera, ndikofunikira kuwunikira thupi lolimba komanso wowawasa panthawi yachilimwe youma komanso nthawi yoyambilira yophukira.
Zokongoletsa za maula
Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya maula, ndikofunikira kuwunikira gulu lokongoletsa lomwe oimira ake samangokhala ndi zipatso, komanso zokongoletsa. Mitundu ina yamapulogalamu, malinga ndi dzina, kufotokozera ndi chithunzi, imakopa chidwi chokhala ndi maluwa owala komanso owala, pomwe ena ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Makamaka otchuka ndi:
- Plamu yaku Japan;
- Pissardi maula;
- kalasi Cystena;
- Kufalikira Kwa Plum.
Ma plamu achi Japan
Mitundu yachilendo imachokera ku Japan, yomwe imatchedwanso peach yaku Japan, apricot, mum kapena ume. Mitunduyo imakhala yokongola pakamasamba: kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mtengo wamtali umakutidwa ndi maluwa onunkhira amitundu yoyera kapena yapinki omwe amatulutsa kwa miyezi yopitilira iwiri.
Nthawi zina, maula ku Japan amakula ngati msuzi.
Zipatso zimacha mkatikati mwa chilimwe, zimakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira komanso wowawasa wowawasa ndi cholembera tart, chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzedwa.
Ngakhale kuti mayi amamisidwa ndi matenda, mitunduyi imakula makamaka ndi amateurs.
Red Plum
Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa Red-leaved Cherum kapena Pissardi plum polemekeza wasayansi yemwe adayambitsa mmera woyamba wochokera ku Iran. Chikhalidwe cha maula ndi mtundu wofiira wa mphukira, masamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zimapitilira nyengo yonse.
Kubala ndi zochuluka, koma mwa zochulukirapo ndi zomwe acidic amapezeka. Zosiyanasiyana siziri kudwala ndi fungal matenda, koma ma nsabwe nthawi zina zimawonongeka. Hardiness yozizira ili pamlingo wapakati. Kumagawo akum'mwera, maula ofiira amakhala ndi bwino ndipo amatha kukula mpaka zaka zana.
Zipatso zimacha mu Ogasiti, koma zimatha kukhala nthambi, osaphwanyika, mpaka Okutobala.
Plum Cystena
Dzinalo lachiwiri la mitundu yamafuta amtunduwu ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Cystena ndi chitsamba chomwe chimamera pang'onopang'ono (osapitirira 1.5 cm pachaka). Kutalika kwenikweni kwa chitsamba sikupita 2 m, pomwe mainchesi korona nthawi zambiri amakhala olingana ndi kutalika kwa chitsamba. Zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka ndikudutsa mchenga chitumbuwa ndi Pissardi maula.
Kukongoletsa kumachitika chifukwa cha:
- utoto wofiira wa masamba okhala ndi rasipiberi komanso wonyezimira;
- maluwa oyera oyera okhala ndi pakati wofiira, wokonzedwa mu dongosolo limodzi;
- zipatso zabwino zofiirira.
Plum Cystena nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati linga, chipewa cha masamba sichimagwa chisanu. Ili ndi chidwi chokwanira kutentha pang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mphukira zazing'ono.
Kufalikira Kwa Plum
Mtengo wautali wokhala ndi korona wakufalikira wokhala ndi zokoma komanso zowawasa kuchokera chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Kukolola zochulukirapo, mpaka 40 kg yamafuta kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi wachikulire. Zipatso zazing'ono zamitundu yocheperako ndizochepa, ndipo mu cultivars zimafikira 60. Kufalikira maula amatchedwanso chitumbuwa, chitumbuwa kapena chitumbuwa, chili ndi mitundu ingapo (Nigra, Elegans ndi ena). Mtundu wofiirira wakuda masamba ndi mphukira umapatsa maula kukhala mawonekedwe okongoletsa, kupangitsa kuti iwoneke ngati sakura.
Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana bwino ndi matenda amtundu wakuda ndi bowo komanso tizirombo. Kuphatikiza apo, salola nyengo ya chisanu, chifukwa chake mbande zazing'ono zimafunikira pogona.
Minda yonse iwiri komanso zokongoletsera zamitundu yambiri zimakhala ndi oimira ena ambiri, kotero kusankha mtengo woyenera m'mundawo sikudzakhala vuto.
