Gloriosa ndi mbewu yokongoletsera yomwe mwachilengedwe imamera nyengo yotentha ya ku South Africa ndi Asia. Iye ndi wa banja la melantius, dongosolo la maluwa, ndipo dzina lake lachiwiri ndi duwa laulemerero. Pa mashelufu, mbewu zazing'ono zimawoneka zosakoma, koma chisamaliro choyenera ndikusamalidwa zimasanduka maluwa owala bwino okhala ndi mphukira zazitali. Komabe, kuti chomera cha gloriosa chizimva bwino m'malo otentha komanso ozizira, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino zofunikira zake zonse pasadakhale.
Gloriosa - mbewu iyi ndi chiyani?
Gloriosa ndi chomera chamuyaya. Sili wotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa chake imakhala ndi mitundu yaying'ono. Kwenikweni, amakhala pamashelefu momwe amakulira mwachilengedwe, m'nkhalango zotentha. Zoweta sizinayese kuchita ndipo sizinasinthe zina ndi zina, motero aliyense ali ndi mwayi wolima mpesa weniweni wa nkhalango pawindo.
Gloriosa imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro zingapo:
- zimayambira zowongoka, zobiriwira zopepuka, zimatha kutalika kwa 1-2 m;
- rhizome - tuber;
- Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe apansi;
- antennae ali kumapeto kwa mphukira, pomwe mbewuyo imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chithandizo;
- maluwa ndi owala, akulu, ali okha, atakhazikika pazoyambira zazitali;
- mu nyengo yosavomerezeka, gawo la mlengalenga limatha kuyimitsidwa, ndipo ndikumawotha, njira zamasamba zimabwezeretseka.
Chithunzicho, gloriosa imawoneka yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka bwino, koma ndibwino kusilira maluwa ake kuchokera kutali, ndipo mukamagwira nawo ntchito, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo achitetezo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewuyo ili ndi poizoni kwa nyama ndi anthu. Muli ndi alkaloid colchicine, ndende yake imakhala kwambiri mu tubers ndi mbewu. Kwa munthu wamkulu, ndikokwanira kudya 6 mg ya chinthucho kuti chithe. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito ndi gloriosa, ndizoletsedwa kukhudza pakamwa ndi ziwalo zina za mucous.
Ngakhale kuti m'chilengedwe gloriosa amatha kutalika kwa 2 m, kunyumba amakula mumiphika. Sikoyenera kubzala panthaka, chifukwa ngakhale kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kadzakhala koopsa.
Kukula kunyumba
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, gloriosa imawoneka yochititsa chidwi. Chofunikira kuganizira ndikuti mbewuyo imazolowera nyengo yotentha komanso kuthirira yambiri nthawi yamvula, chifukwa chake sichitha kulolera chisanu. Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira maluwa, koma njira yosavuta ndiyo kugula chomera chaching'ono m'sitolo.
Mukamakula gloriosa kunyumba, pali njira yoti mubzale poyera. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhalabe kwa 25-27 madigiri, kumatha kuyikidwa mumsewu, ndikuwotcha koyamba kozizira mnyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha pamodzi ndi chotupa cha dothi komanso dothi.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunthira mbewu mumphika - izi zimachepetsa mwayi wowonongeka mizu.
Njira zofalitsira gloriosa
Mu chithunzi, gloriosa akachoka kunyumba amatha kusintha. Mtengowu umatha kukula kapena kupatsa mphukira zazing'ono zowongoka. Ngati pali maluwa amodzi pawindo, amatha kufalitsa m'njira ziwiri. Mwachilengedwe, patatha nyengo yamaluwa, mbewu zimapangidwa pamtunda wa mphukira. Amabalira pansi, mizu, ndipo chaka chotsatira amaphukira kakang'ono.
Kufalitsa kwa Tuber
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira gloriosa ndi ma rhizomes. Ndi ya zomera zobiriwira, ndipo pogawa tuber, iliyonse mwa zigawozo imakhala yayitali mphukira zazitali. Kubalana kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, nthawi yamaluwa nkuuika mu chidebe chatsopano. Ndondomeko ndi yosavuta:
- chikondacho chimachotsedwa pansi ndikuchidula ndi mpeni m'magulu angapo ofanana;
- malo odulidwa azichitira ndi makala osemedwa;
- tuber iliyonse imabzalidwa mumphika wosakanizika ndikuwaza ndi lapansi masentimita angapo;
- kuthirira kumatha kuyamba kokha ngati thumba loyamba litawonekera, ndipo zisanachitike izi mutha kuwotha mbewuyo poyiyika pamalo otentha.
Mukusintha kwanyengo ya gloriosa, mutha kuwona kuti dzungu lakale lija lapanganso timachubu tating'onoting'ono. Amangofunika kupatukana mosamala ndikuziika mumphika watsopano. Pakapita kanthawi, zimasandulika kukhala zodzala zokha.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Njira yolerera gloriosa kuchokera kumbewu ndi yayitali. Chimakula kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo ngakhale mphukira zimawonekera mwachangu, nthawi yoyamba maluwa siyibwera kale kuposa zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Komabe, ngati sizingatheke kupeza chomera kuchokera ku chomera chathanzi chathanzi, mtengo wamphesa wathunthu umatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku nthangala.
Pofalitsa mbewu, ndikofunikira kupukusa mbewuzo. Gloriosa amatanthauza maluwa omwe amadzipukusa tokha, ndipo njirayi ikhoza kuchitika kunyumba:
- ndi burashi, mungu umasinthidwa kumaluwa a chomera chomwecho;
- pambuyo maluwa maluwa adzamangidwa;
- ziyenera kusungidwa ndi kubzalidwe m'nthaka yachonde;
- musanazule mizu, ndikofunika kuwaphimba ndi galasi ndikumapumira mpweya. kusunga kutentha kosachepera madigiri 20.
Masamba ang'onoting'ono akaoneka pa mbande, mbewu zimatha kuziika m'miphika ina ndikukhazikitsa njira yothirira. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, gloriosa imakula mwachangu, koma kunyumba kutalika kwake sikuposa masentimita 50-60. Zomera zazikulu zimatha kulimidwa ngati mutengere kunja nthawi yotentha. M'chaka chachitatu, mudzatha kuwona momwe maluwa owala oyamba amawonekera.
Malangizo Akusamalira
Indoor gloriosa ndi chomera chomwe chimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Imasinthidwa kukhala malo otentha otentha osathirira koma kuthilira. Maluwa amakula bwino panthaka yachonde. Humus, kompositi, peat ndi mchenga ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi osakaniza omwe agula. Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza - ndikofunikira kuchita njirayi kumapeto kwa nthawi, pomwe mbewuyo nkuziika mumphika wokulirapo.
Pali malingaliro angapo amomwe mungakulire gloriosa yayikulu komanso yabwinobwino, ndikuyembekezeranso kutulutsa maluwa mwachangu:
- ikani mphika wamaluwa mbali yoyaka bwino, ndikuisunthira pang'ono padzuwa musanachotse chilimwe;
- nthawi yogwira ntchito imagwa kumapeto kwa masika ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe - panthawiyi maluwa amafunika kuthirira ambiri kutentha kwa firiji;
- m'dzinja, machitidwe amoyo amachedwa, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuthirira ndikukonzanso poto m'malo osayatsa;
- Gloriosa amakonda kukula mumalo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, motero mutha kupopera masamba kuchokera pa mfuti.
Gloriosa amafunikira thandizo lowonjezera, koma samazungulira, monga mbewu zina zambiri, koma amalumikizidwa ndi tinyanga, komwe kumapeto kwa mphukira. Nthambi zimayenera kumangirizidwa kuti zisagwere ndipo zisawonongeke pazokha.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mphika wa gloriosa?
Chidutswa cha duwa sichili chachikulu kwambiri, choncho poto laling'ono koma lakuya ndiloyenera. Pansi pake payenera kukhala mabowo otulutsa chinyezi chochulukirapo komanso mpweya wabwino wa mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, musanagwiritse ntchito nthaka, ndikofunikira kukonza dothi. Pazifukwa izi, ngalande zadothi zowonjezera kapena miyala yaying'ono ingachite. Chithandizo chachikulu chimayikidwa pakatikati pamphika - chomera chimatsatira ndi antennae apadera, popeza mphukira zake ndizitali komanso zopanda mphamvu zokwanira.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya gloriosa
Mu chilengedwe, palibe mitundu yopitilira 10 ya gloriosa. Pakulima nyumba, mitundu itatu yayikulu imaperekedwa. Amakula m'magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso amasangalatsidwa ndi nyumba m'miphika.
Gloriosa Wapamwamba
Gloriosa yapamwamba ndi mitundu yomwe imakonda kupezeka mwachilengedwe. Chimamera m'malo otentha, makamaka nyengo yanyontho, imatha kukwera 1.5 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Ili ndi duwa lalikulu - mphukira zake zimafikira 2 m kutalika, koma sizolimba mokwanira ndipo ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi chithandizo. Maluwa ndi akulu. pamakhala munthu amakula mpaka 8 cm. Kunja ndi kansalu, mkati mwake mtundu umasintha kuchokera ku chikaso (pafupi ndi pakati) kukhala wofiyira owala kumapeto. Dzinalo lachiwiri la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi gloriosa wokongola.
Gloriosa yosavuta
Mitundu iyi ndi yofalikira kumadera otentha a ku Africa. Mphukira zake zimakula mpaka 1.5 m, masamba ali ndi mitundu ya mitundu ya gloriosa. Maluwa si akulu, mafelemu amafikira mpaka 3-5 cm, m'munsi mulifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi 3 cm. Amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wachikasu osinthika kukhala wofiyira, wowongoka, wotere osati wobowoka mkati.
Gloriosa Rothschild
Gloriosa Rothschild ndi mtundu wina wa mbewu iyi yomwe ndi yoyenera kukula pakhomo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imakhala ndi mphukira, iliyonse yomwe imayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chithandizo. Zithunzi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chilichonse chimatha kutalika kwa 10 cm. Ndiwofiyira, wokutidwa ndi mawonekedwe ansalu, kumapeto kwake amawongoka pang'ono.
Gloriosa ndi imodzi mwazomera zochepa zomwe zimabzalidwe kunyumba. Sichosangalatsa kwenikweni pakusamalira komanso kukonzanso, ndikwanira kusunga boma labwino kwambiri ndikusintha nthaka nthawi zonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gloriosa ndi ya zipatso, ndipo maluwa oyamba amawonekera patangopita zaka zochepa mbewu zitabzalidwa. Komabe, mukamagwira ntchito yonse ndikalumikizana ndi duwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana malamulo otetezeka ndikuvala magolovesi oteteza. M'pofunikanso kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa ziweto kwa icho - mu zobiriwira misa ndi ma tubers okhala ndi poyizoni wamphamvu.
