Mitambo yochokera m'masamba oterera a pastel osalala ndi mitundu yowala imakongoletsa malo aliwonse, kaya ndi paki, alley, malo otsetsereka a mapiri a Alpine kapena dimba pabwalo lamseri. Chomera cha Rhododendron ndi cha banja la a heather, kwa nthawi yoyamba eni nyumba achingelezi adakulitsa icho, ena, posonyeza maluwa okongola, amawutcha duwa la mapiri.
Russia idalola kudzikongoletsa lokha ndi duwa ladzuwa ndi mtambo kokha m'zaka za zana la 18. Nyengo yadzikoli idawopsa wamaluwa, koma patapita nthawi zidadziwika kuti mbewuyo imamera ndikukula popanda mavuto ngati zinthu zinalengedwera.
Zojambula zokongoletsera kuchokera ku rhododendron
Gulu landings
Kubzala maluwa m'magulu a gulu, mbewu zochititsa chidwi ndizoyenera kukongoletsa malo osangalatsa, mapaki, ma alle tsindikani m'mphepete mwa njira, kapinga. Duwa limakonda malo onyowa, kotero ma rhododendrons m'matawuni omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yopanda zojambula. Kutalika ndi chisamaliro sikufuna kuchita zambiri, ndipo malo okongola amawonekera paki. Malire otsekerawo amapangidwa ndi unyinji wa maluwa.
Mukamapanga magulu okongoletsa musasakanikize zitsamba zobiriwira ndi zofanizira zamitundu. Zomera zazitali zimakhala pakati pakapangidwewo, ndipo mitundu yotsika imatsindika m'mphepete mwake. Njira yomwe amakonda opanga ndiyo kuphatikiza ma conifers okhala ndi ma rhododendrons owala. Mukamakongoletsa masheya, maudzu, amayesa kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi, yofanana muyezo. Mitundu yofiirira, yapinki ndi yoyera imakongoletsa bwino. Kapangidwe ka tchire zachikaso, lalanje ndi ofiira, zomwe zimakwaniritsa bwino mkati mwake, zimapangitsa kukhala tchuthi chowala. Zojambula za Rhododendron zikuwonetsedwa pansipa.
Yokhazikika
Tchire lokongola kufalitsa wobzalidwa yekha kukongoletsa udzu kapena kukundani mtengo wamtali. Chitsamba chokongola ngati ichi chimawoneka bwino pafupi ndi benchi, tebulo, gazebo, inhale munyumbamo. Njira yabwino yopangira ndikulima kwa ma rhododendrons m'magulu akulu akulu amaluwa kapena mumtsinje womwe umasuntha, ngati pakufunika, kukongoletsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za bwalo kapena munda.
Tchire tosiyanasiyana tomwe nthawi zambiri timamera m'mapoto osiyana, mwachitsanzo, Kusinsky rhododendron ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira. Mitundu ina imadulira kudulira kwa mafakitale, nthambi zodulidwa zimasungidwa kwa masiku 20 osataya kukongoletsa kwenikweni.
Zothandiza pazomera
Mitundu ina yamaluwa ndi yabwino kwa thupi la munthu. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu:
- Daursky;
- Caucasian;
- Wagolide
- Chikasu;
- Schlippenbach.
Zambiri zomwe zili ascorbic acid mu masamba a Rhododendron zimaloleza gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala azitsamba pakubwezeretsa chitetezo chathupi. Koma masamba a mbewu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, chifukwa ali ndi zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimapweteka thupi la munthu. Zochizira matenda a mtima, zotupa zam'mimba, khunyu, rheumatism, kulowetsedwa kwa supuni ya udzu mu kapu yamadzi otentha. Mankhwalawa, pogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, amachotsa madzimadzi mthupi, amatulutsa kugunda kwa mtima, amachepetsa kupuma, ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi chimfine.
Contraindication potenga mankhwalawo mkati
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwera mankhwalawo. Simungagwiritse ntchito chomera pofuna mankhwala:
- thupi la ana sililekerera mankhwala ochokera ku chomera;
- amayi oyembekezera samvera bwino ma decoctions ndi infusions wa maluwa;
- anthu omwe akudwala matenda a impso komanso akusintha mthupi la mankhwalawa amathandizidwa m'njira zina.
Asanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochokera ku zitsamba za Rhododendron, amafunsira dokotala kuti amupatse malangizo, ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizinawululidwe pamwambapa.
Teknoloji ya Kukula ya Rhododendron
Kubzala nthaka
Kuyamba kwa kubereka kwamaluwa kumapeto kwa kasupe, kubzala koyambirira m'nthaka kumapatsa mbewu kuti isinthe ndikuzika. Ngati mitunduyo ili ndi mizu yotsekeka, ndiye duwa inafika nthawi ina. Kuti muchite izi, konzani mabedi omwe ali ndi acidic, dothi lotayirira lomwe muli humus. Kusakaniza peat, nthaka yamasamba, singano zakugwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi, ndipo feteleza wa mchere amawonjezeredwa. Zithunzi za zomera zitha kuwonedwa pa intaneti.
Mbewuyi imabzalidwa m'maenje mpaka 70 cm mulifupi mpaka 40 cm. Chomera chimavundidwa mochepera mu dothi lolemera, pokhapokha 20 cm, pomwe dzenjelo limakulitsidwa mpaka 1.2 m. Tsambalo lisanachitike izi ladzadza ndi peat kapena gawo lapansi lomwe linakonzedweratu, pH yomwe ndi 4.0-5.0. kulima, zosakaniza zikulimbikitsidwa:
- asidi peat, dothi lokhala ndi singano ndi masamba, mchenga m'mphepete mwa 3: 3: 1;
- utuchi, peat ya asidi, mchenga wamtsinje mu yankho la 1: 2: 1;
- asidi peat, singano zophika, utuchi, mchenga wosasinthika wa 2: 1: 1: 1.
Zosakaniza zonse zimapangidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere (170-220 g pa mita ya kiyubiki), sulfure muyezo wa 50-60 g umawonjezeredwa kwa iwo. Ngati nthaka acidity ndi yosakwanira, ndiye kuti imaphatikizidwa ndi asidi osasakaniza, omwe amawonjezeredwa mu 1 ml pa 10 l yamadzi. Acetic, citric, oxalic ndi ma asidi ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito (4 g pa 10 l amadzi).
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi pama batire, omwe amawonjezeredwa ndi 20 ml ya malita 10 a madzi, ndi koyenera ngati othandizira. Kuphatikiza pa acid, ma electrolyte amakhala ndi sulufule, omwe amalemeretsa nthaka. Osabzala mbewu mu peat wamba kapena osakaniza peat ndi singano. Izi ndi wowongoletsa chinyezi ku mizu. Asanabzidwe m'nthaka, gawo lam'munsi la chomera limayikidwa m'chiwiya ndi madzi ndikuyembekeza nthawi kufikira mabulangeti amlengalenga atatulukira kumtunda, pambuyo pa njirayi, chitsamba ndi chokonzeka kubzala.
Malo okula
Oimira mitundu ya Yellow, Japan, Schlippenbach padzuwa lamphamvu pakati komanso madera akumwera amawotchedwa, chifukwa chake amaphimbidwa ndi zishango kumbali yamayendedwe achindunji. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kutentha, koma zimawopa mphepo - Yovuta, Yopinki ndi yaku Canada mutatha chilimwe, koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira kuyenera kutetezedwa ndi nyumba zopangidwa mwaluso kuzungulira mitsinje yamadzi ozizira. Malo abwino obzala zitsamba ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa malo otsetsereka ku Russia ndi Ukraine.
Kumpoto kwa nyengo yozizira yobzalidwa Chomera chosagwirizana ndi chisanu: Peaked, Ledebour, Daursky, Sikhotinsky, amatha kuzizira kupirira kutentha mpaka madigiri 40 pansi pa ziro.
Simungakhale ndi Rhododendron pafupi ndi lindens, mapu, zifuwa, mabatani, msondodzi, kubzala koteroko kumasokoneza kukula kwamaluwa. Mitengoyi imayamwa chinyontho m'nthaka, chitsamba, popanda kulandira chinyezi chokwanira, chidzafa. Malo oyandikana nawo kwambiri ndi mitengo yobzala mitengo kapena zipatso, koma nduwira zake siziyenera kubisa Rhododendron.
Maluwa amakula bwino panthaka yonyowa, koma chinyezi chowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, m'malo okhala phokoso, chimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lotayira. Mabasi amabzalidwa m'mabedi okwera, ngati pali choopseza cha kusefukira kwa masika komanso kusefukira kwamderali. Kutalika pamwamba pamadzi kumayenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm, m'mphepete mwa mabedi amakhazikitsidwa ndi miyala, pakati pake omwe maluwa otuwa amawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Chisamaliro
Ngati kuletsa ndikolondola paukadaulo, ndiye kuti kusamalira chomera sikudzakhala kovuta. Yaikulu ndi kuthirira koyenera. Ikani madzi ofewa, osakhala ndi mchere wambiri wosungunuka. Kuchotsa udzu kuzungulira tchire kumachitika mosamala, amakoka. Zida zomasuka sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuti zisawononge mizu yapafupi.
Amadyetsa chitsamba mu Meyi ndi June; kuthirira, amagwiritsa ntchito mayankho amadzimadzi amadzimadzi opangira zinthu zamtunduwu. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngolo yapamwamba ya Kemira yodziwika bwino, yomwe zida zake zowuma zimayikidwa pansi pa chitsamba. Pamapeto pa nyengo yodyetsa, mu khumi omaliza a Juni, mbewuyo imamwetsedwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu sulfate. Ku ndowa ya madzi ofunda firiji Kuphwanya supuni ya feteleza. Kuchuluka kumeneku ndikwaniritsa kuthirira kwa mita imodzi ya malo obzala achinyamata. Zomera zazikulu zimathiriridwa ndi madzi osungunuka mu 2 tbsp. l potaziyamu sulfate. Pakadali pano, nthawi yofunsira feteleza imatha.
Kudulira rhododendron kuti musinthe kulima ndikusankha, koma kumachitika ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa tchire mutango maluwa. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, amachotsa mizu yosafunikira komanso mphukira zokulirapo, ndipo nthambi zowuma ndi zowonongeka zimadulidwa kuti zichokere. Kudulira kokongola tchire kumachedwetsa kuonekera kwa maluwa oyamba, ndipo kumachepetsa kukula. Mitundu yomwe ikukula mwachangu imalola kudulira. Zampera zokha Zomera zimachotsedwa ndikumakhala ndi masamba a axillary, opaleshoni imathandizira kukula ndikusunga maluwa obiriwira pazaka zotsatirazi.
Ubwino wamadzi
Mitengo yachilengedwe yamapiri imawonetsa kuti chomera chimakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi masamba ndi maluwa. Rhododendron iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala, koma pang'ono. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi acidity yamadzi othirira, osapitilira mtengo wa 4-5. Madzi amtsinje ofunda kwa firiji kapena madzi otumphuka mvula ikakhala yoyenera pazifukwa izi. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a artesian kapena pompopompo wokhala ndi mchere wokhala ndi magnesium ndi calcium kumachepetsa nthaka ndipo tchire limasowa maonekedwe okongola.
Kuti Rhododendron ipange ndikusangalatsa diso ndi maluwa okongola, madzi acidified amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira:
- asidi wa citric amadzipereka mu magalamu a 3-4 pa 10 malita a madzi;
- theka la kapu ya viniga imayikidwa mu ndowa;
Kuthirira mwamphamvu kumachulukitsidwa nthawi yamaluwa. M'dzinja louma lopanda mvula, mbewuyo imathiriridwa madzi ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyengo yachisanu izikhala yabwino. Mu nyengo yadzuwa yotentha ndi yotentha, rhododendron imathiridwa madzi othirira, kuyesera kuti dzuwa lisagwere pamasamba nthawi ino.
Kufalikira kwa tchire
Chomera chosalemekeza kwambiri mwa kubereka, chimachitika ndi njere, nthambi, Ankalumikiza, kugawa, kudula. Mbewu zobzalidwa panthaka, ngati zingagwere ngakhale sentimita imodzi, mbewuyo singakule. Mphukira zimawonekera patchire masiku 12-20, zomwe zimatengera mbewu zamitundumitundu, zomwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakatuluka dzuwa ndi kumera.
Mphukira zikaoneka, mphukira zimasungidwira m'zotengera zosiyana, zimathandizira kuyendetsa muzu kuti mizu ikhale pomwepo. Kutsirira kumachitika kudzera mu gululi kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kenako ndikuphimba ndi zombo zagalasi kuti tisunge chinyontho cha dziko lapansi mchipinda. Kangapo patsiku, zipewa zagalasi zimachotsedwa kuti zisawononge. Matanki okhala ndi mbande amayikidwa pamalo owala, koma osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa. M'chaka choyamba cha kukula, mbande zimatalika mpaka 5 cm, mitundu ina imapereka nthambi.
Maluwa omwe amayembekezeka kwa nthawi yayitali imayamba zaka 3 mpaka 10 kuchokera pa kubzala, nthawi yowonekera masamba imadalira zosiyanasiyana. Ngati tikulankhula za kugawa kwam'mera, ndiye kuti maluwa akutuluka kale mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu, mizu ya kudula imayamba mu 1.5-2 miyezi. Mizu ya kuduladula ndi kukula kwachangu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuthirira koyenera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kutentha ndi chisamaliro. Kuyika kwa kudula kumene kumachitika m'dzinja. Zidutswa zimabisala firiji ya 5 ° C, mwachitsanzo, m'malo ophimbidwa kapena malo obiriwira.
Chapakatikati amakwiririka m'nthaka, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe ali odziwika bwino a rhododendrons. Kuyala kumapereka zitsamba zochepa, komanso zochepa zomwe zimapezeka ndikugawa chitsamba. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa malo ambiri m'munda kapena paki, ndiye kufalitsa ndi mbewu ndikofunikira. Katemera, zitsamba pachitsamba chimodzi zimatha kudziwa maluwa akutuluka mithunzi yosiyanasiyana.
Zomera zachisanu
Mitundu ina yowola ya rhododendron amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yozizira kwambiri ndipo osafunanso malo ogona nthawi yachisanu. Kukulani khosi la chitsamba. Ma Rhododendrons obiriwira amakhala pobisalira, nthawi yozizira samazizira monga momwe amauma, motero amafunika kutetezedwa ndi mphepo ndi dzuwa. Tsegulani mbewu mutatha kutentha ndi kusenda nthaka.
Kuti azikongoletsa bwalo laling'ono labwinobwino, tchire lotukuka limapezeka mu sitolo, lomwe limamera bwino ndikubweretsa chisangalalo chamaluwa mchaka choyamba.
