Ndikubwera kwa mitundu yozizira-yolimba, mphesa zimapezeka kwambiri m'minda ya zipatso komanso nyumba zamalimwe nthawi yayitali. Mdani wamkulu wazikhalidwe pano ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tikuthana ndi timene timathandizira pokonza mphesa mu kasupe ndi sulfate yamkuwa.
Vuto lalikulu la owonjezera vinyo ku Russia ndizosakwanira nthawi yotentha. Chapakatikati, mpesa, womwe udzutsidwa kuchokera nthawi yozizira, umatha kugwa mozizira. Poterepa, masamba ophukira ndi masamba ndi inflorescence yama inflorescence amavutika. Hafu yachiwiri ya chilimwe m'malo ambiri amayaka ndi kutentha masana, ndipo usiku umatsitsimuka.
Kusiyana kwa kutentha, komanso kuyamba kwa mvula ndi mame, zimathandizira kukulitsa microflora ya fungal, yomwe yasankha mphesa ngati imodzi mwazovuta zake.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zamkuwa zamkuwa mu viticulture
Mphesa zanthete ku chilimwe okhalamo zimawonedwa ngati zovuta kubzala chikhalidwe. Koma munthu akhoza kutsutsana ndi mawuwa ngati wina angagwiritse ntchito mwaluso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Sipate yamkuwa ya mphesa ndi mankhwala okhazikika komanso othandizira popewa komanso kuwonongeka kwa bowa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa sulfate mu viticulture kumalumikizidwa ndi:
- kupezeka kwa mankhwala:
- ndi ntchito yake yayikulu yotsatsira;
- ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito othandizira komanso prophylactic othandizira.
Zopindulitsa zomwe zimapangidwira mafakisoni akhala akuwonedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, komabe, limodzi ndi izi, opanga mavinyo adazindikira kuopsa kokumba mphesa ndi mkuwa sulfate mu kasupe. Mukakhala m'nthaka, mchere wamkuwa ungathe kudziunjikira, kuchepetsa chonde ndi zipatso zobzala. Kuphatikiza apo, acidity yowonjezereka ya phukusi imayambitsa kupsa pamazira ndi mazira, kuwononga zipatso za mphesa.
Masiku ano, pamaziko a mkuwa wa sulfate, zinthu zingapo zoteteza chomera zidapangidwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kuwopsa kwa makemikolo, koma osazipatula pazomwe zimayambitsa fungicidal.
Komabe, mkuwa wa sulfate sunatayike. Ngati mumatsatira miyeso ya mkuwa sulfate mukakonza mphesa mu kasupe, komanso miyezo yachitetezo, kupopera mbewu pamizereyo kumakupatsani mphamvu zomwe mukufuna ndikuthandizani kuti mukolole zochuluka.
Madeti a kasupe pokonza mphesa ndi sulfate yamkuwa
Copper sulfate popanda zina zowonjezera mphamvu yake yama asidi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira kapena yophukira, pomwe masamba obiriwira, maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira sangawonongeke. Pankhaniyi, yankho la ufa wabuluu limakonzedwa mosamalitsa kutsatira malangizowo, ndipo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikubwerezedwanso pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'nthaka.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphesa ndi mkuwa wamchere mu kasupe? Mphindi yabwino kwambiri ya izi kum'mwera chakum'mwera imadza mkatikati mwa Marichi, pamene mpesa umadzuka pambuyo pokuta. Nthawi yakumpoto kuti ikonzedwe imasankhidwa potengera nyengo ndi nyengo, komanso nthawi yomwe mphesa zimachotsedwa pobisalira. Ndikofunika kuti mankhwala alowe mu chomera pomwe palibe msipu.
Mukapopera mbewu, masamba achichepere samangokhala pangozi kuti awotchedwe, komanso amatchinga kulowa mbali zonse za korona.
Kubwereza chithandizo, masamba akapitirira kutupa komanso gawo loyambirira la maluwa, ndibwino kuti musachite madzi a Bordeaux, koma mkuwa weniweni. Poterepa, laimu yosenda imapangitsa kuti mchere uzikhala wowopsa. Burgundy madzi, omwe amakhala ndi mayankho a mkuwa wa sulfate ndi phulusa la koloko, ali ndi zofanana.
Musanagwiritse mphesa ndi mkuwa m'malimwe, zotsalira zamasamba zimachotsedwa pansi pa mipesa, momwe mabakiteriya, tizirombo, komanso mitundu yambiri ya bowa imatha nthawi yozizira. Ndikofunika kumasula dothi losanjikiza ndikulitaya ndi yankho la fungicide mu ndende yotetezeka kwa mbewu.
Kuyesereraku sikugwira ntchito pachabe. Mankhwalawa ndibwino kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, makamaka owopsa pakukweza zipatso. Koma bwanji ngati mawanga a bulauni kapena yoyera yofewa ya matenda ofota ikawoneka kumapeto kale?
Kodi ndizotheka kupopera mphesa ndi sulfure wamkuwa nthawi yotentha? Mwanjira yake yoyenera, mankhwalawa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo nkotheka kukonza mpesawo ndi Bordeaux madzi mpaka masabata osachepera 3-4 atatsala kutola maburashi.
Momwe mungaberekere sulfate yamkuwa kuti mupopera mbewu zam'mphesa
Pakulima dothi ndi mpesa gwiritsani ntchito yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate powerengetsa magalamu 50-100 a ufa pa 10 malita a madzi. Kudulira mwaukhondo kwa tchire kumachitika nthawi zonse ndipo zatsalira zonse ndi zitsamba zonse zomwe zimachotsedwa zimachotsedwa pansi pawo. Buluu la buluu limasungunuka pang'ono madzi, kenako madzi amtambo wa buluu amadziwitsidwa, ndikubweretsa chidwi.
Kuti muziphatika bwino pamatanda ndi dothi, 100-150 magalamu ochapira pansi kapena sopo wamadzi amawonjezeranso madzi.
Yankho silikulimbikitsidwa kuti lisungidwe. Chifukwa chake, musanabadwe mkuwa wa sulfate yothira mphesa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawo apereka zotsatira zomwe akufuna. Kuthirira kwa tchire kumachitika nyengo yowuma, yopanda kutentha kuti:
- kunyezimira kwa dzuwa sikunadzetse nkhuni ndi masamba;
- Mvula sinatsuke mankhwala omwe amapaka mbewuzo.
Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa kumayamba patatha maola 2-4 mutatha kuthirira ndipo, pakulimbikitsa, kumapitilira sabata ziwiri.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka mu kasupe pokonza mphesa ndi sulfate yamkuwa kuphatikiza ndi laimu. Njira yotereyi imatchedwa Bordeaux fluid ndipo ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa njira yodziwika bwino. Kukonzekera kwa fungicide kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Vitriol ndi laimu amasungunuka mosiyana ndi wina ndi mzake mu zakudya zopanda zakudya, zopanda zitsulo. Mayankho okonzeka amaphatikizidwa, omwe amasunthidwa nthawi zonse, kenako amayimirira kwa maola 3-4 ndikusefa. kukonza kumachitika ndi kutentha kwa 15 mpaka 25 ° C.
Pakukonzekera masika ndi nyengo yachisanu ya mpesa ndi nthaka pansi pake, mapangidwe atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati tikulankhula za kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi yakula, zomwe zimagwira mu madzi zimatsitsidwa mpaka 1%.
Kanema wonena za kukonza mphesa mu kasupe ndi sulfate yamkuwa imathandizira kuphunzira njirayi, kudziwana ndiukadaulo wosakanikirana mayankho kuti mutsimikizire kukolola bwino komanso kupewa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika.
