Okonda zodzikongoletsera kwambiri amayesa kudzipatula pawokha mitundu yawo yomwe amakonda. Begonia ndiofala kwambiri akamakula kunyumba.
Maluwa ake owala amatha kukondweretsa diso kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukongoletsa pabalaza. Amayi ambiri kunyumba ali ndi nkhawa ndimafunso, momwe angakulire begonia, momwe angafalikire? Pazakuwonetsa komanso njira zofalitsira maluwa otchuka awa, timaphunzirapo kanthu.
Zithunzi za kukula kwa maluwa a begonia
Munthawi zathu zanyengo, begonia poyera imatha kukula nyengo yotentha. Makamaka iye wamkulu kunyumba pazenera, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha.
Ambiri okonda begonia amakulitsanso. pamaluwa otsegukaAlpine roller coaster. Ndi nyengo yozizira, imayikidwanso m'nyumba.
Chiwerengero chonse cha mitundu ya begonia ndi pafupifupi 1,000, mwa iwo alipo pachaka komanso osatha. Mtengowo ndi wa mtundu wa Begoniaceae, womwe mu mawonekedwe a gawo la mlengalenga ukhoza kukhala:
- herbaceous zomera;
- theka-shrub;
- zitsamba zosalemedwa.
Mtundu wa evergreen ndiwokongola osati mtundu wake wamtchire. Mitundu yake yowala ya inflorescence ndi maonekedwe a masamba amatha kudabwitsa wolima aliyense. Makulidwe a begonias amakhalanso osiyanasiyana modabwitsa.
Chaching'ono kwambiri chimatha kukula mpaka masentimita angapo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonias yomwe imafikira mamita atatu.
Begonia ndi maluwa okongoletsa komanso masamba okongoletsera. Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwawo, obereketsa anayamba kusiya mitundu yatsopano yophatikiza kutengera ndi tuber begonia. Pambuyo pake, mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu idayamba kuwonekera.
Kusamalira maluwa
Wokongoletsera wokhala ndi maluwa okongoletsa amakonda kuyatsa kwabwino, koma kopanda dzuwa. Begonias amachokera kumalo otentha, motero amakonda chikondi. Amakhala womasuka 20-25. zaC, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti matenthedwe samagwa pansi +15 zaC.
Maluwa ayenera kutetezedwa dzuwa mwachindunjikupanga kuwala kosasangalatsa. Kupanda kutero, zitha kuyambitsa kuyaka pa nkhuni zolimba panthawi yotentha. Amakhulupirira kuti ndibwino kuyika miphika ndi begonias kumadzulo kapena kumawa kwa chipindacho.
Zithirira mbewu zimafunika madzi ofunda, ataima, ndipo chinyezi mchipindacho chizikhala 60%. Mlingo wofunikira chinyezi ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndikuyika muli pafupi ndi madzi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chinyontho.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Kuthirira mbewu ndikofunikira pamene dothi lomwe lili mumphikamo ndi louma masentimita 1-2. Maluwa samayankha bwino kuthirira kwambiri ndipo amatha kufa ngati amangothiriridwa mopitirira muyeso.
Ndikofunika kuti panthawi yothirira chinyezi sichigwera pamasamba, omwe kuyambira izi amayamba kupweteka ndikusowa. Amamwe madzi pansi pa muzu kapena pallet.
Begonia nthawi yamaluwa komanso mtundu usanayambe umayankha bwino pakuvala. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi feteleza zovuta kamodzi pamwezi pa zokongoletsera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pofuna kukongoletsa deciduous ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, popeza kuvala kwamtunduwu kwamtunduwu kudzathandizira kukula kwa yowutsa mudyo komanso yobiriwira.
Momwe mungasamalire chomera munyengo ya matalala
A begonias amakhala ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana zopumira, zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu. Imatha kuwoneka ndikuwumitsa masamba ndikuyigwetsa pakapita nyengo. Pakadali pano, begonia amafunika kupuma. Kusowa kwake madzi ochepa, komanso onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa ziwalo zonse zowuma mlengalenga.
Ndikofunika kuyika mphika wamaluwa m'malo otetezeka ndi kutentha kwa 10-12 zaC ndipo sindinamwetsanso kamodzi pamwezi. Kwenikweni, nthawi yopuma ya begonias wobiriwira nthawi zonse imagwera nyengo yozizira. Pakubzala, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dothi losakaniza ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- 1 gawo la mchenga.
- 1 mbali chernozem.
- 1 mbali peat.
- 2-3 magawo a tsamba lamasamba.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala wonyowa pang'ono komanso wopepuka. Kuwaza zitha kuchitidwa munthawi yotentha, pomwe chomera chikufunika tankini yowala kwambiri.
Begonia - kuswana
Pa alimi a maluwa, begonias amagawidwa m'magulu awiri - kwambiri ndi mizu. Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira maluwa amkati:
Mbewu.- Tsinde kudula.
- Zabwino.
- Tubers.
- Mwa chinsalu.
Mbewu.Tsopano ndikofunika kukhazikika mwatsatanetsatane pa aliyense waiwo kuti mudziwe momwe begonia ingachulukire molondola. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pamtundu uliwonse wa begonias muyenera kusankha njira yanu yobala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yolerera, muyenera kudziwa kuti kasupe ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri pa njirayi. Popeza kukongola koteroko m'masitolo sikotsika mtengo, kumatha kufalitsidwa mosavuta m'njira yabwino kunyumba.
Gawoli la Tuber
Njira iyi, yodziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi a maluwa. Tuber ogaŵikana m'magawo angapo kotero kuti aliyense ali ndi impso. Ikani odulawo ayenera owazidwa ndi phulusa.
Pobzala, nthaka yothinitsidwa yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe tuber imatsitsidwa pansi. Kupitilira apo, mitsuko yokhala ndi tuber imakutidwa ndi kanema ndikuyiyika m'malo ounikira mchipindacho.
Pakapita kanthawi, tuberyo imazika mizu kenako mizu, kenako filimuyo ikachotsedwa, ndipo begonia imayilidwa mumphika wosankhidwa bwino kuti udutse maluwa.
Kufalikira kwa masamba odulidwa
Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa iwo amene akufuna kupeza zinthu zambiri zobzala momwe angathere. Njira yofalitsira za begonia imafunikira kusamalidwa mosamala. Musanayambe, muyenera kudula tsamba lathanzi komanso lamphamvu.
Imayikidwa pagalasi, ndipo m'mphepete mwake imakonzedwa popanda kukhudza mitsempha yamtundu. Tsamba lotsala ligawidwa m'mabwalo ndipo choviikidwa mumchenga ndi peat kapena mchenga. Pambuyo masiku 15-20, ayenera kuzika mizu.
Chidebe chokhala ndi mbande chikuyenera kuphimbidwa ndipo nthawi yonseyi sichigwira. Zikangowoneka mphukira, pogona ndikutha kuchotsedwa, mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira kuthandizidwa. Kenako pobisalira amayikidwanso. Njira yofalitsira matenda a begonia ndiyabwino kwambiri duwa lokhala ndi phesi.
Tsinde kudula. Njira iyi ndi yoyenera kwa chitsamba begonias. Phesi lokhala ndi masamba awiri limatengedwa, magawo awiri amapangidwira. Chidutswa chimodzi chizikhala pamwamba ndipo china pansi.
Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa theka lalikulu masamba odulidwa. Zoyenera kutero kuphimba ndi mbale zowonekera kapena polyethylene. Pogona amachotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zodulidwazo zitha kupuma.
Momwe mungafalitsire mbeu za begonia
Kwa olimi osadziwa zambiri, njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa imafunikira chidziwitso, luso komanso kupirira. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso khama kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.
Zimaona ngati nthawi yabwino kwambiri pachaka kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhala ndi thanki yapadera komanso dothi losakaniza. Iyenera kupangidwa ndi mchenga, nthaka ndi peat.
Kuti iwo bwino komanso bwino anakwera amafunikira pangani mikhalidwe inaomasuka pa chitukuko:
- kutentha pang'ono;
- kuchuluka kwa chinyezi;
- kuwala kwa tsiku
Mutabzala mbewu, dothi limasakaniza ziyenera kukhala zonyowa kuchokera mfuti yafuka. Muthanso kumiza mbale ndi zinthu zodzala mumtsuko wamadzi. Madzi afikire pakati. Kupeza chinyezi kumathandizira bwino kumera.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi madzi muchinyontho, kenako chidebe chokhala ndi njere chimachotsedwa m'madzi. Mutha kusunga chinyezi chambiri mothandizidwa ndi pogona lopangidwa ndi galasi. Zinyalala zokhala ndi mbande ziyenera kuyikika pamalo owala, koma osati pamalo dzuwa, kupewa kupukuta panthaka.
Pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera, pogona chimachotsedwa, ndipo thankiyo imayikidwa m'malo abwino. Mphukira zazing'ono ndizofunikanso kudyetsa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Kuti mumize mbande, osakaniza ndi mchenga, peat ndi sheet sheet amasankhidwa.
Mbande amafuna kusamalira mosamala, amachotsedwa mosamala muchidebecho ndikuchisintha ku mbale zakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo kuti zisawononge mizu. Bowo limapangidwa ndi khomalo lakuya pomwe mbandezo zidamera musanagwire.
Mtunda uyenera kukhala wosachepera 2,5 cm pakati pawo. Mukatha kuuchotsa, nthaka ndikuthirira ndipo mbande zimayikidwa pamalo otentha komanso owira. Ndikubwera masamba angapo, mbande zitha kuziika mumapoto osiyana.
