Chomera cham'madzi chotentha Ardisia (Ardisia) ndi nthumwi ya subfamily Mirsinovye (Myrsinoideae) wa banja Primrose (Primulaceae). Chomera ichi m'chilengedwe chimatha kupezeka ku South ndi North America, Australia, Asia, komanso kuzilumba za Pacific Ocean. Komabe, imakonda kukula malo otentha komanso madera otentha.
Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 500 (malinga ndi zolembedwa zina, mitundu 800). Ardizia amaimiridwa ndi zitsamba, mitengo ndi zitsamba. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mitundu ya Ardisia japonica ndi imodzi mwazomera makumi asanu azachipatala azikhalidwe zaku China. Monga chomera chokongoletsera, mtundu wa Ardisia crenata (Ardisia crenata), womwe umatchedwanso "mabulosi a Khrisimasi" kapena "mtengo wamakhola", umakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zina ardiziya
M'mitundu yambiri ya ardisia, mapepala amtundu wachikopa omwe amakhala osalala. Pa mphukira, amaikidwa mosiyanasiyana kapena gawo la mafinya a pseudo, omwe ali pamalangizo a zimayambira. Kwa ma pepala am'munsi, m'mphepete amatha kukhala otumphuka, okhazikika kapena serata. Mabakiteriya nthawi zina amapezeka m'mphepete mwa masamba, ndipo olimawo ambiri amawatengera chizindikiro cha matendawa. M'matumba amenewa mumakhala mabakiteriya okonza nitrogen omwe amathandiza chitsamba kutulutsa nayitrogeni, komanso zinthu zina zofunikira zomwe zimakhala m'mlengalenga. Kutupa uku sikuyenera kudulidwa kapena kuvulazidwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi, kukula kwa ardisia kumakulirakulira. Masiku ano, asayansi akufufuza njira yomwe masamba amasungirako zakudya zamitundu mitundu, chifukwa maluwa ambiri obiriwira kunyumba amatchuka pakuyeretsa mpweya mchipinda. Kuphatikiza apo, osati kale kwambiri, asayansi adapeza kuti mu chomera ichi komanso thanzi kudzera pamizu limapezeka mwafanizo ndi bowa omwe ali ndi endomycorrhiza. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira ndikusintha Ardisia mosamala kwambiri, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yopatsirana, ndikuyesera kuti musavulaze mizu, ndipo muyenera kuigwiritsa ndi mtanda. Kuthana ndi mizu ndi madzi pakufalikira koletsedwa. Popeza chomera ichi chimakhala ndi zinthu zotere, chitha kudalilidwa mchidebe chimodzi popanda kusintha zaka zingapo.
Panicle kapena maambulera inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali ndi manda 4-5 amtundu wobiriwira, komanso belu corolla, yomwe imakhala ndi 4 kapena 5 petals ndi stamens (nthawi zonse pali zochuluka monga momwe zilili ndi petals).
Kukongoletsa kwakukulu kwambiri kwa mbewu yotereyi ndi zipatso zake. Ku chipinda cha Ardisia crenata kumakulamo madontho ena ochepa a utoto wofiirira. Zipatso zimamera mu Disembala ndipo sizigwa mchaka kwa miyezi ingapo. Mukasamalira ardisia molondola, ndiye kuti zipatso zake zimapanga chaka chonse.
Kusamalira ardisia kunyumba
Maluwa ambiri omwe amabzala kunyumba satenga mizu, ngakhale atayang'aniridwa molondola. Komabe, nthawi zina izi zimachitika chifukwa chomera chomwe mwapeza sichabwino. Ndipo monga lamulo, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti duwa lili pamalo pake osayenera.
Kupepuka
Ardizia imafunikira kuwala kowala kwambiri, koma sikulimbikitsidwa kuti dzuwa lowonekera liwoneke kuthengo. Ngati mbewuyo imayima pazenera la kumwera, ndiye kuti m'chilimwe imayenera kusinthidwa. Motere, kwa ardiziya ayenera kusankha zenera lomwe lili kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa chipindacho.
Mitundu yotentha
Chomera chanyumba ichi chimamera bwino pa kutentha wamba. M'chilimwe, kutentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 18-26 degrees. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsanso kuyikonzanso m'malo abwino (kuyambira madigiri 14 mpaka 16). Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi yozizira pamakhala mphukira itayikidwa, yomwe imachitika pa kutentha kwa madigiri 14 mpaka 18. Ngati nthawi yozizira chitsamba chidzafunda, ndiye kuti maluwa ake ndi ochepa. Mu chipinda chotentha, zipatsozo zimaphwa ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka mwachangu. Komabe duwa lotere liyenera kutetezedwa ku zozizira.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Maluwa amafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. Mutha kunyowetsa chomeracho chomera pogwiritsa ntchito madzi pofunda firiji. Komabe, kupopera mbewu tchire nthawi yamaluwa ndikukhazikitsa zipatso sikofunikira kwenikweni. Ndi chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, zipatso zochepa zimapangidwa kapena zimatha.
Momwe mungamwere
M'chilimwe, pamasiku otentha, kuthilira maluwa kumayenera kukhala kochulukirapo mukangomaliza kupindika kwamtengowo. Panthawi yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ngati madziwo asamira pachidutswa, izi zimapangitsa kuti masamba aphedwe komanso kufa kwa chitsamba. Ngati masamba pachomera ndiofewetsa, izi zikutanthauza kuti amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi mwachangu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pa kukula kwakukulu, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ardisia katatu pa mwezi, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta. M'nyengo yozizira, kudya konse kumayima.
Kudulira
Kudulira kwamphamvu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya masika. Duwa logulidwa mchipinda limayamba kukula kwambiri. Kusamalira bwino chitsamba, iyenera kudulidwamo mwadongosolo kasupe maluwa asanayambe.
Momwe mungasinthire
Kuthamangitsidwa kwa toyesa achinyamata kumachitika kamodzi pachaka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopatsirana, ndipo muyenera kuyesa kuvulaza mizu. Chitsamba chokulirapo chikuyenera kuchotsedwera pokhapokha mphamvu yake itakhala yolimba kwambiri. Poto watsopano uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mizu ya chomera. Musaiwale kupanga chosanjikiza pansi pa mphika. Mukabzala ardisia mumphika wokulirapo, muyenera kukonzekera kuti singadzaphuke kwanthawi yayitali.
Dothi
Chikhalidwe chotere sichimapatsa zofunika zapadera zosakanikirana ndi dothi. Komabe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gawo loyera lomwe limalola mpweya wabwino kupenyerera. Ardizia amakula bwino mu chisakanizo cha peat, dziko lapansi ndi mchenga. Gawo laling'ono lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchokera pang'ono zamchere mpaka acidic pang'ono. Akatswiri amalangizira kuwonjezera sphagnum, tizinthu tating'onoting'ono ta makala ndi ufa wocheperako wa coconut ku gawo lapansi.
Maluwa ndi zipatso
Ardizia limamasula kasupe kapena masabata oyamba chilimwe. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewuyo imayenera kukhala ndi kuwala kokwanira, komanso kuyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi, onetsetsani kuti dothi losakanizika silikuuma. Ngati dothi liuma kapena chitsamba chikakomoka, izi zimapangitsa kuti masamba awonekere. Kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Disembala, kucha zipatso zazing'ono (zipatso za mtundu umodzi) zimawonedwa. Ngati zinthu zili bwino, zipatsozo sizing'ambike kwa nthawi yoposa chaka. Izi zipatso sizikudya, koma zilibe poizoni.
Kubala kwa Ardisia
Mutha kufalitsa ardisia ndi zodula kapena mbewu zatsopano ndikuchita izi kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena chilimwe.
Momwe mungakulire kuchokera pa mbewu
Kubzala mbewu zopangidwa mu Januwale. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani zipatso zazikulu kucha, m'mimba mwake zomwe zimafikira pafupifupi 10 mm. Thupi liyenera kuchotsedwa zipatso, ndikutulutsa fupa lozungulira lokhala ndi mitsempha ya utoto wowala. Bzalani mu dothi lonyowa, ndikukulitsa mbewu ndi 10 mm. Mpaka nyengo yamasika isanachitike, mbewu siziyenera kusungidwa, chifukwa zimataya msanga mphamvu yake. Musaiwale kuphimba chiwiya ndi filimu kapena galasi. Mbande zoyambirira zimayenera kuonekera pakatha masiku 40. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti mbewu zimere, chidebe chake chimayenera kuyikidwa pamalo otentha (kuchokera madigiri 25 ndi pamwamba).
Chomera chikakula, chizikulungidwa m'zotengera zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi gawo laling'ono lomwe limapangira mbewu zamkati. Zimatenga zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu kuti mbandezo zikhale zomera zowoneka bwino.
Akatswiri amalangizira kuti asanabzale mafupawo kuti achepetse kufooka (osungidwa pang'ono), kenako amizidwa kwa maola angapo mu yankho la kukula kolimbikitsa othandizira.
Kudula
Kuti tipeze chitsamba chachikulire, ardisia iyenera kufalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa. Nsonga za tsinde ndizokhazikitsidwa, chifukwa gwiritsani ntchito miphika yaying'ono. Kukula kwa mizere ndi njira yayitali, pomwe akufunika kupereka chinyezi chambiri, ndipo gawo lapansi silikhala lozizira kuposa madigiri 25. Asanadzalemo zodulira mizu, amathandizidwa ndi chida chomwe chimalimbikitsa mapangidwe.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ma nsabwe, michere ndi mphutsi zimatha kukhala pa ardisia, ndipo matenda a fungus amathanso kuzikhudza. Nthawi zambiri chimakhudzidwa ndi chlorosis, chifukwa chitsamba chiyenera kudyetsedwa mwadongosolo ndi feteleza wokhala ndi chitsulo.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
- Udzu umasanduka wachikaso. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wouma kwambiri kapena chifukwa chosowa michere munthaka (nthawi zambiri nitrogen). Kuti muchepetse chikaso, utsi ndi kudyetsa chitsamba. Kuika kungafunike.
- Zimayambira, masamba amayamba kuzimiririka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa kuwala, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Kuti athetse vutoli m'nyengo yozizira, duwa liyenera kuyikidwa pazenera loyang'ana kum'mwera, ndipo nthawi yotentha, limasunthidwa mumsewu.
- Zomera. Izi zimachitika pamene kuthilira sikusokonekera kapena kusayenda kwamadzi mu gawo lapansi.
- Udzu umakula kwambiri ndikuwonongeka ndi chlorosis. Izi ndichifukwa chosowa chitsulo. Maluwa adzafunika kudyetsedwa ndi chelates achitsulo.
- Mphepete kapena masamba a masamba amatembenukira bulauni. Chifukwa chochepa chinyezi. Yesani kukulitsa chinyezi, chifukwa cha ichi chinyezi chimathandiza kwambiri.
- Mawonekedwe a bulauni amawoneka pamasamba masamba. Ichi ndi chisonyezo cha nthenda ya bakiteriya yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha chinyezi champhamvu kwambiri komanso kusokosera kwa madzi mu gawo lapansi.
7. Ma pepala opindika opindika okhala ndi malire a bulauni. Chipindacho chimazizira kwambiri kapena chomera chadziwika. Zitha kutero chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri usiku.
Mitundu ya Ardisia
Ardisia cricata (Ardisia crenata)
Mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri alimi a maluwa. Tchire limadziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutalika kwake sikapitirira masentimita 200. Mapepala amtundu wonyezimira amtambo amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa WAvy komanso mtundu wobiriwira. M'malo mwa maluwa omwe amatha kukhala opinki kapena oyera, matumba ofiira a coral nthawi yachisanu. Kubala kumatha kupitilira chaka chonse.
Ardisia popotana (Ardisia crispa)
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0.6-0.8 mamita.Mbale za masamba obiriwira obiriwira zimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa WAvy. Maluwa ake ndi abwino kwambiri. Ambiri maluwa oyera amapangika pamitengo, pomwe pa mphukira za chaka cham'mbuyomu pamakhalabe zipatso zamitundu yofiira.
Ardisia low (Ardisia humilis)
Kukula kwa thengo kulibe kocheperako poyerekezera ndi kaphiri kakang'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mapepala achikopa, opakidwa utoto wobiriwira wamdima, kumatha kusintha masentimita 5 mpaka 15. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo otuwa kwambiri amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki. Poyamba, zipatsozo zimapakidwa utoto wofiirira, koma pakapita nthawi zimakhala zakuda komanso zonyezimira.
Ardisia solanacea (Ardisia solanacea)
Mphukira za kuthengo ndi zofiira, ndipo masamba amtundu wautoto wonyezimira sakutalikirana ngati a ardisia otsika komanso opindika. Pansi pazachilengedwe, mtunduwu ndi mtengo, kutalika kwake ndi 1.5-6 mamita. Maluwa amapentedwa utoto wotchedwa lilac kapena mtundu wa pinki, sikuti amaimira phindu lililonse lokongoletsa. M'malo mwa maluwa, zipatso zimawoneka zomwe poyambirira zimapakidwa utoto wofiirira, pakapita nthawi zimadetsedwa ndikuwala.
Ardisia elliptic (Ardisia elliptica)
Ku USA, Hawaii, Australia ndi zilumba za Pacific, mtunduwu umakhala wotchuka kwambiri, pomwe umalima ngati mbewu yokongoletsera. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi pinki. Poyamba, zipatso zikacha, zimasanduka zofiira, ndipo pambuyo pake mtunduwu umasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala utoto wofiirira. Mtundu uwu wa ardisia m'mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antimicrobial.
