Ana athu ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri ifeyo, achikulire, tinayamba kudziwana ndi botany ndi mandarin. Orange, onunkhira, wokhala ndi magawo owoneka bwino komanso matailosi osawoneka bwino, zidatifikitsa kumfunso: kodi ndizotheka kukulitsa zozizwitsa zoterezi panokha? Ndipo ngati funso ili litatifikira patali ndi mphika wa dziko lapansi, ngakhale litakhala kale ndi chomera china, mbewu yomweyo idapita kunthaka. Ndipo patapita kanthawi, kuyesa koiwalika kale kunasinthidwa ntchito yovuta: momwe mungasamalire ndi kupeza zipatso za tangerine yanu pazoyenera kulimidwa panyumba? Nkhaniyi ikambirana izi.
Mtengo wa Mandarin (Citrus reticulata).
Mafuta Mandarin - Pendani Mavuto
Musanaganize zokulitsa mandarin kuchokera pambewu, muyenera kulingalira: Kodi ndinu okonzeka kuchita zambiri bwanji kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zake, ndipo mukufuna chiyani kuchokera pamtengo womwe mumakula - wokongoletsa komanso zipatso? Kodi mwakonzeka kudikira? Tangerine wa mbewu amakula pang'onopang'ono. Mukuvomera kuyesa? Kuti chomera chikule, chimatenga nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi, ndipo sizachilendo kuti mandarin, nthawi zambiri, ilibe pachimake, ndiye muyenera kumuthandiza.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mandarin, yakula kuchokera ku mbewu, ndikupanga zipatso, sizili zofanana ndi zomwe mbewuzo zidatengedwa (kuti zibwerezedwe mobwerezabwereza, ziyenera kufalalitsidwa mwakutidwa - kudulidwa, kutemera). Komabe, zomwe zimapezeka, mulimonsemo, ndizosangalatsa!
Mbewu yoti mubzale?
Pakubzala tangerine, ndibwino kuti mutengere njere zochokera ku mitundu yayitali yopikulitsa yomwe ikugulitsidwa lero. Amamera msanga, pachimake kale, nthawi zambiri, amapereka zipatso zabwino ndipo ndiosavuta kubzala. Kuti muwasiyanitse ndi ma tangerine enieni ndikosavuta: zenizeni sizikhala ndi nthangala mu zipatso, kapena ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo ma hybrids amakhala ndi miyala nthawi zonse.
Mbewu zosankhidwa siziyenera kukhala zoonda, ngati zouma, zopunduka kapena chokhala ndi nsonga yakuda. Ndibwino kuti pali mitundu isanu yasanu ya mandarin, chifukwa si onse amene adzaphuka, ndipo ngati mbewuzo zakonzekera katemera, ndiye kuti osachepera khumi, chifukwa katemera sachita bwino nthawi zonse.
Wofalikira ku mbewu za mandarin.
Timakonza pansi ndikunyamula mphika
Ntchito yotsatira ndikukonzekera gawo lapansi. Sichiyenera kukhala ndi peat, popeza mandarin sakonda nthaka yac acid. Chifukwa chake, gawo lapansi limagulika mu sitolo yodziwika ndi pH = 6.5-7 (dothi losalowerera), kapena kupangika mwaokha posakanikirana magawo awiri a humus yosongoka bwino, magawo awiri amtchire (kuyambira pansi pa mitengo yowola) ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga wamtsinje. Ngati palibe humus, mutha kungotenga dothi ndi mchenga wopanda asidi.
Tsopano muyenera kunyamula mwayi woyimitsa. Miphika yoyamba yama tangerine achichepere amatha kukhala makapu apulasitiki okhala ndi mulingo wa 200 ml, makapu, ozama osachepera 7 cm (makamaka ndi bowo lamadzi) kapena miphika yaying'ono.
Kubzala Mbewu za Mandarin
Pa zipatso zonse za malalanje, pamakhala lamulo limodzi: mbewu mwachangu ikangolowa munthaka, imakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mutadya bakha wa mandarin, sikofunikira kupukuta mafupa ake, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yomweyo muziike pansi, popeza kuti mwazikumba mpaka mainchesi 4.
Ngati, pazifukwa zina, mbewu za mandarin sizingabzalidwe nthawi yomweyo, kuti tifulumizane kumera pang'ono, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizinyowa kwa masiku angapo. Nthawi yomweyo, mbale zomwe adzagonerepo ziyenera kukhala lathyathyathya, nsalu yonyowa, koma yosaphimbidwa ndi madzi, malowo ayenera kukhala otentha, koma osati padzuwa. Kuti kansalu komwe mbewu za tangerine adakulungidwa sikumauma, msuziyo ungayikidwe mu thumba la pulasitiki, wokutidwa pang'ono, koma osamangidwa.
Anadula Mbewu ya Mandarin.
Kuyambira kufesa mpaka mbande
Ndizosatheka kunena pasadakhale kuti fupa lidzafunika kumera ndi kuphuka. Nthawi zina, ndi masiku 15, koma nthawi zambiri - pafupifupi mwezi. Mulimonsemo, mbande zisanachitike, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, zomwe siziyenera kugwa pansi + 20 ° C ndipo kupitirira + 25 ° C. Nthawi yomweyo, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyika miphika mu wowonjezera kutentha, tangerine amatumphuka bwino, ndipo mbewu zobzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha zidzafunika kuzolowera zikhalidwe za chipindacho.
Kufalitsa Mbande za Mandarin
Ngati mbewu za tangerine sizinabzalidwe mumiphika, koma zonse pamodzi mu mbale, pomwe masamba anayi akuwonekera (akukhulupirira kuti masamba a zipatso samakhala ndi masamba a cotyledon), ndi nthawi yoti muziwathira iwo mu makapu osiyana. Kuchokera pa mbande zomwe zapezedwa, zamphamvu kwambiri zimasankhidwa, ndipo zofowoka ndi zofooka zimakanidwa, kulandira mbewu zomwe zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zokhoza kukula ndikukula.
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mphukira ziwiri zimamera kuchokera pambewu imodzi ya tangerine (zipatso zamtundu wa zipatso zimamera). Pankhaniyi, mutha kuchita zinthu ziwiri: kutsina chomera chofowoka, kapena kudzala zitsamba m'matumba osiyanasiyana - nthawi zambiri chilichonse chimakhala ndi mizu yake.
Thonje lotsatira la mandarin liyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi mizu: mizu itangotenga chikho chonse, chomera chimasinthidwira mumphika wambiri. Koma kubzala mmera wambiri m'malo osavomerezeka, chifukwa mwanjira iyi kuzula kwa nthaka nthawi zambiri kumachitika, zomwe zimalepheretsa mbewuyo.
Mitengo yaing'onoting'ono yamtunduwu imagulitsidwa chaka chilichonse. Kubala - pakatha zaka 2-3 zilizonse, kukulitsa mulifupi wa mphika osati ndi 1, koma ndi 4-6 cm. Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti khosi la mizu silakuzama.
Zomera zakale ndi zoyerekeza zazikulu za tangerine sizinaikidwenso, koma zaka zingapo zilizonse zimachotsa mosasunthika mumphika, ndikuzisintha ndi zina zatsopano.
Mbande Mandarin.
Mapangidwe a Mandarin
Chimandarini ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayenera kupangidwa. Kudula koyamba (ngati sanayambe kudzilimbitsa) kumachitika kwa iye mbande ikafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Njira iyi imakakamiza mtengowo kutulutsa gawo loyambirira. Koma izi sizokwanira maluwa, chifukwa tangerine amabala zipatso kokha pamtundu wa 4-5th order. Chifukwa chake, kukhomeka kumapitilizidwa, kuchotsa nsonga za mphukira zonse pambuyo masamba 4-5, komanso mphukira zofowoka ndi zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona. Mwambiri, mapangidwe amatenga zaka 3-4.
Koma pofuna kukakamiza nthambi za woyamba kuti zikhale nthambi, munthu atha kupita munjira ina - kukana mphukira pogwiritsa ntchito kukonza. Njirayi ndi yovuta, koma yosangalatsa. Kuti ikwaniritse, gawo limodzi la waya limakhazikika pa nthambi, ndipo lachiwiri limakhazikitsidwa ndi chopondera tsitsi kumapeto kwa mphika kuti kuwombera kwa mandarin kupangike kumayandikira pafupi ndi nthaka.
Mtengo wa Mandarin (Citrus reticulata).
Kusamalira Mandarin Kunyumba
Kusamalira mitengo ya tangerine kumasiyanasiyana pang'ono kutengera zaka zawo ndi cholinga chawo. Ngati fanizoli ndi laling'ono (mpaka zaka 5) kapena lakhalira masamba obiriwira, limafunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse (dothi limafunika kuti lizikhala lonyowa, koma osasefukira), kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (pafupipafupi) ndi kuwala kambiri (ndi kugwedezeka kwa chilimwe kuyambira dzuwa lowala masana ndi kubwerekanso m'masiku achisanu).
M'miyezi yotentha, mtengowo ungathe kudutsidwira mumlengalenga (kuzolowera pang'onopang'ono) kumalo otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Kamodzi pamwezi, ndikofunikira kuti tangerine akonze malo osamba.
Ngati mandarin itayamba kutulutsa, ndiye, kuwonjezera pa chisamaliro chazomwe, imafunikira nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa + 10 ... 12 ° C ndi madzi osowa (ndikofunikira kuti dziko lapansi liume pang'ono), kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kwa kasupe ndi kupendekera kwapamwamba kwambiri pakupanga masamba (mkati mwa + 16 ... 18 ° C). Komanso kutentha kwanyengo yotentha m'chilimwe - osati pamwamba kuposa + 25 ° C (pamtunda wokwera, maluwawo atha kuwonekera) ndi kupopera mbewu pang'onopang'ono (madzi sayenera kugwa pamaluwa).
Monga zipatso zina za malalanje, mandarin imakonda kutembenuza masamba kuti ikapeze kuwala. Chifukwa chake, kuti apange yunifolomu yofananira, amatha kuzunguliridwa mozungulira. Koma izi siziyenera kuchitika osapitirira 10 ° nthawi imodzi komanso osaposa kamodzi sabata iliyonse, chifukwa zipatso za zipatso ndi zomwe sizimakonda zipatso zawo ndipo zimatha kuwachita molakwika.
Popeza ma tangerine akhala akuyimba kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi funso: ngati angakonze mpumulo wamtengo nthawi yozizira kapena kuyatsa ndi nyali kuti zipatso zipse? Yankho: konzani. Ngakhale pansi pa + 10 ... 12 ° C, ma tangerines amapsa pang'onopang'ono.
Chakudya Chamandarin
Ma tangerines ang'onoang'ono samadyetsa, amangolowetsanso mumphika wokulirapo. Koma mbewu zakale ziyenera kuyamba kuphatikiza umuna kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika kukula mpaka kugwa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika ndi feteleza wapadera wa zipatso kapena kulowetsedwa kwa mullein (1:10 ndi madzi) ndi pafupipafupi kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri. Oyenera kuvala ndi ndowe zakumapeto (kuchepetsa mankhwalidwe a 20 mameseji pamiyeso ya 1:20 ndi madzi).
Ngati mtengo udakonzedwa kuti udulitsidwe, kuvala kwa tangerine kumayimitsidwa osachepera masiku atatu izi zisanachitike. Pambuyo pakuchokerana, amabwerera feteleza palibe kale kuposa milungu iwiri itatha. M'nyengo yozizira, ma tangerine samadyetsa.
Mtengo wa Tangerine.
Kupanga koyamba kwa tangerines
Chimandarin, chokhwima kuchokera ku mbewu, chimabereka zipatso pa 5th-6th. Zipatso zake sizobwereza mitundu ya amayi momwe ziliri mu kulawa ndipo zimatha kusiyana ndi kukula kwake, kutsekemera, kununkhira, koma osangotengera kuwonongeka kwa mikhalidwe (monga momwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira), komanso panjira yakusintha (pano - amene ali ndi mwayi).
Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zoyambirira sizikuwulura mokwanira zonse za mbeu zomwe zimapezeka pambewu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mandarin idaphuka ndikukhazikitsa zipatso, ndikofunikira kuti apereke zinthu zowoneka bwino kwambiri kuti mtengowo udziwonetsere wekha.
Kodi kupanga mandarin kutulutsa?
Ndibwino ngati touline atulutsa yekha. Ndipo ngati sichoncho? Poterepa, zitha kukhudzidwa chifukwa cha izi. Ndikofunikira kutenga waya wamkuwa ndikukulunga mozungulira mozungulira pachitsulo cha mandarin kuti umakanikizidwa ku khungwa. Izi zisokoneza njira yotaya kuyamwa ndikupangitsa chomera "kuganiza" za ana - kuti pachimake. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake, waya uyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo malo ovulalawo akathandizidwa ndi var var ya m'munda - uchira msanga mokwanira.
Komabe, njirayi sigwira ntchito ngati mandarin sanapange korona ndipo sipanakhale nthawi yopuma. Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kuyesa, ndikofunikira kuthandiza mtengo kukula nthambi za 4 ndi 5 ndikudutsa nyengo yachisanu yozizira.
Inoculation ya Mandarin
Njira ina yopezera zipatso kuchokera mmera wovuta ndikukubzala. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukulitsa malo (mandarin kuchokera pamwala) mpaka makulidwe a thunthu ndi cholembera cha cholembera chosavuta (pafupifupi 6 mm) ndikupeza scion - gawo laling'ono la mphukira lomwe limatengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mandarin, kapena m'malo mwake, impso (diso) yokhala ndi petiole.
Pamtunda wa masentimita 7 kuchokera pakhungwa la chitsa, gwiritsani ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, makamaka ndi mpeni wamaso apadera, kuti mupange mawonekedwe a zilembo "T" kuti musadulidwe nkhuni. Kutalika kwake kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 2,5 cm, mlatho wapamwamba (kapangidwe ka chilembo "T") pafupifupi 1 cm. Ikani chidutswa chodulira cha tangerine (wokhala ndi tsamba petiole) m'mphepete mwa kotilo (ndikulikoka ndi mpeni) ndikutchingira khungwa. Chitani chilichonse ndi mitundu yamundawo ndikukulunga mwamphamvu ndi tepi yamagetsi amtambo, kusiya petiole. Ikani chomera cholumikizidwa kumtunda wobiriwira kuchokera mchikwama.
Katemera wa mandarin atachita bwino, impso imazika mizu yotalika masabata atatu, tsamba la petiole limasanduka chikasu ndipo limagwa mosavuta. Katemera walephera, petiole imasandulika yakuda.
Kuti zitheke, zobiriwira zimayamba kuwuluka pang'ono, pang'onopang'ono zikuwonjezera nthawi ya magawo. Patatha mwezi umodzi kutuluka kwa mphukira yatsopano kuchokera ku mphukira yatsopano, tsinde la mandarin limadulidwa ndi secateurs pamtunda wa osachepera 5 mm kuchokera pa katemera, mosadziwika. Bandeji imachotsedwa. Gawo limathandizidwa ndi var var.
Mtengo wa Tangerine.
Samalani tangerine pa maluwa / maluwa
Mu gawo la maluwa ndi zipatso, mandarin amafunika feteleza wambiri wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kuposa nayitrogeni. Kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika, koma osadzaza. Chomera chikamasamba, ndikofunikira kupitiliza kupopera mbewuzo, koma mwanjira yoti madzi samagwa pamaluwa.
Nthawi zambiri, mandarin imatsitsa maluwa ndi ovary yambiri, ndikusintha katunduyo payekha. Ngati izi sizingachitike, amafunikira thandizo pochotsa maluwa owonjezera ndi ma tangerine, kusiya mbewuyo ndi chipatso chimodzi pamasamba 15-20 aliwonse.
Ngati kucha kwaphulika kuphulika, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imathiriridwa madzi mosasamala, kapena ikakumana ndi nayitrogeni wambiri. Kuti mandarin ayike maluwa, amafunika mtendere wa chisanu.
Tizilombo ta Mandarin
Zikuwoneka kuti, zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu, tangerine ndizovuta kwambiri kutengera chilengedwe ndi tizirombo kuposa zomwe zingagulidwe mu shopu. Koma, mwatsoka, amakhalanso ndi adani oyipa. Ambiri aiwo amawopa radiation ya ultraviolet ndi chinyezi chachikulu, chifukwa chake, kutsatira zabwino pazoyala zam'mimba ndizopewanso kuzipewa. Ndani amenewo? Spider mite, scutellum, mealybug, komanso nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mtengo wa Mandarin (Citrus reticulata).
Spider mite
Kukula kwa 0,3-0.6 mm yokha, ndiye kuti sikukuwoneka ndi maso. Koma zitha kuwerengedwa ndi kupezeka kwa madontho owala pang'ono pambali yamasamba a chomera ndi kukhalapo kwa matchuthi abwino kwambiri. Ngati chidule chapezeka, kulimbana nacho kuyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu.
Choyambirira chomwe muyenera kuyamba ndikutsuka chomera ndi madzi otentha pogwiritsa ntchito sopo ochapira. Kenako muyenera utsi wa mandarin ndi Fitoverm, Intavir, Actelik kapena tizirombo tina mobwerezabwereza ndi gawo (masiku 7).
Chotchinga
Ndi mbale yolumikizira chowumbiririka ndi kukula kwa 4 mm. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kukhalapo kwake ndi zokutira ngati madzi oundana omwe amawoneka pamasamba a chomeracho. Tizilomboti tikawonongeka, mtengowo umangonyamuka ndi kuwuma.
Mutha kuyesa kuthana ndi nkhanambo pochiritsa mandarin ndi sopo yankho ndi kuwonjezera palafini: 5 g sopo ndi 10 g ya palafini pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Patulani mpaka kawiri pa sabata.
Koma mankhwalawa (kuyambira katatu mpaka kasanu ndi masiku 15) amagwira ntchito bwino ndi mankhwala a Aktar, Fitoverm kapena ena, omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse pogulitsa. Komabe, atatha kulandira chithandizo chotere, zipatso za mtengowo sizingadyedwe ndipo pakufunika kusintha kosanjikiza kwapansi mumphika.
Mealybug
Kuzindikira kuti ndizosavuta: tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timafanana ndi kuyera kwamtundu wofiyira komwe kumabaliririka kumera lonselo mu mawonekedwe a madontho ang'onoang'ono ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 3 mm. Mutha kuthana ndi nyongolotsi pamanja, kugwira ntchito molimbika anthu, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo - Karbofos, Decis, Intavir kapena kulowetsedwa kwa sopo ndi adyo (2 cloves ya adyo pa 0,5 l ya madzi otentha kwa maola 4).
Ma nsabwe
Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa za tizilombo: kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 mm kutalika, kubiriwira kowoneka bwino, kuchulukana mwachangu, kumakhala m'malire. Kuvulaza kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumachitika chifukwa chakuti imayamwa timadziti kuchokera kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba a mandarin, kuwapukusa ndi kutulutsa mbewu.
Polimbana nayo, kusambitsanso (ndikudikirira kwa masiku 5-7) kutsuka mbewu ndi sopo yochapira, kupopera mankhwalawa kulowetsedwa kwa adyo (1 mutu wa adyo wosakanizidwa mu kapu yamadzi, kuphatikiza masiku 2), kulowetsedwa kwa fodya (40 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
Mavuto mu kukula kwa mandarin
Chikaso ndi kugwa kwamasamba
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zavutoli.Ndikofunika kuti musathamangire, pendani mosamala mkhalidwe wa mbewuyo ndikuwunika bwino. Mu mandarins akuluakulu, masamba amatha kutembenukira chikaso ndikugwa chifukwa cha ukalamba wawo. Koma nthawi yomweyo, mtengowo umawoneka wathanzi ndipo umakula bwino.
Kuwala kokhazikika kwa masamba kumatha kuwonetsa kuwala kwakwanira kwezomera. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusamalira kukonzanso mandarin pafupi ndi kuunikako, kapena kukonza mawonekedwe owunikira.
Kutulutsa kwa masamba a tangerine kumatha kuyamba chifukwa chouma kwambiri (posakhalitsa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, makamaka nthawi yotenthetsera), kusinthanitsa kosayenera (mukazula khosi lamizu, ndikusankha voliyumu yambiri yamphika). Chimodzi mwa zifukwa izi chikapezeka, amangoyenera kuthetsedwa.
Kuuma ndi kugwa kwa masamba am'munsi a mandarin, pomwe tsamba limayamba kuyanika kuchokera pachimake, limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchulukitsa nthaka. Zodabwitsazi zimachitika mwina chifukwa chosamala kwambiri, kapena chifukwa cha mphika waukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mmera. Mulimonsemo, chomera chija chimayenera kuikidwa mu mphika woyenera ndi dothi lotayirira (lopuma), mutachotsa mizu yowola.
Ngati chikasu chinayambira pansi pa korona ndikufalikira pamwamba - izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa nayitrogeni. Pankhaniyi, tangerine ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Mtundu wachikaso wowoneka bwino wamasamba tangerine, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira masamba akale, akuwonetsa chlorosis (kuchepa kwachitsulo). Apa, chithandizo cha chelate chachitsulo chingathandize.
Masamba a Mandarin amagwa popanda chifukwa - mwina mbewuyo ilibe potaziyamu. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu nitrate.
Maluwa a tangerine.
Zochititsa Chidwi za Mandarin
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma tangerine achichepere nthawi zambiri amatulutsa minga zazitali - simuyenera kuchita nawo kanthu!
M'nyengo yozizira, zipatso za malalanje, masamba omwe amakula, nthawi zambiri amapanga masamba akuluakulu kuposa masika ndi chilimwe.
Kuti musiyanitse sapling ya mandarin ndi sapling mandimu, muyenera kununkhira masamba awo - mandimu amanunkhira zipatso, ku mandarin - fungo labwino la zitsamba zatsopano. Zomera zakale ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi masamba a masamba - mu mandimu petiole ndi yosavuta, mu mandarin - yokhala ndi lambfish yopapatiza.
