Zokolola zam'tsogolo zimatengera molunjika dothi lomwe mbande zake zikhale. Zoyenera kukonzekera pamunda musanabzike zikambirana zambiri pansipa.
Okhazikika ambiri m'chilimwe amayamba kukonzekera mwachangu kubzala kwa masika kumapeto kwa mvula, akamakonza malo oti mbande zikhalepo nyengo yotsatira. Kukonza dothi lodziyimira pawokha kumakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika kuzikumbukira popanga dothi labwino. Ngati chinthu chimodzi chikunyalanyazidwa, chiopsezo cha matenda a mbewu kapena kusowa kwachuma chambiri chimakula kwambiri. Werengani nkhani yofesa tsabola wa mbande!
Zofunikira pamtunda zofunikira mbande
Poyamba, timaganizira za mikhalidwe yayikulu yomwe nthaka ya mbande iyenera kukwaniritsa. Mndandanda wazofunikira zazikulu zadothi zimaphatikizapo:
- bwino - zigawo zonse za nthaka ziyenera kukhala zofanana;
- kusowa kwa majeremusi - pamene pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena nthangala za udzu m'nthaka, palibe chifukwa chofotokozera zokolola;
- chonde - nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya mbande nthawi zonse imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa michere;
- friability ndi chinyezi - chinyezi chopatsa moyo pamodzi ndi mpweya wokwanira uyenera kuyenderera ku mizu;
- ukhondo - kukhalapo kwa zitsulo zovulaza, zinyalala za mafakitale, mankhwala ankhanza, ndi zina zotere
Kutsatira zonsezi kumatsimikizira thanzi la mbewu, kukula kwawo mwachangu, komanso kucha pambuyo pake zipatso, kukula kwake ndi kukoma kwake, popanda kukayikira, kudzasangalatsa wamaluwa.
Kodi mungayambire bwanji kukonza mbande?
Kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka pobzala mbewu momwe idatengedwera kwa osakhazikika sikulimbikitsidwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ilibe zinthu zofunika pakumera kwa mbewu mwachangu, ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kubweretsa zovuta kuzomera. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi loterolo limatha kupangika, chifukwa cha zomwe mbewu zomwe zimakulitsidwa sizilandira chinyezi kapena mpweya wokwanira. Chifukwa chake, funso la momwe angakonzekeretse mbuto kuti mbande izifikira ndi udindo wonse komanso kusamala.
Pachigawo choyambirira, ndikofunikira kusakaniza dothi lomwe linatengedwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mchenga;
- utuchi (nthawi zina umatha kusinthidwa ndi peat yaying'ono);
- manyowa owola (nthawi zina, mutha kupanga manyowa kapena humus).
Ponena za kuchuluka komwe kumafunikira kusakaniza magawo omwe adatchulidwa, nthawi zambiri amawoneka motere: 1: 1: 0.5: 0.5.
Mwanjira ina, gawo lofananalo la humus limatengedwa gawo limodzi la nthaka yolimidwa, mosakanikirana ikusakaniza unyinjiwo ndi magawo a 0.5 a mchenga ndi utuchi wa utuchi. Tinthu timeneti timalumikizidwa ndi chophukacho chokonzedwa ndi timabowo ting'onoting'ono kuti tichotse tinthu timene timayambitsa nthaka.
Kusintha kwa dothi la mbande
Gawo lotsatira pokonza malo kuti mbande zikhale kusintha kwake kuzikhalidwe zina. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mutakula tomato, ndikofunikira kuti kuwonjezera thonje lophwanyika lomwe limapangidwa ndi calcium m'nthaka.
Kwa nkhaka, ndikofunika kuwonjezera pafupifupi 200 magalamu a phulusa ku gawo lapansi, lomwe lili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira zomwe zimateteza mbewu ku matenda onse.
Kwa beetroot, nthaka imatha kuthira manyowa ndi utuchi wowuma, ndikupereka mpweya wabwino.
Pafupifupi pachikhalidwe chilichonse, kupanga malo okhala ndi kopindulitsa. Dothi lamtunduwu limakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso humus, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ipange mizu yake momasuka.
Sizoletsedwa kuyambitsa feteleza wachilengedwe m'nthaka, kuipitsa gawo lapansi ndi nitrate ndikuwononga gawo lachonde.
Peat, silt, kompositi, zitosi za mbalame, ndi zina zotere zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zofunikira. Pankhaniyi, malo okhala mbande adzakhala malo abwino olimapo zipatso ndi masamba aliwonse.
Kutulutsa utoto
Pamapeto omaliza pokonzekera nthaka, imalimidwa kuchokera ku tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayambitsa tizirombo tambiri, komanso kuphatikiza ndi microflora yopindulitsa. Njira yofikira ndiyothandiza kwambiri pazomwe tafotokozazi.
Kuti mukwaniritse njirayi, muyenera:
- thanki yayikulu;
- 10 ndowa;
- kubowola;
- ma tripod achitsulo.
Chigoba chachikulu pano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tank, yomwe ili pafupifupi kotala yodzazidwa ndi madzi, pambuyo pake amawotchedwa. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono amakimbidwa pansi pa chidebe ndipo makhoma ake ndi kubowola, pambuyo pake amadzazidwa ndi dothi lolimidwa ndikuyika matatu mu malo osungira. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa pansi pa chidebe mwachindunji pamlingo wowira. Nthaka yomwe imatulutsidwa imadutsa m'nthaka, ndikuchotsa majeremusi kuchokera ku mabakiteriya oyipa. Njirayi imatha osaposa mphindi 25-30, pomwe nthaka imafunika kusakanikirana nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthaka yonyamulidwa imachotsedwa mu ndowa ndikuisanjidwa mosamala mumiyeso yodzala mbewu.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati dziko lapansi lili loumbika?
Nthawi zina, ndi chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka mbande, nkhungu imatha kuchitika yomwe imakhudza kukula kwa mbande. Vutoli limatha kuchotsedwa msanga poletsa kuthirira nthaka. Pakupita masiku awiri, vutoli litha lokha, kenako nthaka itasungidwa bwino, ndikuonetsetsa kuti mpweya uzitsekemera.
Ngati sizotheka kuthana ndi nkhunguwo, ndiye kuti kusamalira mbande kuyenera kuphatikizira kupopera madzi ndi kuphatikiza kwa potaziyamu permanganate. Pakatha kuthirira pafupifupi 3-4, ma virus onse adzazimiririka, ndipo dothi lidzakhala loyera. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lapadera ndi malasha limatha kuwonjezeredwa m'nthaka, lomwe limalepheretsa chinyezi chambiri, ndipo mbewuyo imalandira chofunikira chofufuza.
Chifukwa chake, khalani nokha mbande pamafunika kukhazikitsa njira zomwe zikukambidwa, zomwe zimalola kuti pakhale malo abwino okulira zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kenako ndikupeza zipatso zambiri.
