Chomera monga junkus kapena chythorn ndichinthu chatsopano komanso chachilendo pakupanga kwamkati. Zambiri pazomera zotere sizikuphatikizidwanso m'gulu lalikulu la maensaikulopediya. Komabe, mawonekedwe awo ndi osazolowereka komanso ochititsa chidwi kuti mukadzawona kukhala amoyo, simudzayiwala duwa loterolo. Mapesi achilendo omwe amapindika mkati, komanso mphukira zazitali komanso zopyapyala, nthambi zamtunduwu - ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi russet, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti junkus. Chomera choterocho chimakhala chowoneka bwino, koma kulima sikungadzetse mavuto ambiri. Maluwa ochititsa chidwiwa mosakayikira amayenera kutchuka kwambiri.
Zina za chythorn (junkus)
Pakati pa mbewu zomwe zimakulidwa m'nyumba, pali maluwa ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Komabe, ambiri aiwo ndi nthawi yachilimwe kapena zitsamba zochulukitsa maluwa. Zomera zokongoletsera komanso zopatsa chidwi pakati pawo ndizochepa. Ndipo pali mbewu zochepa kwambiri komanso zoyambirira kwambiri pakati pawo. Sitnik amatanthauza mitundu yotere. Mwachilengedwe, imamera m'madziwe, ndipo m'mundamo amakongoletsedwa ndi mabedi amadzi onyowa kapena matupi osiyanasiyana amadzi. Chomera sichimakula m'nyumba. Komabe, chifukwa chakunja kwake kwapadera, kumakopa chidwi cha ambiri opanga komanso otulutsa maluwa. Chomerachi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka kotero kuti chimaphimba ngakhale masewu owoneka bwino.
Sitnik amatchedwanso Junkus kapena Junkus. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi banja la russet (Juncaceae). Sitnik wochokera ku Latin adamasuliridwa - "weave". Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuyambira nthawi zakale zitsamba za zoterezi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popeta nsapato, mabasiketi, komanso mphasa. Izi osatha ndi phokoso lalifupi. Simalimbana ndi chisanu, koma imakonda chinyezi kwambiri. Mukabzala kunyumba, izi zimafikira masentimita 40-50. Pamaziko olimba, mphukira zopyapyala, ma brownish scaly vaginas amavalidwa. Monga mbewu zina, mbewuyi imanganso kutulutsa maluwa. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka achilendo kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino. Alijambulidwa ndi utoto woyera kapena wowoneka wa bulauni ndipo ali mbali ya ma inflorescence ooneka ngati panicle, omwe ali ndi nthambi zochulukirapo, zosiyanitsidwa ndi asymmetry awo. Ma inflorescence amatsamira pang'ono m'mbali mwa bract, zomwe zimawoneka ngati kupitiliza kwa mphukira.
Kunyumba, ndi mtundu umodzi wokhawo wa mbewu zomwe zimamera. Komabe, maluwa oterowo ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera, koma mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ndipo popanda kukayika amakopa chidwi chapadera. Kunyumba, amamera mtundu wokhawo wotchedwa chythorn chythorn (Juncus effusus). Ndipo monga lamulo, kalasi imodzi yokha yamtunduwu wa chythorn imakula. Ndizomera chotere chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba opindika bwino pomwe mulibe tsamba limodzi.
Chytnik nthambi (Juncus effusus)Kufalitsa kwa Oatmeal "Spiralis" (Juncus effusus "Spiralis") nthawi zambiri kumangotchedwa kuti gingham ozungulira. Mwa njira, m'sitolo, nthawi zambiri amadzigulitsa pansi pa dzina. Amanena za zitsamba zamphesa. Sitnik imatha kupanga mtundu wofalikira komanso wakuda, wokhala ndi mphukira zazitali, zopyapyala, zopanda masamba. Zoyambira za duwa limakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Chifukwa chake, amakhala opindika mkati mozungulira modabwitsa kotero kuti zitha kumawoneka ngati avulala mwapadera ndi dzanja.
Komabe, sikuti ndi mtundu wokha womwe umamera mkati. Chifukwa chake, iwo amakulitsa mitundu ya "Blonde Ambition". Amasiyana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu chifukwa zimayambira ndi udzu wagolide wamtundu, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi akulu. Amapezeka mu malo mchipinda ndi mitundu yowongoka, imawonekeranso yachilendo komanso yopatsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo:
- Sitnik "Aureostriata" - mu mphukira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi zimakhala ndi utoto wamitundu mitundu. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwawo konse pali magawo obiriwira komanso achikaso.
- Sitnik "Grass Pensulo" (Pensulo Grass) - imakhala ndi mitengo yolunjika komanso yolimba, yomwe imapanga kankhanira kakang'ono ngati udzu waukulu kapena mtolo wa brashi wobiriwira. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndipo amakula bwino. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kupitirira masentimita 50.
- Sitnik "Chingwe Chagolide" (Chingwe Chagolide) - zimayambira zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi utoto wagolide. Poyang'ana koyamba, mbewu iyi imatha kuwoneka ngati yopanga, yopanda kanthu, yopyapyala komanso yowongoka bwino kwambiri imawoneka yachilendo kwambiri.
Zomera zoterezi ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kukongoletsa zipinda zamkati mopanga modabwitsa komanso mwamphamvu. Sitnik ikhoza kukhala cholowa m'malo mwa chosema kapena chinthu china chokongoletsera. Zitha kukhala zokulira mzipinda zogona komanso zogona komanso m'malo obisalamo. Chomera chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopatikiza patali ndi chipindacho pakuchigawa m'magawo. Ma batire osiyana ndi oyengeka kwambiri amatha kukulitsa mchipindacho.
Kusamalira pakhomo kwa junkus kapena chythorn
Juncus ndi mbewu yachilendo kwambiri komanso yachilendo. Sikovuta kukula duwa loterolo, komabe, kuti likule ndi kukula bwino, lingaliro limodzi lofunika kwambiri liyenera kukumbukiridwa - mtengo wa chintel umafunika chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, iwo omwe aganiza kuti ailime m'nyumba, aphunzira kupangira, komanso kusamalira, mowongolerana. Ngati simukukula chinton pa paludarium, ndiye kuti muyenera kuphunzira malamulo onse osamalira dzinthu zotere zomwe sizili za muyezo komanso zosazolowereka. Potengera izi, kupanga kulima kwa mbewu yotereyi muzipinda zofunikira kumangolimbikitsidwa kwa okhawo omwe angafune kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ndikuyesera kuti amupatse zofunika. Chifukwa chake, musanagule chosindikizira, muyenera kuganizira mosamala.
Kupepuka
Chomera ichi chimakonda kuwala, motero, kunyumba, muyenera kusankha malo abwino. Pafupifupi kuchuluka kwounikira komwe kumafunika, muyenera kufunsa wogulitsa panthawi yogula. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zina phala ili limazolowera kwambiri mthunzi, kotero kuyesera kukulitsa mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito pakukongoletsa chipinda. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pafupifupi mbewu zonse za mtunduwu zimafunikira kuunikira kowala, koma nthawi yomweyo ziyenera kumwazikana. Kumbukirani kuti duwa liyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lowala. Kuzolowera kuwala kowala kwambiri komanso kowopsa, ma junkus amatha kumva bwino ngakhale kum'mwera kwa chipindacho.
Kuwala kumakhudza bwino kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu, yomwe, mwadzidzidzi, imatha kukula popanda kuunika kwachilengedwe, ndikuyisintha ndi kuipitsa. Kuyika duwa lotere, ndikofunikira kusankha zenera lakuyang'ana kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo. Ngati chipindacho chili chowala, ndiye kuti chovalacho chitha kuyikidwa pamtunda wina kuchokera pawindo.
Kutentha
Mukadzala pakhomo, udzu umafunika kutentha. Chomera choterocho chimamva bwino m'chipinda momwe kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, kapena kuposa madigiri 24. Koma imakhalanso bwino mu chipinda momwe kutentha sikumatsika ndi 18 digiri. Kumbukirani kuti m'chipinda chomwe duwa limakhala, sikuyenera kuzizira kuposa madigiri 15. M'nyengo yozizira, simuyenera kuchepetsa kutentha m'chipindacho. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kutsika mokwanira kwa kutentha kumatha kubweretsa nthawi yopuma mu junkus. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imasiya kukula, ndipo mphukira zake zimayamba kuyanika. Nthawi yopuma imatha ndikusamba kwa miyezi yophukira. Ngati mbewuyo ndi yakale kale, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali chaka chilichonse, komabe, iyenera kukhala yifupi. Chifukwa chake, masabata awiri isanayambe nthawi yamasika, kutentha kwa chipindacho kuyenera kutsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 16-18. Ngati chinto chidakali chokwanira, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kukonza nthawi yopumira.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwa kutentha, komanso kukonzanso, kumabweretsa zotsutsana kwambiri ndi njerezi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti nthaka siyidontheza bwino mumphika wa maluwa. Pofuna kupewa kuzizirira m'nthaka, chidebe chokhala ndi zodulira ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo apadera. M'nyengo yotentha, chomera choterocho, ngati chikufunidwa, chitha kusamutsidwira kukhonde, chomwe chikuyenera kuyatsidwa kapena chitha kuyikidwa m'malo otetezedwa bwino m'mundamo kapena malo otetezedwa.
Momwe mungamwere
Njira yabwino yothirira junkus ndi yosavuta. Kwa duwa ili, mtundu woyesera wothirira sizabwino (patatha nthawi yayitali). Chifukwa cha kukula kwabwinobwino ndi kukula, madzi ali mumphika ayenera kukhala okwanira chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chake, madziwo ayenera kukhala okwera pang'ono kuposa zigawo za ngalande zomwe zimakhala pansi pa mphika. Mukakulira mumbale ziwiri, ma pallets okwera, madzi okwanira amayenera kusamalidwa nthawi zonse kuti asagwere pansi pa sentimita 8-10. Chomera choterocho ndi chabwino kulima kwa hydroponic, mungagwiritsenso ntchito miphika yamaluwa yapadera ndi kuthirira yokha kuti muibzalire. Mu zotengera zotere muyenera kuwonjezera madzi. Gawo laling'onolo siliyenera kuloledwa kuti liume pang'ono pokha, chifukwa limasokoneza chidindo cha mafuta, osanenapo za kupukutira kwathunthu kwa zoumba zadothi. Mukathirira, ndizotheka kuthira madzi mwachindunji mu mphika wa maluwa, ndipo amathanso kuthiridwa mu poto.
Chofufumirachi chimayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa komanso okhazikika. Ndikwabwino ngati madzi oterowo ali ndi kutentha kwa chipinda.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Junkus amafunikira chinyontho kwambiri. Ngati chinyontho m'chipindacho sichidutsa 50 peresenti, komanso ngati zida zamagetsi zikugwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti chinyontho chodzaza chokha chitha kupopera mbewuyo. Komabe, monga lamulo, ngati mumakonda kuthirira chintel kapena kukhalabe ndi madzi mu mphikawo, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya kuzizindikiro zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mbewu iyi ikule bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, pakakhala kuti palibe mpweya wouma mchipindacho komanso madzi akumatuluka mumphika, kuti mukhale chinyezi chokwanira, mutha kuyendera njira yotsimikizika komanso yodalirika kwa zaka - kuti mumalize mbewuyo kuchokera ku sprayer ndipo muyenera kuchita izi pafupipafupi. Komabe, madzi sayenera kuthiridwa mwachindunji pachomera, koma kutali ndi iwo. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe a chifunga ayenera kupanga. Ndikosavuta kuwonjezera chinyezi mothandizidwa ndi manyowa apadera omwe agulidwa kapena opangidwa ndi nyumba, koma njira zomwe zimakhazikika ndizokwanira kuti duwa limve bwino. Pomwe chipindacho chimakhala ndi mpweya wouma nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kuyika zotengera ndi madzi, aquarium, kasupe wa chipinda, etc.
Junkus samangokonda chinyezi, koma iyemwini amadziwika kuti ndi wonyezimira kwambiri. Kukhazikitsidwa kwake mchipinda chofanana, mwachitsanzo, ndi kasupe wakunyumba. Chomera ichi chimakhala ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri pa microclimate ya chipinda chomwe amakhala.
Feteleza
Iyenera kudyetsedwa munthawi ya kukula kwambiri (nthawi yamasika ndi nthawi yachilimwe) 2 pa mwezi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani feteleza kapena feteleza wachilengedwe wonse pazomera zokongoletsera. Panthawi yopumira, duwa silidyetsedwa. Ngati zenera la chinton likupitilira kukula nthawi yachisanu, ndiye kuti liyeneranso kudyetsedwa, koma ½ gawo la mlingo lomwe limalimbikitsa phukusi liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zambiri Zambiri
Sitnik safunika kupanga kudulira. Komabe, choterocho chidzafunika mwatsatanetsatane:
- m'mitundu iwiri, zigawo zokhazikika ziyenera kudulidwa, ndipo zina zingapo, zobiriwira (mpaka pansi);
- ayenera kuchotsa nthambi zowonongeka kapena zowuma;
- Ngati nsonga za tsinde ziuma, ziyenera kudulidwa mosamala.
Kusankha kwa mphika, mawonekedwe a kupatsirana ndi kusakanikirana kwa dothi
Zolima, paludariums komanso zida wamba zimasankhidwa, poganizira kuti chintel chimafunikira malo pafupi kwambiri ndi madambo. Itha kumadzidwa hydroponically, gwiritsani ntchito mphika wokhala ndi chosungira madzi. Komanso, poto wowirikiza ndi yoyenera kukula, kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuyisamalira. Mu chomera ichi, mizu yake siangokhala michero yamtunduwu, imakulanso ngati mizu yopyapyala. Motere, mawonekedwe oyenera ayenera kukhala ochepa komanso ochepa. Poto yolimba sioyenera kubzala. Muphika watsopano uyenera kukhala mainchesi 5 kukula kuposa mainchesi akale.
Gawo loyenerera liyenera kukhala acidic, lotayirira, lopepuka ndikuyamwa chinyezi mokwanira. Dothi loyenera la paludariums kapena zomera zam'madzi. Kukonzekera dothi losakaniza, phatikizani dimba (konsekonse) lapansi ndi moss, peat, perlite, mchenga, ngale kapena ufa wina wophika.
Ndikofunika kupatsirana ngati kuli kofunikira. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati mphika utakhala wocheperako, ndi kufowoka kwakukulu kwa zimayambira nthawi yozizira kapena kutota mu chirimwe. Mizu ikukula kwambiri, mizu yakale ikumwalira, chinyezi chambiri chimawonedwa - ano ndi malo abwino owonekeranso zowola kapena acidization panthaka. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalangizira kuti kuchulukana kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pachaka. Samamuvulaza Sitnik konse. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuchotsa dothi lakale lonse ndikuyang'ana mizu. Mtengowo umabwezeretseka bwino kwambiri ndikusintha (ngati kuli kotheka, umakhazikitsidwa mpaka nthawi yamasika).
Pansi pake, dothi lokumbika, lalikulu lopakidwa kanthu liyenera kupangidwa (dongo lotukuka limakhala loyenerera bwino izi). Mukatulutsa maluwa mumphika, muyenera kudula zitsulo zonse zowonongeka, komanso kuyang'anitsanso mizu. Masamba azisiyidwa mozama chimodzimodzi ndi beseni lakale. Mapeto ake, musaiwale kuti mulch gawo lapansi, mwachitsanzo, ndi dothi lokongoletsera miyala kapena dongo lotukulidwa. Izi zimateteza ku kutayika kwambiri kwa chinyezi ndipo sikulola kuti gawo loyambira la gawo lapansi liume kwambiri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda. Ngati kachilombo kamodzi mwazindikiridwa, muyenera kuthana ndi maluwa kamodzi kokha ndi fungicide kapena tizirombo. Ngati zowola zawoneka pamizu, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kusinthanitsa chintel posachedwa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Zimayuma ndipo zidzafa ngati mbewuyo ili m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma kapena wozizira kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kufa kwa mphukira kumawerengedwa kuti ndiko kukonzekera nyengo yotsika, ndipo nthawi yotentha, kupangika kwa zowola pamizu kumayambitsa vuto.
Ngati palibe udzu pa udzu, ndiye kuti mphukira zake zimatha.
Njira zolerera
Kunyumba, ndizomera zamtundu umodzi zokha zomwe zimamera, zomwe zimangomera zokha zokha. Chifukwa chake, zitsamba zokulira pakukula kwazinthu zitha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kugawanika kulikonse kumayenera kukhala ndi mizu yamphamvu ndi zidutswa 10 zamiphukira yamphamvu.
