Zinnia ndi mbewu yomwe ili ndi zabwino zingapo. Ndipo chachikulu ndicho phale lautoto lolemera, lomwe silinaperekedwe maski pano. Paliponse pomwe pamasankhidwa chomera ichi ndi maluwa abuluu ndi abuluu, nthawi iliyonse imakhala yosangalatsa panthawi ya maluwa zinnia.
Chomera chimatha kudzalidwa monga pachaka kapena osatha, komanso mawonekedwe a shrub. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, woyimira uyu wa banja Asteraceae amakula ku Central ndi South America. Zokongoletsera zimapereka masamba omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owumbika-ovoid, omwe amadziwika kuti amangokhala, amakongoletsa makonzedwe ake, omwe amapangidwa pakapangidwe ka inflorescence amaperekedwa ngati zithunzi chimodzi.
Zinnia idalandira dzina lake polemekeza dokotala wa sayansi ya zamankhwala, Pulofesa Göttingen Johann Gottlieb Zinn. Kupatula apo, ali woyenera chifukwa mu 1796 mbewu iyi idafika ku Europe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, botanists ndi obereketsa agwira ntchito molimbika, ndipo masiku ano mitundu yoposa 20 ya zinnia idadulidwa. Koma mwa iwo, awiri okha ndiotumphuka - wopendekera komanso wachisomo. Ndi omwe adakhala maziko olima mbewu zam'munda, zomwe zimatha kupatsa wamaluwa mitundu yambiri yazikhalidwe ndi mitundu.
Kodi mtundu wabuluu umatanthawuza chiyani?
Kwa ambiri, imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhazikika, bata komanso kuzizira. Kuwona maluwa akutuwa, mutha kumva kukoma kosasinthika. Komanso, lingaliro ili silimachitika kokha ndi amisitala wamaluwa, komanso akatswiri. Zomera zoterezi zimafanana ndi thambo kapena madzi patsiku ladzuwa. Komabe, zachilengedwe, maluwa abuluu ndiwosavuta. Mwambiri, izi zimawapangitsa kukhala okopa kwambiri kwa ambiri a ife, chifukwa munthu, monga lamulo, amakopeka ndi chilichonse chosazolowereka komanso chosowa.
Zizindikiro zamtambo wamtambo (buluu)
Moyo wam'mawa komanso wophukira ungathe kufotokozedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, pakati pomwe duwa lamtambo siliri lomaliza. Makamaka chomwe chimawoneka bwino ndi mawonekedwe a ma petals, ofanana ndi nyenyezi. Chifukwa chake ndizosavuta cholakwika ndi dzuwa, kuzungulira kwa dziko lapansi kapena pakati. Maluwa amtundu wa buluu awa samangokhala pakati pa oyamba kuwonetsa kuyambika kwa masika, komanso akuphatikizidwa ndi chisangalalo chakuthupi, nyonga ndi chisangalalo cha moyo. Chomera ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kutha kwa dzinja komanso chikondwerero cha kupambana imfa.
Panali malo a maluwa awa mu Chikhristu: mophiphiritsa, chikho cha duwa chotsegulidwa m'mwamba chimatha kufotokozedwa kuti chikuvomereza mphatso ya Mulungu ndi chisangalalo cha mwana kuchokera ku chilengedwe chomwe chikuwoneka mu paradiso. Aaziteki amadziwanso mitundu iyi, yomwe imawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha chisangalalo cha moyo komanso kufa kwa kukhalapo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya zinnia ndi maluwa abuluu: mayina ndi zithunzi
Mitundu ya zinnia imaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu, komabe, zomwe zakhala zikulimidwa ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi maluwa abuluu. Mayina ndi zithunzi sanganene zochepa ngati simukudziwa mawonekedwe awo.
Zinnia ndichabwino. Chikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu phesi lamphamvu ndi lolimba, yomwe mkati mwa kukula imakhazikika, ma pubescent olimba amawonjezeka, amakula mpaka 1 mita. Chojambula chokongoletsera chachikulu ndi inflorescence yayikulu yokhala ndi mainchesi 15 cm, omwe amatha kuphatikiza mitundu. Monga alimi, mitundu iyi yakhala ikutidwa ku Europe kwa zaka zopitilira 200.
Zinnia yopapatiza. Mtundu wamtunduwu umakula ngati chitsamba chowongoka chofalikira mpaka masentimita 45. Pa mphukira, inflorescence a sing'anga kukula achikaso aumbidwe. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtunduwu udagwera m'gulu la mbewu zomwe zidalimidwa zaka 150 zapitazo.
Zosiyanasiyana
Polankhula za zinnia zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kulabadira mitundu yake, yomwe ili ndi zambiri. Zinnias zokhala ndi maluwa abuluu ndizowoneka bwino; mayina awo amamveka okongola.
Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za kupatukana kwawo ndi kutalika, kutengera komwe mungathe kusiyanitsa mitundu yazomera zotsatirazi:
- patali. Ochepera kutalika mpaka 30 cm;
- kukula kwapakatikati. Kwa iwo, malire ndi kutalika kwa 70 cm;
- wamtali. Mitundu yambiri ya gululi imatalika kuposa mita imodzi.
Koma choyambirira, mitundu ya zinnia imasiyanitsidwa ndi phale lojambula bwino, lomwe limadabwitsa malingaliro. Ma inflorescence ake nthawi zambiri amakhala owala kwambiri komanso opepuka, kapena atha kukhala ndi kapangidwe koyenera kwambiri, koperekedwa mitundu wodekha, ya pastel. Maluwa a Reed samasiyana monga mawonekedwe, komanso makonzedwe: Maluwa omwe siabiriwiri amapita mizere iwiri kapena itatu, ndipo maluwa awiri amapanga mitundu yayikulu kwambiri mwa mizere yotere. Mtundu wa maluwa a tubular ndi wachikaso. Osati nthawi zambiri, mutha kupeza mitundu ya zinnia, yomwe imakhala ndi mthunzi wofanana ndi maluwa a mabango. Nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a convex omwe ndizosangalatsa kwa diso.
Chizindikiro china cha gulu la abuluu wabuluu ndi kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence. Okhala m'gulu lake ali ndi dzina lapadera - mitundu. M'dziko lathu, mitundu ya dahlia ndi pompom imapezeka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ndiyofala, kuyimira gulu la chrysanthemum ndi scabiozontsvetnyh.
Dahlia dahlias. Mmera wobiriwira, maluwa okhala ndi mabango ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kupatula mawonekedwe awo, omwe ndi opindika. Terry inflorescence yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a hemispherical amawoneka oyambirira. Pofika m'mphepete mwa 15 cm, chomera chimodzi chitha kupanga maluwa 28. Pakati pagululi, mbewu zomwe zimasiyana kutalika kwake zimatha kusiyanitsidwa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya dahlia ya Zinnia ndi Benary's Giants Series. Nthawi zambiri imakula mpaka masentimita 120 ndipo imakongoletsedwa ndi mabasiketi amitundu yosiyanasiyana - yoyera, yapinki, nsomba, buluu ndi buluu, rasipiberi ndi ofiira, achikasu, ndi zina zambiri.
- Nthawi zambiri m'malo a alimi a maluwa mumatha kupeza ma daasia zinnias amtambo ndi amtambo. Maluwa a Rosa okhala ndi maluwa okongola a pinki amakula kwambiri m'dziko lathu.
- Kampaniyi imapangidwa ndi Orange Kenig ndi Tango, Scharlach, omwe adakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa a hue wolemera-lalanje. Palibe chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Crimson Monarch, yomwe imadziwika ndi inflorescence yamdima yakuda.
- Zosiyanasiyana Prinse Prinse ndi Cherry Queen - amawonetsa mawonekedwe awo okongoletsera chifukwa cha maluwa, omwe ali ndi utoto wofiirira komanso wamdima.
- Zosiyanasiyana Lavandelkonigin. Zoyambira zamtunduwu zimaperekedwa ndi mabasiketi amtundu wa lavenda wokhala ndi tint yofiirira.
- Zosiyanasiyana Violett. Izi zinnia zimasiyana ndi abale ake ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mabasiketi ofiirira.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndizachikhalidwe kusiyanitsa mitundu ina yambiri mkati mwake, yomwe mumasiyana mitundu yoyambirira ya maluwa.
- chitsanzo chowoneka bwino cha izi ndi mitundu ya Polar Bear, yomwe maluwa ake amakhala achikuda mwanjira yophatikiza yoyera ndi yobiriwira, komanso mitundu ya Envy, omwe inflorescence ake amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira;
- Posachedwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinnia yayamba kutchuka, monga Peppermint Stick. Amachita chidwi ndi maluwa azilankhulo omwe ali ndi mtundu wofiirira, wowawasa kapena wachikasu;
- pamodzi ndi iwo, zinnias zotsika mtengo zimawoneka zokongola, pakati pawo mndandanda wopatsa chidwi kwambiri - Magelan;
- Peter Pan ndi Short Staf. Ubwino wawo ndi kukongola kodabwitsa kwa inflorescence yamtundu wamtambo, wokhala ndi masentimita 10 ndi utoto wamtundu wolemera, kuphatikizapo zoyera, zonona, zachikaso, zofiyira zowala, rasipiberi ndi chithunzithunzi cha chitumbuwa;
- Swizzle mndandanda. Izi zinnias zimayimilidwa ndi mapasa awiri amapasa - Cherry Ivory, yemwe amakongoletsedwa ndi mabasiketi amtundu wamtchire ndi miyala yamchere, ndi Sarlet Yellow, yemwe ali ndi mabasiketi ofiira komanso malangizo achikasu owala.
Pompom zinnias. Chofunikira kwambiri mwa mbewuzi ndichopanga komanso maluwa nthawi imodzi. Amapanga maluwa okhathamira okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mpaka mainchesi mpaka 6. 6. Mitundu yotsatirayi ikuwonetsa bwino zokongoletsera za zinnias izi:
- kukula kwa Rotkopchen ndi Tom-Thumb, okongoletsedwa ndi mabasiketi ofiira owala;
- Zinnita wodabwitsa, inflorescence yake yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mithunzi kuyambira yoyera mpaka yachikaso ndi yofiyira.
Chrysanthemum Zinnias. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mbewuzi imalumikizidwa ndi maluwa azilankhulo, omwe amaperekedwa mwanjira zamachubu ophatikizika, osiyanasiyana. Mabasiketi awo amakhala ndi mainchesi 15 cm, ndipo chomera chimodzi chimapanga zochulukirapo 20 pazaka. Oyimira bwino a gululi la zinnias ndi mitundu yayikulu pakatikati pa New Burpee's Hybrids ndi Fantasia, momwe mawonekedwe amtundu amatha kuphatikiza mithunzi kuyambira yoyera ndi ya pinki kupita yachikasu chowala, yofiirira yakuda ndi yofiirira.
Zambiri zaukadaulo waulimi
Zambiri zamtambo wabuluu ndi zamtambo zili chikhalidwe pachaka, yomwe imadziwika ndi kusadzikuza pakukula. Zomera zimalekerera nthawi yayitali chilala ndipo chimatha kumera panthaka zamtundu uliwonse. Pakupita kwa nyengo zambiri, akuwonetsa maluwa ataliatali ndipo atha kubereka pogwiritsa ntchito njere. Omaliza ali ndi kukula kwakukulu: 1 gramu ili ndi mbewu 100.
Amakwanitsa magawo okhwima mwaukadaulo patatha masiku 55 chiyambire maluwa. Kumera kumakhalabe zaka 3 kuyambira nthawi yosonkhanitsa. Mbewu zambiri zimagulitsidwa m'njira zosakanikirana zamitundu mitundu, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zabwino kwambiri zofesa zamtengo wapezeka kwa olima dimba.
Tekinoloji yaulimi yakukula buluu ndi zinnia za buluu imapereka lingaliro kufesa mbewu panthaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zikayamba kuwoneka, zimadulidwa. Njira yodzala mbande zokulira ndi buluu ndi buluu zimakhalapo pang'ono. Komabe, zinnia zili ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta kwa olima m'minda yawo. Choyamba, kudalira kwamphamvu pa kutentha kwa mpweya - mbewu sizilekerera ngakhale chisanu pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa omwe amakhala kumadera ambiri akumpoto, komwe nthawi zambiri amabwerera ozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomera.
Pomaliza
Zinnia ndi chimodzi mwazomera zokongola zomwe zamera bwino nyengo yathu. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi utoto wachilendochifukwa chomwe maluwa adagwiritsa ntchito pokongoletsera. Chifukwa chakuti m'zaka zaposachedwa mitundu yambiri yatsopano yamitundu ndi mitundu ya zinnia, kuphatikiza buluu ndi mtundu wa buluu, yakhala ikuphulika, zakhala zotheka lero kupanga mitundu yapadera yamaluwa.
Ndipo ziribe kanthu komwe adasankhidwa kuti abzalire, zinnias zamtambo ndi zamtambo mulimonse momwe zingakhalire kukongoletsa ngakhale malo omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Koma mukadzala poyera, muyenera kukumbukira kuti izi sizilekerera ngakhale kuzizira pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kuti muteteze ku chisanu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomera kulima.
