Kodi tikudziwa chiyani za mavwende a Astrakhan?

Chivwende, mabulosi okoma - mankhwala omwe amakonda kwambiri dzuwa kulowa dzuwa. Anthu aku Russia ali ndi chilankhulo chofotokozedwa bwino: china chake chomwe winawake wanena kuti "osati mavwende amayamba, koma chilimwe chimatha", amakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe muyenera kukhala ndi chipatso chakumwera. Kodi nchifukwa chiyani mavwende a Astrakhan amawonedwa ngati abwino kwambiri? Pali zifukwa zambiri ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu za mabulosi. Kodi mungapeze bwanji chipatso chokoma kutali ndi Astrakhan, m'chigawo cha Moscow kapena ku Siberia? Kodi ndizotheka kugawa masamba akumwera kupita ku Siberian, ndipo tikambirana za izi.

Mbiri yakuwoneka kwa mavwende ku Russia

Kutchulidwa koyamba mu nthano za mabulosi akuluakulu omwe amaperekedwa pagome la Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich adapezeka mu 1560. Koma mavwende anakula ku Astrakhan kalekale mphindi iyi. Wokonzanso kusintha wamkulu Peter I adalamula kuti abereke mavwende pafupi ndi Moscow. Komabe, palibe mbewu, kapena nthaka, kapena amisiri a Astrakhan awo sangatulutse mavwende m'matanthwe.

Mkati mwa zaka za XIX, mavwende ochokera ku Astrakhan adayamba kukhazikitsidwa ndikugulitsa pa Volga. Anzake ochokera ku Tsaritsyn kupita ku Kamyshin amabweretsanso mavwende. Masiku ano, mavwende a Astrakhan akuyang'ana ndikudikirira m'dziko lonselo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'derali mavwende amakula popanda mankhwala, zachilengedwe. Kuteteza malonda anu ku zabodza, kwapangidwa mtundu wapadera, womwe umakonzedwa kwa chivwende chilichonse.

Astrakhan, likulu la mavwende, mu Ogasiti amakhala ndi Tsiku la Astrakhan Watermelon. Ili ndiye chikondwerero cha zokolola chosangalatsa. Aliyense amene atenga nawo tchuthi amatha kulawa mavwende amwezi ndikutenga gawo lake la chilimwe naye.

Kodi mavwende amakula bwanji?

Kodi mavwende amafunikira chiyani kuti akule bwino komanso okoma? Nthaka ikamafesa mbewu za mavwende ziyenera kuzitenthetsedwa osachepera 14. Mtsogolomo, mizu imakula bwino ndikuyendetsa chakudya mu mabulosi pamtunda wa 30-32. Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 24-30. Zipatso zikamangidwa, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku sikugwera pansi pa 18.

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa la ntchito yakucha kwa mwana ayenera kukhala 2000-3000, kutengera kulimba kwa mitunduyo. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti kuti mukule mavwende mumafunika masiku ambiri osangalatsa komanso usiku wotentha.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakukula kwa ma sheet a 5-6, kuwunikira kuyenera kufikira 10,000 lux ndi kuwala kwa tsiku kosakwana maola 12. Ngati tsikulo likhala lotalikirapo, zipatsozo sizimangika bwino, ndipo ngati kuwunikirako kuli pafupifupi maola 8, mbewuyo imazizira. Nyengo zoyipa ndi kutentha kotsika kumayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda, kudzazidwa kochepa, kukoma pang'ono kwa zipatso. Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa mavwende sikophweka.

Kodi ndizotheka kuti polenga izi? Kudera la Astrakhan. Mavwende kumeneko amakhala okoma komanso okoma. Nthawi yomweyo, mavwende a Astrakhan ndi mtundu womwe umapangidwa gulu la mitundu:

Astrakhan;
yarilo;
scoric;
kuzizira.

Apa iwo amakula mavwende amwezi, chozizwitsa chachikaso. M'malo ena, mavwendewa amafanana ndi maungu kulawa, ndipo ku Astrakhan ndiwakonda kwambiri anthu akumudzi. Ichi ndi chipatso chosalala kwambiri ndi kutumphuka kowonda, chosayenera kusungidwa ndi mayendedwe. Chifukwa chake, mavwende amwezi ku Moscow masana ndi moto samapezeka.

Mavwende a Astrakhan amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwak pakati pamikwingwirima yakuda ndi yopepuka kuyandikira mchira. Malowo omwe amakhala kuti akukhudza nthaka ayenera kukhala ochepa komanso lalanje. Mchira umauma, koma osati wouma. Kodi mavwende a Astrakhan amapsa liti? Ku Moscow, amatha kuwonekera mu Ogasiti.

Kodi ndi mavwende ati omwe sayenera kugulidwa?

Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi mavwende ati omwe mumabweretsa kunyumba - Astrakhan, Uzbek kapena ku Kazakhstan, simungagule chivwende pazinthu zotsatirazi:

kumbali ya misewu yotanganidwa, momwe mavwende amatenga mpweya, amadetsedwa;
malo oyera oyera kapena owala amawonetsa kusowa kwa kutentha kwa kusasamba;
kuwonongeka kwa peel - cholembera chikunena kuti chivwende chinapopera ndi chitsamba chamchere kuti chikhwime mwachangu, kutumphuka kozungulira kunali pafupifupi zowola zamkati;
mavwende sayenera kuwonongeka;
palibe mchira - kudikira kuti agwire;
muyenera kusankha cholembera china cholemera 5-7 kg.

Ngozi yayikulu ikudikirira osakonda othawa mavwende akale, omwe adakula pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopopera. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mupeze chipangizo choyezera nitrate obiriwira.

Kodi mungakulitse bwanji chivwende kunyumba?

Mutha kukulitsa mavwende okoma, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti boma limatentha komanso kuwala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kutsatira zonse zofunika:

kusankha kwamatera;
kubzala kapena kubzala mbande panthaka yofunda;
kuthirira panthawi yake ndi kuvala kwapamwamba;
kuthana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda;
kapangidwe kake.

Kutengera ndi dera, njira zapangidwira njira zopangira mavwende panyumba. Mutha kutsogoza chikhalidwe chotseguka, m'malo obisika kapena m'malo obiriwira. Nthawi zambiri kunyumba pakatikati pa Russia, mavwende amakula kudzera mbande. Nthawi yotsala imayang'anira chitukuko, makamaka masamba asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi. Kuwalitsa kwa mbande kumafunika munthawi yakulima pawindo.

Kusankha malo okhathamira ndikofunika kwambiri. Zomera ziyenera kukhala pakuwala kwa maola osachepera 10. Amakonda nthaka yapa mankhwala kapena malo okhala. Mu nyengo ya chilimwe, imatha kumera anyezi, kabichi, mbewu za muzu, nyemba kapena nandolo. Amakonda dothi lamchenga. Vwende m'mphasa-ndowe yokhala ndi kutentha kwachilengedwe kumakula bwino. Popeza kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe dziko lapansi limawotha mochedwa pakati pa njira, mavwende okulira m'malo obiriwira komanso m'malo otentha ndi bwinonso. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 70 cm, pakati pamizeremizere malo ena 1.4 mita.

M'malo otetezedwa, zingwe zam'miyendo zimanyamulidwa ndi chingwe choluka ndikulendewera zipatso zowatsanulira kuti zisaswe chitsamba ndi kulemera kwawo. Nthawi zambiri sipamakhala mavwende opitilira atatu pachomera. Thumba losunga mazira ambiri, nthawi yambiri idzakhala yofunikira kuti mudzazidwe ndikucha. Koma pakatikati panjira ndi kumpoto kulibe nthawi.

Mavwende amathandiza kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba, koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti zigawo za nayitrogeni zimadziunjikira zipatso ndikuwononga kukoma kwawo. Zimavomerezedwa kuti nitrate imatha kudyetsedwa kokha mu theka loyamba la chilimwe, pambuyo pake mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, nayitrogeni uyu adzakhala ndi nthawi yosintha kukhala zinthu zofunikira. Kuthirira kwambiri kwa chomera kuyenera kuchepetsedwa zipatso zikathiridwa. Pakupsa, mavwende samamwe madzi. Nthawi zambiri, zipatso zapakhomo zimamera pang'ono, koma zimakhala zocheperako kuposa zomwe zimabweretsa kuchokera kumadera otentha.