Black currant, chifukwa cha kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso, nthawi yomweyo yakucha, kuphatikiza zachilengedwe zingapo, kusagwirizana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, kubereka mosavuta komanso kupulumuka mwachangu m'malo atsopano, kwatchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima amateur ndi alimi aluso ndipo ali m'malo achiwiri ku Russia ku madera olima, lachiwiri kwa sitiroberi. Ndiosavuta kufalitsa currant yakuda m'njira zitatu - kugawa tchire, kuzika mizu yobiriwira nthawi yotentha ndikukhazikika pamizere yodulidwa, nthawi zambiri mu Seputembala. Lero tikambirana njira yofalitsira yakuda currant munyengo yachilimwe, ndiko kuti, mwa kuzika mizu wobiriwira.
Kufalikira kwa currant yakuda ndi kudulidwa kobiriwira.
Kodi kufalitsa wakuda currants ndi zobiriwira kudula?
Chofunikira pano sichikhala cholakwika, nthawi yayitali kwambiri imadalira nyengo yamakono. Mwachitsanzo, pa dothi lonyowa, lopatsa thanzi, ndipo ngati pali kutentha kwenikweni, kudula kosadukiza kumatha kukula pang'ono kuposa masiku onse ndikuyika gawo lakumera pambuyo pake (chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuthamangira kudula mphukira). Zikakhala kuti zili bwino, dothi limakhala loperewera muzakudya komanso chinyezi, ndiye kuti zodulidwazo zimatha kupanga msanga, zidzakhala zazifupi, koma zitha kuyamba kupendekeka. Chifukwa chake, adzafunika kudulidwa ndikuyamba kubereka ndi zodulira zobiriwira osachedwa.
M'malo mwake, nthawi yabwino yoyambira kudula masamba osakhwima chifukwa cha zobiriwira zobiriwira ndiyo nthawi yomwe angayambe kukondana pang'ono (chidutswa chaching'ono kapena china chake), ndipo korona wawo amakhalabe osagwa. Khalendala, ikhoza kukhala kumapeto kwa June komanso koyambirira kwa Julayi, koma wolemba mizereyo adapeza zotsatira zabwino ngakhale mutabzala masamba obiriwira a currant koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Kudula mphukira ndi kuwadula kudula kumayenera kuchitika m'mawa kwambiri, kutha isanathe. M'chilimwe ndizabwino, kumacha pang'ono pang'ono, mutha kuyamba 4 koloko m'mawa ndi ntchito yabwino, ndipo ngati mukufuna zodula zambiri, ndiye kuti nthawi ya nkhomaliro mumakhala ndi zikwi zingapo. Nthawi yomweyo ziikeni mu beseni kapena mumtsuko wamadzi, kuti ziume.
Kukolola masamba obiriwira akuda.
Kodi ndi ma tchire akuda oti musankhe odula?
Kudula zodula, ndiye kuti, kufalitsa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya zakuda zakuda, nthawi zonse muziyang'ana malo, sankhani tchire tating'ono zaka zinayi kapena zisanu, koma zomwe zakhala zikupereka kale zipatso zabwino komanso zokoma.
Mwa njira, mutha kusiya zitsamba zakuda pa chomera cha mayi, ndiko kuti, musakolole kwathunthu, koma ingodulani mphukira zonse m'dzinja ndikusiya zophukira ndi masamba 4-5 pamtunda, ndiye chaka chamawa, ndendende kudula kudula. mudzakhala chomera chotchedwa mayi, chitsamba kapena tchire zingapo zophukira zamphamvu, zokonzekera kudula kudula kambiri.
Zofunika! Mukamasankha tchire chakuda kuti musadule zidula, samalani ndi maulendo angapo, ngati chitsamba chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Powoyuka, ndiye kuti izi zimayenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati makulidwe a impso, zipatso zazing'ono, nsabwe za m'masamba kapena masamba otsekemera azindikiridwa, ndiye kuti mbewu zoterezi ndizodwala ndipo sizingathe kubereka. Samalani zokhazokha zathanzi komanso zophuka bwino.
Kuwaza wobiriwira wakudula masamba
Poyamba, ngakhale zitakhala zovuta bwanji, muyenera kusankha chida, kapena zida ziwiri - chodulira ndi lumo. Osadumphira pamodzi kapena ayi. Ma secateurs akuyenera kukhala achitsulo, owoneka bwino komanso oikidwa bwino m'manja, lumo amayenera kukhala achitsulo kuti athe kudula masamba ndikuti ngakhale atatha ntchito yayitali zala zawo sizitopa ndipo sizitembenukira kwamtambo.
Kudula masamba akuda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosangalatsa, chifukwa sikuti ndi jamu, wolumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi minga kapena njerewere, yomwe, pakati pazinthu zina, imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, odulidwa amawadula palimodzi, koma mutha kuchita izi nokha.
Monga tanena kale - timasankha zitsamba zopangidwa bwino komanso zopindulitsa ndikudula chiwerengero chokwanira cha mphukira zapachaka kwa iwo popanda zizindikiro za matenda ndi tizirombo. Kupitilira apo, kuti isathe kuuma, timawakulunga ndikubowoleka ndikusunthira kumtundu, chifukwa dzuwa limawonekanso molawirira ndipo limathanso kudula mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Pambuyo poti zidule zakuda zidula ndipo mulu wokwanira wayamba, kufalitsa, musalole masamba kuvulala, kuyala mphukira pansi ndikuphimba ndi chodzaza pamwamba. Pambuyo pa izi, mutha kuyamba kudula mphukira kudula.
Zofunika! Mukamadula mphukira zakuda, nthawi zonse muzilekanitsa mitundu ndi mitundu, apo ayi ndiye kuti mungasakanize zidutswazo. Njira yabwino ndikumangirira zingwe zazikulu zamitundu imodzimodzi ndi twine ndikumangirira cholembera kumunyolo ndi chidutswa cha pulasitiki chomwe dzina la mitunduyo limalembedwa ndi chikhomo.
Pa malo, timachita izi mophweka - timatola, kutsuka ndikudula ndowa za aluminiyamu kukhala zingwe, zimangokhala zongowonjezera mapasa awo ndipo chizindikiro chaulere chiri chonse. Mwa njira, chomwe chizindikiro chake ndi chabwino ndikuti cholembera chikakanikizidwa mwamphamvu pazitsulo, ngakhale cholembedwacho chikuchotsedwa (phala limatha mu cholembera), zitheka kumvetsetsa kuti ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ili m'malo okhala ndi mipanda ndipo cholakwacho chitha.
Chifukwa chake, ndife osokonezeka pang'ono, takonzekera masitifiketi, lumo, zilembo, mapepala amtundu, chopondera chopangitsa kuti ntchito iyi ikhale yabwino, komanso, mphukira yokutidwa ndi chinyontho.
Kudula mphukira yakuda kukhala zodula, timauchotsa pamalowo ponyowa, tenga pruneryo kudzanja lamanja, ndikudula kumanzere ndikungogawa mpirawo kukhala zigawo, kuyesera kuti utali uliwonse ukhale wofanana ndi 12-15 cm ndikukhala ndi ma inform atatu kapena anayi pali mtunda pakati pa impso).
Ponena za magawo, ndiye kuti, mulingo wapamwamba ndi wotsika uyenera kukhala wotsalira. Chidutswa chopingasa chapamwamba chingathandize kuti shirizi ilowe mwachangu munthaka yaulendowo, yomwe tatiuza pansipa, ndipo, madziwo adzakoka moyenera kuchokera ku kagawo kakang'ono, osasunthika komanso osawola, koma ngati magawowo ali owongoka komanso owongoka, ndiye kuti palibe chilichonse chapadera sizowopsa.
Magawo okha amayesa kupanga pansi kuchokera pansi pa mphukira, kubwerera kuchokera pansi kuchokera pansi pafupifupi theka la sentimita. Zodula zakuda zimayenera kukhala zofanana pafupifupi kukula kwake, chifukwa chake zimakhala zosavuta kupanga ndikunyamula. Nthawi zambiri, pachikhatho chilichonse, masamba ochepa okha ndiwo omwe amatsala pa korona ya chogwiririra, ngati sichikhala chaulesi komanso chokhazikika. Ngati mutu wa m'mutu ndi waulesi, muyenera kuwuchotsa kwathunthu, koma chimodzimodzi, masamba awiri azikhala pamwamba pamutu kuti achepetse kutuluka kwa madzi (pansi pa omwe abodza).
Ichi ndichifukwa chake lumo ndi wofunikira kuti usapangire kugunda mukadula masamba osafunikira, lakuthwa - amachotsa masamba mosavuta komanso mwachangu.
Bedi lokhala ndi masamba obiriwira a currant yakuda.
Kukonzekera kwa Blackcurrant kudula kwa kubzala
Musanabzalire kudula nyemba m'nthaka, kumafunikirabe kukonzekera. Pakadali pano, zodulidwazo zimayenera kusanjidwa m'magulu ndi mitundu, motero, yolumikizidwa ndi twine, nthawi zambiri mipando 50, ndikuyiyika m'madzi kapena yankho la chopukusa chilichonse, nthawi zambiri mpaka m'mawa.
IMC, EPIN, Heteroauxin, Zircon, Tsitovit, Lariksi, Novosil ndi gulu lonse lokonzekera mofananamo (oyang'anira kukula kapena othandizira kukula) atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira kukula. Amakonda koloko ya alamu imatsitsimutsa (kudzutsa) phesi, kukakamiza kuti ipange mizu, ndipo nthawi zina imamera (zomwe zimakhala zoipa kwa honeysuckle), ndiye kuti zodulira zapachaka zimawoneka kwenikweni ngati ana azaka ziwiri (nthawi zambiri zimatengera zomwezo) ndikukhala ndi mizu yolimba.
Kusankha malo oti muzidula mizu
Tiyerekeze kuti tidula zidutswa zakuda, kuzimangirira m'mitolo mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ndikuziika m'mabeseni kapena mumbale zina zodzala ndi zokupatsani mphamvu. Zoyenera kuchita kenako? Popeza tinayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi ya 4 m'mawa, pofika 2 koloko masana 2500 odulidwa adadulidwa ndipo tili ndi nthawi yambiri yaulere kuti timangepo msipu wosavuta kwambiri wa arc wopangira mizu yathu.
Choyamba, timasankha malo oti nyumba yathu yobiriwira, ndikofunikira kuti dothi pano lisakhale loterera kwambiri, loumbika, kuti madzi apansi panthaka alibe pafupi kuposa mita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera pamtunda, apo ayi padzakhala machulukidwe okhala ndi chinyezi ndipo zowola zimachitika, kuti dothi silikhala acidic komanso wowonjezera kutentha kuti asakhale idayikidwa kwathunthu mbali ya dzuwa.
Malo abwino kwambiri ndi kum'mawa chakumadzulo, pomwe kumayambiliro kum'mawa kumawunikira malo obiriwira, kenako kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma osati pakati pausana, apo ayi kudzakhala kotentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa currants.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Chotsatira, ndikufotokozera momwe ndimachitira izi, ndipo zonse zimandigwira, ngakhale mwina pali njira zina zofanizira, koma iyi imaperekanso zotsatira pafupi ndi 100%. Choyamba, ndimawerengera malo ofunikira kuduladula kwa blackcurrant, popeza ndidula 2500, ndiye ndimapanga mizere kuti mbewu 25 zimayikidwe pamodzi, ndiye kuti, 250 kudula pa lalikulu mita.
Chifukwa chake, ndikufunika kukonzekera masikweya mita 10 mderali. Podziwa izi, ndimayamba kukonza ma arcs kuchokera pa waya wolimba wotalika mita imodzi ndi mulifupi wofanana ndi m'lifupi mwa kama, ndikuwakhomera ndi kuwotcherera kuchokera kumwamba ndi pansi, kotero kuti ndi chinthu chimodzi chonyamula. Arcs itakonzeka ndipo dothi likatsimikizika, mutha kuyamba kukonzekera.
Kuti mudzire bwino mizu, ndikofunikira kuti dothi likhale lotayirira komanso lathanzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mumtundu woyamba muyenera kuwonjezera ndowa ya humus pa sikweya mita imodzi ndi supuni ya nitroammophoska, kenako ikani zonse bwino, sankhani udzu wambiri, mulingo ndikuphimba dothi ndikutulutsa dothi - ichi ndichabwino dongo lakukulitsidwa.
Makulidwe ake osanjikiza ndi mainchesi awiri. Kenako, wachitatu wosanjikiza - kwenikweni, gawo lalikulu la michere, momwe zodulidwazo zimapangidwira. Ndikukulangizani kuti muchite izi - tengani chidebe cha mchenga wamtsinje, chidebe cha humus ndi supuni ya superphosphate ndikusakaniza zonse bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, osakaniza awa amagawanidwa moyenerera pamwamba pa malowo kuti ukulu wake ndi masentimita 10-12. Ichi ndi pilo chopatsa thanzi. Ndikofunikanso kuthira masentimita angapo a mchenga wamtsinje pamwamba.
Mulching mabedi okhala ndi masamba obiriwira a currant yakuda.
Chida chothirira
Kuthirira, kuwonjezera pa dothi, pafupifupi ndi gawo lalikulu la chipambano. Masamba nthawi yoyambirira ya moyo wawo, pafupifupi mwezi, ayenera kukhala ndi chinyezi pang'ono pamaso pawo, ndipo chinyezi chofunda chokha chikhale chokwanira. Mungakwaniritse bwanji izi? Ndiwosavuta - kugwira chitoliro mu wowonjezera kutentha, kukonza pafupi pansi pamtunda wobiriwira ndikuyika ma nozzles mu chitoliro - kwenikweni chifunga chamadzi.
Popeza nyumba yathu yobiriwira ili ndi kutalika kwa mamilimita khumi, tikufunika mazinga 6-7 ndi mita 10 ya chitoliro chapulasitiki chokhala ndi pulagi yolowetsa mpope wake ndi mpopi, osatinso. Ziphuphuzi ndizopukutidwa bwino mapaipi apulasitiki, ndipo ngakhale zimayambitsa dongosolo lothirira lonse kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yopunthira.
Kupitilira apo, njira ziwiri - kaya pamanja kusintha madzi kapena kuyika pampu. Zomwe zili zabwino pakusintha kwa madzi pamanja - ngati magetsi atazimitsidwa, pampu imasanduka chidole chodula ndipo mbewu zitha. Zachidziwikire, mutha kugula jenereta, koma kenako imafunikira zomvera za autostart, mwambiri, tisiya zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali zamitundu yayikuluyi yobiriwira.
Titha kusankha kuthirira kwa madzi kuchokera payipi yokhazikika. Anatsegula mpopi, madzi kudzera m'mphuno asanduka chifunga ndipo patatha masekondi 6 ndi 7 kampopi atha kutseka, filimu yopyapyala yamadzi ili kale patsamba lililonse komanso dothi. Chofunikira pano sikuti kutsanulira osati kutsanulira. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kuzizira, ndiye kuti mutha kuthirira ma 4-5 pa tsiku, ngati kuli kotentha, ndiye kuti mukuchulukitsa kawiri - usiku ndi nthawi yopumira.
Kubzala zodulira zobiriwira komanso pogona
Zonse zikakonzeka, mutha kupukuta mosamala momwe zidakhalira kuti zisasokoneze, ndikuyala zodulidwazo molingana ndi dongosolo lomwe lakonzedweratu ndi ife, ndikuziwulitsa ndi theka ndi theka kapena mainchesi awiri ndikusindikizani pang'ono ndi chala chanu ndi chida chanu. Nthawi zambiri, zimatenga maola angapo kubzala 2500 kudula kwa blackcurrant blackcurrant, kuti nthawi zina mutha kutseka wowonjezera kutentha ndipo, ngakhale osavala ndi filimu, muthiriritse.
Mukamaliza kubzala zodula zonse zakuda, ndikofunikira kutseka chodaliracho kwathunthu ndikuchiyika pansi ndikuchiphimba mwamphamvu ndi filimu mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti, pomwe gawo la filimuyo lingathe kuukitsidwa.
Zofunika! Mphepo kuti isawombe, ndiye kuti ingowolokerani zikhomo zazitali masentimita 5 m'makona ake ndikuzikhomera pansi, kenako mkuntho, womwe umachitika pafupipafupi, usawonekere mwadzidzidzi padenga la nyumba yoyandikana nawo kapena yanu.
Mwa njira, ndibwino kutenga kanema wamkaka wamkaka, kudzera momwe palibe chowoneka, ine pandekha ndidazindikira kuti pansi pa filimu yotere mbewu zimamera bwino. Ngati nthawi yozizira imaphwa bwino komanso yopindidwa bwino, yoyikidwa pamalo otentha, ndiye kuti imatha kuposa chaka chimodzi.
Chitsamba chaching'ono cha currant yakuda.
M'malo momaliza
Ambiri amalemba kuti mizu yomwe imadulidwa zobiriwira za blackcurrant imapangidwa mkati mwa masabata angapo pambuyo poti zodulidwa zibzalidwe munyengo yobzala, izi zili choncho. Koma mizu yotere siinakonzekere kukula m'nthaka ya coarser, chifukwa chake, zodulidwazo sizili zokonzeka kubzala pabedi kuti zikule.
Ndikukulangizani kwambiri kuti musathamangire, kudikirira mpaka pakati pa Seputembala ndipo mwayamba kale kudula masamba obiriwira a currant yakuda, ngati mitengo yodziyimira panokha, kupita pabedi, ndipo patatha chaka - kupita kumalo okhazikika.
Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mizu mukafuna kukumba mizu yozika mizu, ndikukulangizani kuti musagwiritse ntchito fosholo, monga ambiri amachita, koma mafoloko.
