Mwachilengedwe, mumakhala mitundu ya maluwa osiyanasiyana, kuchokera oyera-oyera mpaka maroon, pafupifupi wakuda. Ndipo, zoona, pakati pawo pali mitundu yambiri yamaluwa achikasu. Zina mwazosowa mashelufu ndi sill sill, ena, m'malo mwake, atchuka kwambiri pakati pa olimawo chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo komanso kusachita bwino kwawo. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa achikasu, omwe angagulidwe ku malo ogulitsira maluwa - ndi phalaenopsis, dendrobium ndi oncidium ndizofala kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti kusamalira mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma orchid ndi kosavuta, zambiri mwazomwe zimabzala mbewu izi zimasiyana kwambiri. Momwe mungaperekere orchid yanu ndi malo abwino kwambiri okukula bwino komanso maluwa ambiri?
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phalaenopsis wachikasu
Phalaenopsis - kalasi, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo, pinki, lilac, mitundu yachikasu. Iliyonse mwa mitunduyi ndi yokongola mwa njira yake.
Sizokayikitsa kuti pali katswiri wamaluwa yemwe samadziwika bwino ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri awa. Rosette yayikulu yamasamba ofanana ndi masamba achikopa, zingwe zakuthambo zamizu. Mbale wolimba mwamphamvu, pomwe maluwa akuluakulu opangidwa ndi njenjete okhala ndi sera wandiweyani amawonekera, kutha kukhala owala bwino komanso atsopano kwa mwezi umodzi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phalaenopsis yachikaso ndiyabwino: Pakati pawo pali onse opepuka, pafupifupi zonona, ngati Anthura Gold ndi Domenica, ndikujambulidwa mu utoto wowala, wokhazikika, mwachitsanzo, Ukongola wa Golide. Ma petals a ambiri aiwo amakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga owoneka bwino, mikwingwirima ndi ma banga, ngati Gold Rush, Dragon's Charm ndi Meraldy Breckenbridge. Mlomo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana.
Phalaenopsis ambiri - m'malo akulu mbewu wokhala ndi peduncle mpaka mita kutalika. Komabe, mitundu ina yaying'ono simapitirira kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Maluwa amatulutsa masika, ndipo inflorescence imatha kukhala ndi kufalikira masamba atsopano kwa miyezi 6-8. Zomera zokha zimakhala zaka 6-8.
Mtundu umodzi wa dendrobium, Dendrobium phalaenopsis, monga dzinalo limatanthauzira, chikuwoneka chimodzimodzi ndi phalaenopsis. Sikovuta kusokoneza, koma njira zokulira mbewu izi ndizosiyana kotheratu.
Zomwe zimafunikira kwa maluwa okongola kwambiri
Phalaenopsis osiyanasiyana ndiwo osapanga zambiri kwambiri wa ma orchid. Kuti mukulitse ndi kukwaniritsa maluwa akutali, opaka bwino, ndikofunikira kuti mbewuyo ipatse nyali yoyenera, chinyezi chokwanira komanso gawo lofanana ndi moyo wawo wa epiphytic.
Palibe zovuta kusamalira ma Phalaenopsis a Yellow, chifukwa ndi odzikweza kwambiriPhalaenopsis sakonda kuwala kowala kwambiri, pazenera lakum'mwera ndi lakum'mawa, masamba ake achikopa m'masiku oyambira osachedwa kuphimba malo owuma ndi dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kumusankhirani ngodya yokhala ndi kuwala kosiyanitsidwa, mawonekedwe akumpoto kapena kumadzulo.
Kutalika kwa masana kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu mokwanira - pafupifupi maola 14. Chifukwa chake, m'dzinja-nthawi yachisanu, ndikofunikira kuti muwunikire mbewu pansi pa nyali ya fluorescent.
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, munthawi ya kukula, kutentha kwa chipinda sikuyenera kupitirira +25, apo ayi, phalaenopsis siliphuka, ndipo maluwa akutuwa kale amatha. Panthawi yonse yopumula, mbewuyo imayenera kupatsidwa kutentha kwa madigiri + 16-18.
Chomera chimafuna kuthirira kwambiri, koma nthaka sikuyenera kunyowa nthawi zonse - pakati pa kuthirira, ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yowuma. Ndikofunika kutsitsa miphika yamaluwa mumtsuko wamadzi otentha kwa ola limodzi ndi theka, kuti gawo lawolo likwaniritse bwino, ndikuphatikizira "bafa" yamtunduwu ndi shawa yabwino.
Onetsetsani kuti nthaka ili ndi nthawi yowuma pakati pa kuthiriraIzi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse fumbi kuchokera masamba ndikuwatsitsimutsa, koma nthawi yamaluwa motere ndikosayenera. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito madzi ovuta kwambiri.
Phalaenopsis amayenera kuthiridwa mankhwala kangapo patsiku, kuyesera kuti asafikire maluwa. Ndikofunika kuchita izi madzulo, kuunika sikakugwera pamalowo, apo ayi malensi ang'onoang'ono-ang'ono amatha kuyang'anitsitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikuyambitsa kuyaka.
Mizu ya mlengalengawobiriwira pakuwala ndikuyang'anitsitsa kutuluka mumphika, osatero sindingadule - iwo, monga masamba, amatenga nawo gawo pazithunzi, komanso amatenga chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndikofunika kunyowetsa iwo kuchokera ku botolo lopopera limodzi ndi masamba. Mukabzala, ndibwino kusankha chidebe chowonekera pomwe mizu yake ikhala.
Monga maluwa ena aliwonse a epiphytic, ma phalaenopsis amafunika dothi kuchokera kumakungwa a mitengo yosemedwa ndi mbewa. Mutha kugula gawo lapansi lomalizira mu sitolo.
Thirani ndi kudyetsa phalaenopsis
Ma phalaenopsis achikasu, monga ena, sasowa ma transplants pafupipafupi. Komabe, zaka zitatu zilizonse, pomwe makungwa a pine ndi sphagnum mumphika amasanduka fumbi, ndikofunikira kusintha m'malo mwatsopano.
Ndikwabwino kufalitsa mbewu m'chaka, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya kukula - kuti ichira msanga. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchita izi mukangogula maluwa, koma ngati anagula nthawi ina pachaka ndipo ali bwino, kuli bwino kudikira.
Osayala phalaenopsis nthawi yamaluwa, apo ayi adzaponya maluwa. Kubzala moyenera kumayimitsa maluwa otsatila kwa milungu ingapo, yolakwika - idzapangitsa kuti mbewuyo isaphidwe nyengo yonse.
Mizu, yomwe imamangiririka kumakoma a poto, iyenera kulekanitsidwa mosamala, kusamala kuti isaphwanyidwe kapena kuwonongeka, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa mizu kumadzaza ndi kuvunda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthira madzi kapena kuwiritsa mumphika mumadziwo maora angapo musanatsanulidwe.
Mizu yochotsedwa imatsukidwa, yakale, youma ndikuchotsedwa. Gawo lomwe mizu imadzazidwa mumphika watsopano silingasinthidwe, liyenera kumasuka. Pansi pamphika muyenera kuyika ngalande, mwachitsanzo, makala.
Mukathirira phalaenopsis yachikasu posachedwa m'madzi, mutha kuwonjezera Heteroauxin kapena Zircon - zolimbitsa mapangidwe azu. Izi zikuthandizira duwa kukula mizu yatsopano.
Kuphatikiza koyenera kuvala kwapamwamba kumtunda ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chomera chingaletse maluwaFeteleza amathandizidwanso mukathirira, pa maluwa - kawiri pamwezi, panthawi yogonera - osapitirira kamodzi pamwezi, ndi theka la ndende.
Popeza m'chilengedwe, maluwa a m'mimba amakula pamtundu wosauka, kuledzera mopitirira muyeso kudzatsogolera ku chakuti mmera uyamba kunenepa ndi kusiya maluwa. Choyipa kwambiri, chimwalira.
Mitundu ya Matenda ndi Tizilombo ta Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis sakonda kudwala, koma sangatchulidwe kuti sangawonongeke. Nthawi yogona, amakhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:
| Powdery Mildew / Ashtray | Pa masamba achikopa achomera, masamba ndi masamba akuuluka bkanema wa kangaude Matenda a fungal nthawi zambiri amapezeka pomwe chinyezi chimakhala chambiri komanso kutentha kukwera kwambiri maluwa. |
| Sopo bowa | Amapereka filimu yakuda. Nthawi zambiri sizimadziwoneka zokha, koma monga mnzake wa tizirombo: tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi mphutsi, zomwe zimasiyira masamba ndi makungu awo. Ndizowopsa chifukwa zimasokoneza photosynthesis ndikuchepetsa mbewu. |
| Zoyota | Zowonongeka zamakina, kutentha m'chipindacho kumakwiyitsa masamba ndi mizu, omwe ikhoza kuwononga chomera mwachangungati palibe kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu |
| Woteteza tsamba | Matenda omwe masamba amasamba amafundidwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba ndikuvunda. |
Ndi zizindikiro za matenda a fungus, kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal kukonzekera ndikofunikira, mwachitsanzo, sulufule ya colloidal ndi othandizira ena, monga Topsin-M. Kuwaza mizu ndi masamba kumathandizidwa makamaka ndikuchotsa ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa kwa minofu yathanzi komanso kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zoyipa zomwe zidapangitsa matendawa.
Mabala otsalira atachotsedwa ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi owuma -ophwidwa wofinya wa kaboni kapena sulufule.
Ma phalaenopsis achikasu ndi tizirombo tawonongeka. Izi ndi:
- Nematode - nyongolotsi zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala mu tinthu ta masamba ndi mizu;
- Spider mite - nthata yaying'ono yomwe imadya chakudya ndi chomera ndipo imasiya ma punquence ooneka ngati "kangaude" pakhungu la masamba;
Spider mite imatha kupezeka ndi "punctures" pamapepala- Nsabwe za m'masamba - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri timatulutsa masamba okhala ndi shuga;
- Ma thrips - nsapato zakuda, kubisala munthaka ndi kuyamwa madzi kuchokera pamasamba ndi ma peduncle;
- Scutellum ndi pseudoscutis ndizilombo zomwe zimatsogolera moyo, kudzipanga zokha ngati masamba pamakala;
- Whitewich ndi gulugufe woyera wowonekera bwino. Onse akulu ndi mphutsi amadya timadziti ta phalaenopsis, kumana chomera champhamvu;
- Mealybug - kachilombo komwe kamaoneka mtanda woyera. Imabisala kumizu ndi m'makola amatsamba, nthawi zambiri matendawa amadutsa osadziwika.
Kuti muthane nawo, mbewuyi imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso ma acaricides: awa ndi Actellik, Fitoverm ndi mankhwala ena ofanana. Njira yothetsera phulusa ndi phulusa la phula, kukhala ndi zamchere. Zomera zonse zowoneka ziyenera kusungidwa pamanja ndikuwonongeka.
Motsutsana nematode mankhwala anthelmintic amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Dekaris, ndikuwotcha otentha, mpaka madigiri 40 ndi madzi.
Chomera chodwala chiyenera kukhala kwayekha pofuna kupewa matenda a toyesa matenda athanzi.
Kufalitsa kwa Phalaenopsis
Kufalitsa mbewu za phalaenopsis kunyumba sizigwira ntchito. Amakonda kumangika, ang'ono kwambiri ndipo samamera popanda gawo la fungus yapadera. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupeza buku lina lanu labwino kwambiri la phalaenopsis mwa kugawa malo ogulitsira, pogwiritsa ntchito kudula, kapena kudzera mu mizu ya ana.
Mukamasankha njira yolerera, muziganizira ngati nkotheka panyumba komanso ngati duwa limakhala labwinoAna amapangidwa mu axils masamba akutchingira ndi pa peduncle. Pakuwoneka kwawo, mutha kulimbikitsa mbewuyo, kuipatsa nthawi yotalikirapo masana ndikuchepera pakati pa kutentha kwamasana ndi usiku kapena kutsitsa impso ndi phala lamafuta. M'malo abwino, nthawi zambiri amadzigaya.
Pambuyo kuwonekera awiriawiri masamba owona ndi awo mlengalenga adadzipatula ndikubzala mu chiwiya china. Ngati mizu yake siziwoneka, ndipo mbewuyo ikafooka chifukwa chakuti mwana amatenga mphamvu zake zonse, amatha kudzipatula kale, ndikuyika malo obiriwira, kudikirira kuti muzu.
Zogwiritsa ntchito zimathandizira kuti izi zitheke. kapena ingoyikani mwana pafupi ndi chidebe chamadzi, kumene amayamba kufikiramo.
Kuzika mizu m'magawo a peduncle kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kumera mbande zambiri nthawi imodzi. Mfuti yosemedwa imadulidwa mzidutswa, iliyonse yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi impso. Magawo amasakanizidwa ndi makala amoto. Zidula zimayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, pamtunda wambiri komanso kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 25.
Kugawika kwa malo ogulitsira sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kokha komanso ma tchire akulu olimba.. Chitsamba chimadulidwa ndi ma secateurs, mizu yowonongeka imaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wa mpweya kuti usawonongeke.
Phalaenopsis sikuti pachimake: choti achite
Chifukwa chomwe phalaenopsis wachikasu amakana kutulutsa nthawi zambiri imakhala masana. Potere, nyali ya fluorescent kapena kusintha malo kuti ikhale yowala kwambiri kudzathandiza.
Kutentha kwambiri kumakhudzanso maluwa osati komanso maluwa. Mphepo yopanda chinyezi yokwanira imakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana pomwe chomera sichipopera.
Komanso, vuto limatha kuchitika chifukwa chokhala ndi michere yambiri kapena kudyetsa kwambiri. Duwa limakhala lonenepa, likukula masamba ambiri osati kutaya miyendo. Kuti izi zitheke, muyenera kuzisintha kukhala gawo losauka ndipo osadyetsa kwakanthawi.
Kuthandiza chomera pachimake, mutha:
- Masiku angapo motsatana mumusambitse. Izi zipangitsa kuti maluwa adzuke. Komabe, chifukwa chake ziyenera kuyikidwa: duwa lochiritsidwalo silingathe kulembedwa monga choncho.
- Kuti maluwa apangidwe kukhala duwa lambiri, pambuyo poti ndikusintha kapena kusintha kwa chakudya, amafunika konzani mtundu wamvula - Osamathirira madzi ndipo musampopera mankhwala kwa milungu ingapo.
- Muthanso kuwonjezera Epin kapena chowonjezera china kumadzi kuti utsiwure chomera.
Kutsatira kokha zofunikira zowunikira, kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba ndizomwe zimalola kuti mbewuyo ichimereKomabe, posamalira bwino, wamaluwa sadzakumana ndi vuto ili - phalaenopsis imaphukira kwambiri chaka ndi chaka, kusangalatsa mwini wake ndi mtambo wa maluwa owala agolide. Chomera chosasangalatsa ichi chimakonda kusamalira.
