Kuyang'ana kwamakomo m'munda kapena pa chiwembucho kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza maloto ophatikizika omwe mumakhala momwe mulili chilengedwe komanso zopanda moyo. Munda wokongoletsera wamwala umakhala ndi miyala yonse yosakanika ndi miyala yozizira komanso malo obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mphamvu yakeyake. Malo okhala mapiri opangidwa modabwitsa, omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi udzu wobiriwira, amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwoneke ngati wogonjetsa mapiri a mapiri ndikukhala ndi kukongola kwawo kwapadera.
Pali mitundu yambiri yamapiri a alpine ndipo mutha kusankha zomwe zili zoyenera pazida ndi zokonda. Koma kupanga "chiwonetsero chofunikira" m'munda mwanu ngati m'munda wamiyala sikungoyala miyala mokhazikika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri, kudekha ndi kuyesetsa kuti mukhale ndi chithunzi chonse ndikupeza zotsatira zapamwamba. Pali malamulo angapo oyenera omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitsatiridwa mukakhazikitsa phiri lanu lamapiri nokha.
Kusankha malo okhala phirili
Choyambirira chomwe muyenera kuyamba ndikuyamba kusankha malo patsamba lomwe chinthucho chidzamangidwenso. “Nkhope” ya mapiri a kumapiri iyenera kuyang'ana mbali yakum'mwera chakum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, ndipo "phirilo" (ngati lilipo) liyenera kulowera kumwera. Chiwembucho chizikhala dzuwa ndi lotseguka. Chomwe chiri pamenepo sichingawonekere chosungulumwa komanso chokha. M'malo mwake, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mogwirizana ndi zinthu zonse zoyandikana ndi zapafupi ndi chikhalidwe. Malo abwino oti dimba lamwala ndi malo achisangalalo kapena gawo pafupi ndi nyumba yogona. Kapangidwe kabwino kameneka kamakopa chidwi ndikupanga chidwi.
Chiwerengero cha zinthu
Mukasankha malo ndikuwunika malo omwe mungagwire ntchito, mutha kuyambitsa mapulaniwo. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsa zojambula ndi zojambula zam'tsogolo, kapangidwe ka ntchito ndipo, zoona zake kuchuluka kwa zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuti mukwaniritse ntchitoyi mufunika miyala yamitundu yambiri. Chiwerengero chawo chimatengera kuchuluka ndi mitundu ya mapiri a alpine. Mwachitsanzo, ngati phiri lalitali kwambiri mulifunikira miyala ikuluikulu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira (popanda kuchitira zina), yomwe idzagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeseza gorge, thanthwe, malo otsetsereka a phiri kapena phiri. Miyala yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati rectangle ndiyofunikira pomanga khoma losunga. Komanso, tchipisi zamiyala, miyala, miyala, mchenga ndi simenti ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Mukamapangira munda wamiyala ndi dimba la maluwa (rocariya), zimaganiziridwa kuti malo oterowo adamangidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo safunikira kusintha kwapafupipafupi, chifukwa chake zinthu zamiyala zochepa ndizofunikira pa izo. Koma kupanga mabampu omasulira, miyala idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kuti apange chinthu chachilengedwe komanso chogwirizana, opanga maonekedwe amawalangiza kuti azingosankha miyala yokhazikika m'malo mwala limodzi. Kulemera kochepa kwambiri kwa mwala umodzi waukulu sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana kilogalamu makumi atatu, ndipo kulemera konse kwa miyala ikuluikulu m'derali kumayambira ma kilogalamu mazana anayi. Kulemera konse kwa "mwala" yaying'ono (miyala kapena miyala) ya munda umodzi mwala ndi 300-500 kg.
Ndikofunikira kuganizira njira zotengera miyala ndi zinthu zina zolemera pamalopo. Galimoto iliyonse yoyenera imatha kupulumutsa nthawi, khama komanso thanzi. Gwiritsani ntchito malo omangawo pokhapokha ngati zida zonse zofunikira zilipo.
Magawo akulu antchito
Ntchito zonse zimakhala ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu, koma musanafike kwa iwo, muyenera kuzindikira gawo, molingana ndi dongosolo lomwe lakonzedweratu, onetsetsani zotsatira zoyambirira ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, mukonzenso, ndikusintha pang'ono. Mothandizidwa ndi chingwe kapena mapasa, zikhomo zamatabwa ndi nthiti zowala, muyenera kufotokoza zomwe zili paphiri la kumapiri ndikupanga zinthu zazikuluzikulu. Pambuyo pake, mutha kupitirira gawo loyamba.
- Dothi liyenera kuyeretsedwa, malo okumbamo ayenera kuyikika (ngati miyala yakonzedwa kuti ikonzedwe), mabowo opangira mapulani ndi miyala yokwezeka ipangidwe, njira iyenera kuyalidwa kuti ikhale ndi mitsinje yamtsogolo (kapena mtundu wina wosungira) ndipo makhoma othandizira a m'munda wamwala ayenera kumangidwa.
- Ntchitoyi imakhala yopanga miyala ikuluikulu mwanjira ya kapangidwe kake kapena kuphatikiza komanso kukonza dothi lodzala mbewu.
- Gawo lofunika kulawa, kuganiza bwino ndi kulingalira ndi zokongoletsera. Muli pobzala mbewu, kukonza zina zowonjezera ndikuyika miyala yazing'ono (miyala ndi miyala).
Ntchito yomanga
Kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kumathandizira kuti madzi asasunthike komanso kuzungulira kwa mizu ya mbewu, kumathandiza kuti nthaka isakokoloke komanso nthaka isasunthike, komanso kusungabe kutentha kwapakati panthawi yopanda nyengo. Zofunikira kwambiri pazonyowa ndi miyala (miyala yayikulu) kapena ya njerwa.
Dothi lakumtunda lokwera masentimita khumi mpaka makumi awiri (kutengera mtundu wa mwala) liyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndikuyala mozungulira mzenjemo. Kenako yotsitsani pamwamba ndikuyeretsa zomera zonse ndi mizu yake. Ngati munda wamwala wamtsogolo umakhudzana ndi mpumulo, ndiye kuti makulidwe a ngalawo ndi 10 cm, ndikumangidwe kwina kwa zosagwirizana m'deralo - 20 cm ya ngalande.
Pambuyo pakuyala ngalande yotalika masentimita khumi, imakutidwa ndi dothi lachonde ndipo nthaka imang'ambika mosamala. Damu lokwanira masentimita 20 limakhala gawo lalikulu pakumanga mapiri osiyanasiyana ndi kusakhazikika chifukwa chake sikakutidwa ndi dothi.
Zida za chipangizo cha mapiri apamwamba kwambiri
Munda wamiyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wovuta kwambiri ndipo umafunikira kuleza mtima kwakukulu ndi udindo pantchito yomanga. Kudalirika komanso kulimba kumadalira ntchito yabwino mukamapanga kamangidwe kake.
Mzere woyamba wamiyala, womwe ndi khoma lochirikiza, umayalidwa mozungulira mzere, ndikuziyika mokulira kwa wina ndi mzake ndikuzama kulowa pansi pafupifupi masentimita khumi. Podalirika komanso mphamvu yolumikizana ndi miyala, timalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito matope a simenti kapena zomatira matailosi.
Pakukula kwathunthu paminda yamtsogolo, ndikofunikira kukonza dothi, lomwe lidzakhale pansi pa thanthwelo ndikuthandizira kusunga chinyezi, komanso kupewa kukokoloka. Chochotsedwako chofalikira kumapeto kwa dzenje chimakhudzidwa kuti chikaphatikizidwe ndi peat kapena humus, komanso ndi miyala yaying'ono kapena mchenga wozungulira (wolingana ofanana). Zosakaniza zomwe zimayikidwa ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi kuti zikhale ndi madzi, zikhazikike bwino ndikuthiridwa ndimadzi ambiri kuti shrinkage isachedwe.
Pambuyo kuyanika, gawo loyamba limafikira pomanga lachiwiri. Wala wosanjikiza umayikidwa padziko lapansi ndipo miyala yachiwiri imayikidwapo, ndikuwakhomereza ndi yankho lodalirika. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pakati pa miyala muyenera kusiya malo amtsogolo ochotsera. Tetilo lachiwiri lakutidwa ndi dothi, kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka ndikusiyidwa kuti linyupe.
Ndi gawo lililonse latsopano, dera lotsatira lonyamula pang'onopang'ono limachepera. Pomaliza, mwala wina udayikidwapo, womwe udzakhale pamwamba pa mwala. Kutalika kwa phirili kumapiri kumadalira malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazoyambira. Kupanga mamitala, pafupifupi mita 10 ya dziko lapansi adzafunika.
Kuti mumalize kugwira ntchito kwa dothi, komanso kuyanika kwathunthu pazinthuzo, chinthucho chimasiyidwa kwa masiku pafupifupi 10-15. Pambuyo pokhapokha tidzatha kukongoletsa, kubzala mbewu ndikukonzanso chosungira. Zomera zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe, kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pang'onopang'ono mpaka paphiripo.
Chogwiritsira ntchito minda yaying'ono yamwala
Mapiri a Alpine otsetsereka pafupifupi masentimita zana safuna mphamvu ndi zida zochepa. Monga maziko komanso maziko odalirika omangira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zomanga (mwachitsanzo, zidutswa za njerwa kapena miyala). Ndi thandizo lawo, ma slides amalembedwa (mwachindunji pamwamba pazotulutsira madziwo), kenako osakaniza dothi amathira pamwambapa, omwe angagonjetse kukokoloka ndi shrinkage. Zomwe zimapangidwira: dothi lapansi, dongo lokulitsidwa, zidutswa za njerwa zofiira ndi miyala yaying'ono. Makulidwe apakati pamtunduwu ndi 50-60 masentimita. Danga lotsatira ndilopanda madzi, lopangidwa ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kapena mwala wosweka, womwe umayikidwa miyala ikuluikulu kapena miyala yamiyala, ndikuviika m'nthaka pafupifupi makumi anayi. Pamwamba pa mwala munda umakutidwa ndi dothi lachonde ndi makulidwe pafupifupi masentimita 20. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana izi ziyenera kukhala zopepuka, zotayirira komanso zopatsa thanzi komanso zogwirizana ndi zokonda za maluwa.
Kusintha kotsiriza kwa slide kumatenga masiku 20-25. Pambuyo pake, mutha kudzala mbewu zambiri, kukonza zingapo zokongoletsera ndi miyala yaying'ono. Zoyala zazikulu pamiyala yotere sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, ngati zingoyikidwa pansi pazipangidwazo.
Kulima minda yamiyala
Zomera zazikulu zam'mapiri a Alpine ndi zamtchire komanso zamtchire zazitali zazitali. M'malo achilengedwe kumapiri mumatha kupeza mitundu yotsika komanso mitundu. Zomera zakumunda zomwe zidapangidwa ziyenera kuwoneka zachilengedwe komanso zowoneka momwe zingathere. Ndipo kuti musunge zokongola pachaka chonse, ndikofunikira kuti muzisankha zosagwirizana ndi nyengo yozizira (zobiriwira) ndi zokometsera. Mtundu wa masamba obiriwira kapena singano umayenda bwino ndi nyimbo zamiyala.
Zomera zamiyala yamwala ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zofunika - kuzindikira, kuzizira ndi kukana chilala. Kupitiliza kukongoletsa mpumulowo ndikupanga mawonekedwe ogwirizana, olima maluwa odziwa bwino ntchito zachilengedwe ndi akatswiri opanga maonekedwe amawalangiza kubzala maluwa ndi mbewu zosakhwima poyendera.
