Kuyambira nthawi ya ufumu wa Ottoman, dolma m'masamba a mphesa anali gawo la zakudya za Sultan komanso m'modzi mwa oimira ake otchuka. Njira yophika yafika lero lero osasinthika.
Anthu ambiri akadatsutsanabe mikangano yokhudza ndani yemwe ali ndi lingaliro la kuyika masamba a mphesa, kabichi ndi ndiwo zamasamba monga tsabola, tomato ndi biringanya. A Greek amalimbikira pa chiyambi chake chachi Greek, chotchedwa "dolmas", ma Armenian ndi ma Georgian adadziyikira okha mawonekedwe amtunduwu, nkumawatcha "tolma", a Uzbek amawatcha "dulma". Palinso kuthekera kwakuti dolma idatulukira pakukula kwa zakudya zaku Turkey, chifukwa cha miyambo yake yolemera yodziyang'anira. Kupezeka kwa mbaleyi ndizodziwika ndi mayiko ambiri omwe adagonjera ku Turkic. Panthawi yogonjetsayi, a Türks adalemeretsa kwambiri ndikusintha zakudya zamayiko ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito luso loyambira.
Mulimonsemo, chinsinsi cha dolma m'masamba a mphesa, malinga ndi magwero ambiri, idapangidwira zakudya zabwino kwambiri, popeza zimakhala ndi njira zingapo zophikira, zimafunikira maluso ena ophikira komanso kuthekera kuphatikiza zogwirizana muzakudya chimodzi.
Chinsinsi cha mphesa za ku Armenia cha mphesa
Kukonzekera dolma muyenera:
- 0,5 makilogalamu a minced nyama;
- 100 g kuzungulira mpunga;
- Anyezi 2;
- Tsabola 1 wamphero;
- Tsabola wa 0,5;
- 2 tomato wamkulu;
- 30-35 masamba akulu a mphesa;
- 5 nthambi za cilantro, parsley;
- uzitsine wa basil wouma, tarragon;
- 0,5 tsp. mbewu zamphero ndi zira;
- 30 g batala;
- mchere, tsabola.
Pachikhalidwe, dolma yokhala ngati Armenia imaphikidwa patebulo ndi msuzi wowawasa-adyo kapena msuzi wowonda wamkaka - matsun, omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi yogurt yopanga kapena mafuta ophika wowawasa.
Kukonzekera msuzi muyenera:
- 200 ml kirimu;
- 3 cloves wa adyo;
- 50 g batala;
- Masipuni atatu a minti, parsley, cilantro.
Kupanga:
- Fryani wosenda wokazinga mu batala wosungunuka kwa mphindi 3 pa moto wochepa.
- Thirani zigawo zing'onozing'ono za kirimu ndikuwabweretsa ku boma la "thovu loyamba". Yatsani chitofu.
- Chekani mafuta ake ndi kusakaniza ndi zonona.
- Onjezani mchere kuti mulawe.
Mu zakudya za ku Armenia, pakukonzekera dolma kuchokera masamba a mphesa kuti ayike nyama, mitundu itatu ya nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito - mwanawankhosa, ng'ombe, nkhumba m'malo ofanana. Mfundo ina yayikulu ndikuti nyamayo samadulidwa mu chopukusira nyama, koma amaduladulidwa mutizidutswa tating'ono ndi mipeni yakuthwa.
Kukonzekera Kwazogulitsa:
- Dulani nyama mu nyama yoboola.
- Sambani mpunga ndi madzi ozizira.
- Sendani ndi kuwaza anyezi.
- Crush coriander ndi zira mu matope ndi adyo, uzitsine mchere ndi 1 tbsp. mafuta a masamba.
- Sambani masamba a mphesa ndi madzi ozizira, chotsani zodulidwa.
Dolma m'masamba a mphesa
Chinsinsi chilichonse chotsatira ndi chithunzi:
- Ikani masamba otsuko a mphesa m'mbale yakuya ndikuthira madzi otentha pa viniga ta asidi (pafupifupi supuni ziwiri pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Njirayi imafewetsa komanso kuyeretsa masamba. Lolani kuti imveke kwa mphindi 5-7, kenako kukhetsa madzi. Ngati masamba anali olimba - mutha kuwawiritsa kwa mphindi pafupifupi zisanu.
- Peel tomato mwakuwathira madzi otentha.
- Chilli ndi chilli kuwaza ndi kuwaza mu blender limodzi ndi tomato wowonda.
- Chepetsa anyezi ndi zitsamba.
- Sakanizani nyama yoboola ndi mpunga, tsabola wosankhidwa ndi phwetekere, zitsamba ndi anyezi. Knead bwino, nyengo ndi wosweka coriander, zira ndi adyo. Pepper kulawa.
Podzazidwa ndi dolma yotsika ("pasuc tolma") ndikofunikira kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito osati mpunga wachikhalidwe, komanso zinthu monga mphodza, anapiye, nyemba zazing'ono zofiira, ndi zokusa tirigu.
Mapangidwe a Dolma:
- kufalitsa tsamba la mphesa pamalo athyathyathya ndi mitsempha yambiri;
- ikani pakati ndi supuni yodzaza;
- woyamba kukulunga pansi pepalalo, kenako mbali zam'mbali, kenako ndikupikika mu chubu, kukanikiza mwamphamvu chipikacho. Chitani ndi masamba onse, ndikusiyirani zidutswa 5 za "pilo" pansi pa poto.
Mutha kuzolowera bwino momwe mungakonzekere dolma kuchokera masamba a mphesa ndikupanga bwino ndikuwonera kanema.
Pozimitsa, ndibwino kuti mutenge masamba a mphesa ochepa omwe amakolola mchaka, ndiye kuti dolma yomalizidwa imakhala yofewa ndipo mitsempha yopanda mafuta singasokoneze malingaliro a mbaleyo.
Ma cubes ophatikizika ayenera kukhala mwamphamvu kumodzi poto lozama ndi pansi lokwera, lokutidwa ndi masamba osiyira mphesa (kapena kuyika mbale pansi pansi pa poto yanthawi zonse) kuti dolma isayake pakuphika.
Chotsatira - tsanulira madzi owira mchere pamlingo wapamwamba wosanjikiza mphesa (mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito msuzi wa nyama), onjezani chidutswa cha batala ndikuphimba ndi mbale yayikulu kapena kuyika katunduyo mumtsuko wa madzi. Bweretsani mbale ndi chithupsa, khazikitsani moto pang'onopang'ono ndikupitilirabe kwa ola limodzi. Mutha kuwona ngati zili zosavuta ndikuphwanya bar imodzi: pepalali liyenera kulekanitsidwa mosavuta, ndipo mpunga uyenera kukhala wofewa komanso wowiritsa.
Dolma yomalizidwa imayenera kupatsidwa nthawi yopumula ndikukakamira. Kuti muchite izi, ndibwino kukulunga poto ndi bulangeti ndikusiya kwa mphindi 20.
Dolma mumasamba a mphesa imatha kukonzedwa mosavuta pophika pang'onopang'ono, poganiza kuti choyambirira chimakhala ndi mbale yosakhala ndodo ndipo ndi chidebe chokhala ndi mpanda.
Chinsinsi cha dolma kuchokera masamba amphesa achilendo sichosiyana ndi Chinsinsi cha amati. Kusiyanaku ndi njira yokhayo - kuyambitsa masamba owotcha kuti muchotse asidi owonjezera. Sakufunanso kuwira kwina. Ingotsanulira madzi otentha ndikusiyira mphindi 5.
Ngakhale kuti zikondwerero zapachaka zimachitika polemekeza dolma ku Armenia, kuwonetsa zoyesa zosiyanasiyana zachiyuda (mwachitsanzo, kudya mbale yotchuka ndi bowa, chitumbuwa, msuzi wamapome kapena zodzaza ndi nandolo) sizotchuka ku Azerbaijan, komwe dolma imatchulidwanso kuti ndi gawo Zakudya zamtundu.
Kukonzekera kwa dolma kwa masamba a mphesa ku Azerbaijan kumasiyana pakudzaza, ndimwambo kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zamchere (stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, etc.) m'malo ndi nyama. Ngati nyama ya minced imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mwanawankhosa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera. M'chaka, ndi masamba ambiri, makamaka zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimakhazikika - tsabola, tomato, biringanya, quince, maapulo, komanso masamba a kabichi, sorelo, nkhuyu. Nyengo Azariya dolma yokhala ndi mandimu kapena maapulo, mtedza, mafuta osiyanasiyana azamasamba okhala ndi zonunkhira zambiri. Pafupifupi mbale khumi ndi imodzi ku Azerbaijan muli mawu oti "dolma" m'dzina lake.
Dolma wokonzeka azithira otentha ndi msuzi ngati mbale yodziyimira pawokha kapena ozizira ngati chakudya cham'maso. Mwanjira iliyonse yomwe mungasankhe, ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri patebulo ndi mbale yake yayikulu. Osawopa kuchuluka kwa njira zomwe akukonzekera. Zowonadi, zovuta za dolma ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimachitika kabichi - kukonza masamba a kabichi ndi ntchito yayikulu kuposa kungogwera masamba a mphesa m'madzi.
