Carnation: Kufotokozera kwa mbewu ndi zithunzi za maluwa

Duwa lofanana ndi zokongoletsa thupi limakonda kwambiri komanso limadziwika kwambiri. Ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 300 yomwe imasiyana mitundu iliyonse ndi mitundu. Maluwa okongoletsa amanunkhira bwino komanso mokondweretsa, amatha kuyima mchingoli kwa nthawi yayitali.

Lero tikambirana za maluwa ndi mitundu yake yosatha. Muonanso zithunzi za zitsanzo zina za zovala.

Zofunikira pa Carnations

Duwa lokongoletsa dzinali lidadziwika ndi dzina lachijeremani, chifukwa kununkhikaku kunawakumbutsa zonunkhira zomwe zimapezeka pamtengo wamkati. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti maluwa otchedwa carnations alibe ubale uliwonse ndi zokometsera zomwe amagulitsidwa m'sitolo.

Komanso, carnations amatchedwa "dianthus", omwe achokera ku Chilatini amatanthauza "duwa laumulungu."

Mu chilengedwe pamenepo pafupifupi mitundu mazana atatu a zithupindi:

• zakale;
• zamitundu iwiri;
• osatha.

Ngati mukufuna chithunzi cha maluwa amitundu iliyonse, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti, ngakhale atakhala osagwirizana, amatha kusiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Momwe zachitetezo zikuwonekera: chithunzi

Mu chomera ichi, maluwa amatha kukhala ndi dongosolo limodzi, ndipo amatha kuikidwa m'magulu a inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a panicles kapena scute. Ma calyx ali ndi mawonekedwe a silinda. Mtundu wazomera zamitundu ndi zokulirapo kotero kuti kuyika mndandanda onse muzingosatheka.

Ziphuphu mumiyala yokhala ndi misomali yayitali komanso mawonekedwe velvety. Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi zipilala zisanu, ma stamen 10 ndi pestle imodzi yokhala ndi mizati iwiri.

Clove masamba udzu ndi mzerekuyikidwa mbali inayo akhoza kukhala ndi mithunzi yonse yobiriwira mwachitsanzo:

• udzu;
• lakuda
• chamtundu.

Mu chithunzichi mutha kuona zitsanzo zamitundu yomwe maluwa omwe amasiyana nawo ndi masamba awo.

Maluwa a maluwa ndi osiyana:

• knotty;
• yosalala;
• udzu;
• olemekezeka pang'ono;
• nthambi;
• osakwatiwa.

Chipatso cha Clove ndi bokosi lalitali lokhala ndi chisa chimodzi chokhala ndi chonyezimira chakuda chowonda kapena mbewu chozungulira.

Kutengera mtundu wa clove, osati mawonekedwe akewo amasiyana, komanso Zizindikiro monga:

• tsinde kutalika;
• maluwa;
• maluwa ndi zina zambiri.

Mu chithunzichi mutha kuwona zitsanzo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito carnation

Carnation achi China adawonekera koyamba ku Primorye, Japan ndi kumpoto kwa China. Kavalo wamunda amachokera ku Mediterranean. Mitundu ya ku Turkey idawonekera pakatikati pa Europe.

Maluwa ambiri oterewa ndiofala ku Europe ndi Asia. Mitundu ina imatha kupezeka kumadera ena a North America ndi South Africa.

Nthawi zambiri izi Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zotere:

• pa kulembetsa malire kapena minda yamiyala;
• chokongoletsera kapinga ndi maluwa ngati mawonekedwe kapeti wama maluwa owala;
• masitepe okumbika;
• kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa mwala m'matail;
• kapangidwe kake posungira makoma kuti awapatse mawonekedwe.

Nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito ma cloves, mutha kupanga nyimbo zamtundu uliwonse, ndipo mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula. Ngati mungafune, mutha kusaka intaneti kuti muone zomwe zingachitike ndi mitundu iyi.

Ma clova osatha ndi mitundu yake

Imodzi mwa mitundu ya ma clove - osatha, ili ndi mitundu yambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri sankhani mitundu yoyenera kutengera zomwe mukuyembekezera komanso momwe mungamusamalire. Pansipa tikuganiza kuti tidziwe zomwe mawonekedwe amitundu ina ya zovala zamkati. Mutha kuwawona ena a iwo pachithunzichi.

Clove osatha

Duwa losiyanasiyana ili ndi limodzi mwapachiyambi kwambiri. Mphepete mwa petal yakeyo ali ndi mabala akuya omwe amapereka chiyambi komanso kusewera. Komanso, maluwa otchedwa nthenga amatchedwa Hungary.

Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi tchire lofiirira lamtambo wobiriwira lomwe limapezeka mchaka choyamba. Amatha kukongoletsa dimba lililonse kapena dimba la maluwa. Cirrus clove mu vivo imatha kupezeka m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri a ku Europe.

Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu tchire. Maluwa ake ali mainchesi 3 cm, ikhoza kukhala yosavuta, kapena terry. Amaphukira kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti. Ziphuphu ndizonunkhira mwachilendo ndipo zimakhala ndi mithunzi monga:

• zoyera
• ofiira
• pinki
• magenta;
• burgundy.

Munda (Dutch) Carnation

Komwe kudabadwa mitundu iyi ya zovala zamkati ndi Mediterranean. Mtundu wamaluwa ndi chifukwa chodutsa pamtundu wina wa mbewu yopatsidwa. Amadziwika ndi maluwa mosalekeza kuyambira Juni, ndikutha ndi chisanu woyamba nthawi yophukira. Ndipo pomwe nyengo yam'madzimo imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti imatha kuphuka munthawi zamvula zokha.

M'mikhalidwe yanyumba, kuphukira kwokhazikika kwa kansalu kotereku kumawonedwa kunyumba, ngati mutabzala maluwa ndikuwasamalira bwino. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zonse muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zomwe zimamera m'maso oyipa, manyowa maluwa ndikuwapanganso zaka zingapo.

Shabo

Mtundu uwu wa zithuza ndiwonso chifukwa chobadwa mwatsopano ndipo umatchedwa dzina la mlengi wake. Maluwa ake ndiakulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ena ndipo amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana:

• maroon;
• reds;
• zoyera
• chikasu;
• pinki.

Ndipo ma phale amatha kukhala ndi chopindika, kapena kupindika kapena kupindidwa.

Ndi ma clove awa omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo, ndipo ndindudi mtundu uwu womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri m'misika. Akadulidwa, amatha kuyimirira m'madzi kwa pafupifupi sabata, malinga ngati madziwo amasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zachitetezo ku Turkey

Vala yamtunduwu yosatha ndi yosasamala pankhani ya chisamaliro, maluwa owala ndi fungo labwino. Maluwa ake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence, ndipo m'mimba mwake amatha kufikira masentimita 12. Maluwa aliwonse ikhoza kuphatikiza mithunzi itatu.

Ndikwabwino kubzala clove yotereyi m'mizere mutali wa 15 cm kuchokera ku wina ndi mnzake. Maenje akuyenera kukumbidwa mpaka masentimita awiri. Mukatha kulowa pansi kumapeto kwa chilimwe, tchire tating'onoting'ono timabzala m'malo okhazikika, pomwe timayenera kukhala osachepera 30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Zambiri za kukula ndi kusamalira ma cloves

Ngati mukufuna kuti zokongoletsa zizikongoletsa dimba lanu kapena dimba lanu nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino osalakwitsa.

Kubzala mbewu zokhazikika kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mbande patapita nthawi pang'ono, pomwe kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kudzakhala kutentha 15 madigiri. Ngati zingafunike, zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu zimatha kudzipatula ku chitsamba chachikulu.

Kudula kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Izi zachitika motere:

• dulani tsinde pansi pa mfundo mpaka 10 cm;
• upangire gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a makulidwe a tsinde;
• wobzalidwa m'nthaka yonyowa;
• zozika mizu, kuphimba ndi filimu kapena mtsuko.

Pobzala, ndibwino kuti musankhe malo owala, komabe, maluwa osiyanasiyana aku Turkey amatha kumera pang'ono. Musalole oyandikana ndi tulips, omwe amatha kupatsirana carnation ndi matenda awo, chithandizo chawo ndi njira imodzi sichotheka.

Kwa ma clove osatha, muyenera kusankha dothi lopepuka komanso lachonde, makamaka zamchere. Ndikwabwino kuti nthaka yachilengedwe ithe kugwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena phulusa.

Musaiwale za kudya pafupipafupi kwa maluwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa koyambirira kumapeto kwa tsikulo, ndiye kuti kuvala pamwamba kumafunikira masamba akapangidwa ndikupanga maluwa kuyamba. Osagwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano ndi potashi chloride kuti muthe. Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, yemwe angayambitse bowa.

Kutsirira kumachitika pansi pa muzu pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri. Madzi sayenera kugwera pamasamba ndi maluwa. Mwambiri, ma cloves samalimbikitsidwa kwambiri chinyezi. Chifukwa cha ichi, nthaka imasulidwa. Kumbukirani kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka za maluwa.

Ngati simukufuna nthangala mutakhazikika, mitu imadulidwa, ndipo timitengo timakonzedwa pang'ono. Sikoyenera kuphimba mbewuyi nthawi yachisanu ndi chipale chofewa kapena kusakhalapo. Pofuna kuti isafe nthawi yozizira, imatha kulowetsedwa mumphika koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira ndikupititsidwa kuchipinda.

Zowopsa zomwe zingachitike

Kusamalira zovala zosavomerezeka kumakwiyitsa maonekedwe a tizirombo monga:

• nsabwe za m'masamba;
• Mafunso achichepere ndi ena.

Bowa ndi owopsa kwambiri, kuti mupewe, osalola kuti nthaka ikhale ndi manyowa komanso mafetitro azitha kudziunjikira. Pofuna kupewa, nthaka nthawi zonse imamasulidwa ndi udzu. Pakatha zaka zochepa, ndibwino kuti ndikasendeza ndimavalo, kubzala tagete kapena calendula ndikololedwa pafupi.

Matenda owopsa kwambiri a cloves ndi zizindikiro zawo:

• Alternariosis - mawonekedwe pa zimayambira ndi masamba a bulauni mawanga omwe ali ndi ating kuyanika kwamdima. Maluwa amayamba kuzimiririka;
• Fusarium - gawo limodzi la mbewu limakula pang'onopang'ono, lomwe limakwiyitsa kufa ndi msanga;
• dzimbiri - bulauni-wachikasu wotupa pamasamba ndi zimayambira.

Ndi matenda otere, masamba ndi zimayambira zimakhudzidwa nawo kudula ndikuwotcha mwachangu. Ndipo chovala pachokha chikuyenera kupakidwa ndi fungicide.

Monga momwe tikuonera pachithunzipa, kukongoletsa maluwa ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kuti kukondweretse diso lanu momwe mungathere, muyenera kuibzala moyenera ndikuisamalira.