Ma Turkeys omwe adalowetsedwa kuchokera ku Old World asandulika mtundu wa chizindikiro cha USA ndi Canada, koma kwazaka zambiri nkhuku zazikulu zakhala zikukula padziko lonse lapansi. M'mbuyomu, Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turkeys adapezeka, chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe omwe angathandize alimi a nkhuku novice kupanga chisankho ndi kupindulitsa mtundu wina wa gulu lawo.
M'zaka zapitazi, nkhuku idakopa chidwi cha opanga nyama zazikulu. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti ntchito mwatsatanetsatane inayambika pochotsa zimbudzi zazingwe ndi zotupa, zomwe pofika nthawi yophera zinakula mpaka kufika pa 25-30 kg.
Mitundu yamakono imasiyana osati maonekedwe ndi mtundu wamafuta, komanso:
- nyengo yakukwaniritsa kulemera kwakanthawi kamoyo kokaphedwa;
- kulemera kwa thupi ndi chiyezo chake ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama yomwe yapezeka;
- kupanga dzira.
Mitundu ya ma turkeys oswana kunyumba amakwaniritsidwa bwino kuti azidyetsa. Mbalame yotereyi ndi yolimba, imakhazikika msanga, siyosankha posankha ma feed.
Ma bronze turkeys
Mitundu yakale ya nkhuku, yotchuka kwambiri kwa alimi a nkhuku, ili ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Ziwamba zakumbuyo kwenikweni zimawoneka zofiirira, zamkuwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna akuluakulu akulu owoneka bwino, gawo lachitatu lapamwamba la sternum ndi khosi limapakidwa pafupifupi lakuda, chimodzimodzi, kokha ndi mzere wamkuwa wakumbuyo kumbuyo. Mitambo yamafuta ndi ofiira amakongoletsa nthenga pamchira. Malingaliro oyera oyera akuwoneka m'chiuno ndi mapiko a buronzi. Kukula kumutu kwa mbalame ndi ma corals ndi ofiira owala ndikusintha kuchokera kuyera kapena buluu.
Mtundu wa akazi ndiwofatsa, koma mutha kuzindikira kuti mbalameyo ndi yoyera m'maso a mapiko, pachifuwa ndi kumbuyo, yokongola kwambiri kuposa mawonekedwe amtundu wamkuwa wa abambo komanso kusowa kwa zokongoletsera pamutu.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa Turkey ndi 18 kg, ndipo Turkey ndi 11 kg. Wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira 100 pachaka.
Mbalame zimatha kulekerera kunja ngakhale nyengo yotentha. Ku Canada, pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, mitundu yakeyake ya bronze Turkey inali yowerengeka popirira, kulemera kwabwino komanso kupanga mazira ambiri. Tsoka ilo, lero mtundu wamtunduwu waku Canada udatsala pang'ono kutayika m'mafamu. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa mbalamezi, mchaka cha 2013 kudali nkhuku 225 zokha m'dziko lonselo. Masiku ano, pakuchitika ntchito yatsopano yobereketsa ziweto zakale ndi kuswana.
Mitundu ya mbalame zamkuwa yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ku USA, ngati ya ku Canada, idachokera ku nyama zakutchire zamtchire. Koma masiku ano sagwiritsidwa ntchito konse, ndikupatsa nkhuku zambiri zamakono.
Bronze Broad-Breasted Turkeys
WoloĊµa m'malo mwa bronze anali mtundu wamatumbo otalikirana, amtundu wakunja wofanana ndi kholo lawo, koma wokulirapo pachifuwa cha thupi. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nkhuku ndi 16 kg, ndipo kwa mkazi ndi 9 kg. Mtundu wa Turkey, wolemera 35 kg, umadziwika kuti ndi woteteza mtunduwo.
Tsoka ilo, mtundu uwu wa ma turkeys sikuti ndi wobereketsa kunyumba. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi ndizopanga mazira ocheperako, mazira 50-60 okha pachaka ndikulephera kuyenda panja. Koma mbalameyi imasinthidwa mosavuta ndi zomwe zili m'nyumba za nkhuku za mafakitale.
Masiku ano, timagulu tosiyanasiyana tambiri timeneti timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana ndipo timakhala tikukula chifukwa chaulimi wankhuku.
North Caucasian Bronze Turkeys
Yobadwa mu 1946 ku USSR, mtundu wamtundu kunyumba wakula mpaka lero. Makolo a mbalameyi anali nthumwi zamitundu yakutchire komanso opanga ma boti amitengo yayitali. Anthu akuluakulu omwe amasintha ndikumangidwa kosiyanasiyana ndikusangalatsa.
Wamphongo wamkulu amakula mpaka 14 kg. Ndipo akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka. Ma Turkeys amathamanga bwino ndikupereka ana amphamvu.
Moscow bronze turkeys
Kuchokera pamatcheni amkuwa akulu ndi mbalame zam'deralo, mtundu wina wapabanja unapezeka - Turkey bronze Turkey. Zotsatira motengera kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha mtunduwo, ma turkeys amtunduwu ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso thupi lalitali. Mbalame ndizolimba, zimamva bwino kwambiri kubusa, zomwe zimaloleza kuti ma turkeys asamangokhala mu nyumba zazikulu za nkhuku, komanso m'nyumba zapafamu zawokha.
Amuna ambiri amtunduwu amtundu wa kubereka kunyumba amafikira kulemera kwa makilogalamu 19. Ma Turkeys ndiocheperako, kulemera kwawo kwakukulu ndi 10 kg.
Zoyala zazifupi zokhala ndi mabere
Mkati mwa zaka zana zapitazi, ku USA, obereketsa obereketsa agalu amapezeka, omwe lero ali ndi maudindo osatsutsika padziko lonse lapansi. Ma turkeys oyera otambalala oyera ndi omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kudutsa kwamtundu wotchuka wa ma turkeys oyera achi Dutch komanso bronze waku America wakutsogolo-wamawere masiku ano.
Chomwe chimagawitsira anthu kufalitsa nkhuku inali kulondola kwake, zipatso zambiri zamadyedwe abwino, zomwe zimafika mpaka 80% mwa kulemera kwa mtembo. Poyerekeza ndi ma bronze bronze, mbalame zoyera zazikazi zimabweretsa mazira ambiri, kuyambira pafupifupi 100 mpaka 120 zidutswa pachaka.
Ma broiler turkeys amtunduwu amakhala ndi thupi lozizira lomwe lili ndi chifuwa chachikulu chotseguka komanso chodzaza ndi msana. Mbalameyi imakhala yopaka bwino komanso imakumana ndi dzina lake. Palibe nthenga zakuda thupi, kupatula thumba laling'ono pa sternum. Miyendo ya pinki, yoluka kwambiri ndiyitali, yolimba. Zowonjezerazo ndi zowondera, zoyera, pachifuwa pali gulu la nthenga zakuda.
Tizilombo tofiyira tating'ono tomwe timayamwa timapereka mizere itatu:
- Chingwe cholemera ndi kudutsa kuchokera pamenepo ndi ma turkeys olemera 25 kg ndipo ma turkeys mpaka 11 kg.
- Mzere wapakati - amuna mpaka 15 ndi akazi mpaka 7 kg.
- Opepuka okhaokha komanso mitanda yochokera kwa iwo ndiwochenjera kwambiri komanso yaying'ono. Ma Turkeys olemera pafupifupi 8 kg, ndipo akazi amakula mpaka 5 kg.
Ziwerengero zajambulidwa sizingalephereke chidwi cha opanga nkhuku ndi okonda nkhuku zachinsinsi. Ma turkeys oyera okhala ndi mabere oyambira anali oyambitsa mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa, yopanga zipatso kwambiri komanso mitanda yozungulira padziko lonse lapansi.
North Caucasian White Turkeys
Kuchokera pakuwoloka ma turkeys amkuwa ndi mbalame zoyera zokhala ndi chifuwa choyera, mitundu yowerengeka ya broiler turkeys idapezeka - yoyera yaku North Caucasian.
Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kupanga dzira labwino kwambiri, komwe kumawerengedwa kuti ndi mbiri. Turuki wamkulu pachaka amatha kubereka mpaka zidutswa za mazira 80 a mazira 80-gram.
Zopangidwira kuswana kunyumba, mtunduwo umapezeka pamabusa popanda zovuta zilizonse ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Chithunzi ndi kufotokozera BIG 6 turkeys
Britain United Turkeys (BUT) Big 6 ndi mtanda wolemera, wobala zipatso zambiri wazaka zoyera, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama ya nkhuku. Mzere wosakanizidwa umalandiridwa ndi obereketsa aku Britain ndi Canada. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zabwino za kuswana kwanuko, malongosoledwe ndi zithunzi za ma turkeys, mtunduwu udafalikira m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwakanthawi kochepa.
Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, ma BIG 6 ma turkeys ndi mbalame zoyera zoyera zomwe:
- khosi lalitali lalitali;
- chofufumitsa chodzaza, anthu onenepa, mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a unyinjiwo
- kubwerera kumene;
- miyendo yakuuka kowongoka ya utoto wachikasu;
- maula ndi zoyera ndi malo akuda pachifuwa.
Mitu ya ma broiler turkeys ndi okongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya korali komanso yayitali, mpaka 15 cm.
Poyerekeza ndi Mitundu ina, ma BIG 6 ma turkeys akulemera kwambiri. Pofika miyezi isanu, pizza amatha kulemera mpaka 12 kg. Koma izi sizabwino. Kulemera kwa mtanda wamtondo wakulemera panthawi yophedwa kumatha kufika 25-30 kg ndi zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri zamafuta azakudya.
