Kukula kwa dahlias pachaka: chisamaliro ndi zithunzi

Dahlias ndi mbewu zosatha, chifukwa chake simuyenera kukhulupirira iwo omwe amati alipo mitundu yazaka. Ngakhale lamuloli siligwira ntchito pagawo lathu, chifukwa nthawi yayitali nthawi yachisanu nyengo yachisanu imakhala yozizira kwambiri kotero kuti dahlias imamwalira nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, mu ma latidwe athu amayenera kukhala okulidwa monga mbewu pachaka.

Komabe, pankhaniyi, dahlias imatha kukhalabe osatha. Zingofunika mu kugwa kukuta machubu awo ndikuyembekezera kasupe kuti awaokere.

Dahlias pachaka ndi chimodzi mwazomera zomwe zimapezeka pamisika yamaluwa iliyonse. Ndipo wokonza dimba aliyense wamtendere ali ndi mwayi wosankha mtundu uliwonse womwe akufuna kuti alime kutchire - kudzera mbande kapena mbewu.

Tikufika

Njira yomwe alimi amalima omwe amalima kwambiri pachaka ya dahlias ndikubzala mbande panthaka. Koma choyamba muyenera kusankha malo omwe dahlias apachaka amakula, ndipo khalani ndi zochitika zina.

Kutchera ndi kukonza nthaka

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande za dahlia m'malo opepuka, komanso m'malo osankhidwa, dothi losalowerera kapena lochita kupindika liyenera kupitilira. Pokonzekera, ndikofunikira kukumba malo pomwe nthawi yomweyo ndikuyika humus m'nthaka. Kuti nthaka ikhale yomasuka kwambiri, mchenga umawonjezedwamo.

Zowongolera

Olimi odziwa zamaluwa nthawi zambiri amakula dahlias pachaka pobzala ndi mbande. Ndipo amachita izi mwamwayi, chifukwa akudziwa kuti pamenepa maluwa oyamba kutulutsa mu June. Chifukwa chake zonse zimatha Fotokozani m'magawo awiri:

• Choyamba, mabokosi okhala ndi dothi amakonzedwa mbande zake;
• nyengo yabwino ikakhazikika, mbewu zazing'ono zimasungidwa panja.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze matanki ofesa ndi chisakanizo chopangidwa ndi peat, mchenga ndi perlite. Musanabzale mbewu, muyenera kuthirira dothi mosamala. Ngati zida zamapulasitiki zidasankhidwa kuti zikule mbande, ndiye kuti mabowo amayenera kupangidwa mwa iwo. Pambuyo poika nthanga panthaka, zimakonkhedwa ndi chisakanizo ndi mchenga. Pambuyo pa izi, mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala kuchokera mfuti ya sapota.

Nthawi zambiri njira yolera mbande imachitika popanda zovuta. Mbewu imadziwika ndi kumera bwino kwambiri, ndipo mbewu zazing'ono zimayamba kuzika mizu mutaterera.

Komabe, kumbukirani kuti kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapongati sichoncho, mbande zimadwala chifukwa chofesa pansi.

Mutha kukonzekera kubzala kwa mbande nthawi zosiyanasiyana, koma ndikofunikira kuchita izi kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Epulo.

• mbewu zikafesedwa, zotengera ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene, pambuyo pake zimasunthidwa kumalo owala, otentha. Sikuti kudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti nyemba zimere. Nthambi zoyamba zimawonekera patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu. Mbewu zikayamba kumera, malo ogona amachotsedwa, koma izi sizichitika mwachangu, koma monga mbewu zatsopano zikuwonekera;
• mbande zikakulimba, zimadumphira m'miphika imodzi. Komanso, ziyenera kubzalidwa mwanjira yoti masamba oyamba ali pamlingo wa nthaka. Pakuyambukira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lobzala lapadera, pokonza momwe mchenga ndi peat zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, zomwe zimasakanizika ndi dothi lokwana gawo pafupifupi theka la buku lonse;
• dahlias ikapulumuka bwino kusankha, imayamba kudyetsa, yomwe feteleza wosavuta aliyense amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, poti mbande zakonzedwa kuti zizidyetsedwa, zimayenera kuyikidwa pakati. Pakapita kanthawi, zidzakhala zofunikira kutsina pamwamba pa masamba anayi;
• pamene funde lomaliza lamadzi a masika litadutsa, amayamba kubzala mbande pamalo okhazikika;
• Zomera zisayikidwe pafupi 30-60 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, imeneyi idatsimikizika pakukula kwa mbeu.

Mutha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mbande ngati kumayambiriro mumusunge. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera zofunda kapena, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri, mabotolo apulasitiki amdima momwe mabowo kuti mpweya ulowemo.

Pakati pakatikati pa dziko lathu, ndibwino kufesa mbewu panthaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Kuchedwa kufesa, maluwa oyamba a dahlia sadzaphuka kale kwambiri m'mwezi wa August. Mutabzala, bedi lamundayo liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira, yemwe samachotsedwa mpaka mbande zitawonekera.

Kuswana

Kutola mbewu za dahlias zapachaka "Jolly Fellows" kumachitika mu kugwa, akamafika msinkhu wokhwima. Chifukwa chaichi kubudula mabokosi ambewumomwe mbewu zimakhalira. Amakwanitsa kukhwima pakatha masiku 30 chilangu cha dahlias chitayamba.

Mbewu zokolola ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo abwino, ouma kuti aume. Pambuyo pake, amafunikira kuthiridwa ndikuikidwa m'mapepala ndikusungidwa mpaka iwo masika.

Chisamaliro

Dahlias pachaka ndizomera zopanda ulemu, kuti azitha mosavuta popanda kuthira feteleza. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale atabzidwa panthaka yocheperako, amatha kusangalatsa wokonza dimba popanda maluwa ambiri popanda chisamaliro chapadera, komanso ngati adzakulidwa m'maderamo.

Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe wolima m'munda aliyense ayenera kudziwa: chinyezi chimakhala chovomerezeka pamalo osankhidwa kubzala dahlias, chifukwa chake ngati kuli kofunikira, chikhala chofunikira kuwonjezera chinyontho chadothi.

Dahlias safunikira kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, kufunikira kwawo kwa madzi kumangowonjezereka pakakhala masiku owuma.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Dahlias "Amasewera Oseketsa" siosiyana ndi maluwa ena onse, motero muyenera nthawi zonse yang'anirani momwe alili, munthawi kuti muzindikire kuwonongeka kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

• Ngati njira yoteteza, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba dothi lakuya nthawi yophukira chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa cha opaleshoni iyi, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha dahlias kuwonongeka ndi mbozi;
• Zotsatira zabwino zitha kuchitika mwa kuchepetsa dothi. Choyamba, opaleshoni iyi imathandiza kupewa matenda oopsa ngati fusarium. Zizindikiro za matendawa zikufuna kuchoka pa nsonga za masamba ndi masamba a dahlias, omwe amatengeka nthawi imodzi ndikusokosera kwa m'munsi mwa chomera;
• matenda a fungal amathanso kuvulaza maluwa. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotukuka ndi kukhazikika ndi kusasamalidwa. Matendawa akaloledwa, ndiye kuti masamba ayamba kuphimbidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, kenako nkuumauma ndikuyamba kugwa;
• ngozi kwa dahlia ndi zola zowola. Mutha kuzindikira ndi kufota kwa mphukira, pomwe zimayambira zimayamba kusokonekera. Mitundu ina ya dahlias imathanso kukhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya ndi zowola zofiirira, mawanga ndi matenda ena. Mutha kuchotsa mawonekedwe osasangalatsa awa mothandizidwa ndi fungicides ndi zina zowonjezera zachilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito dahlias pakupanga mawonekedwe

Dahlias "Amasewera Oseketsa" amafunidwa kwambiri ngati mbewu zokongoletsera, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe amapanga mawonekedwe opanga mawonekedwe ngati mabedi amaluwa ndi rabatki. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu okhala ndi mitundu yazipatso zosiyanasiyana. Palibe mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a dahlias, omwe amakula mwamafuta amodzi.

Pakupanga malire, ma riboni ndi ma rabatki ang'onoang'ono, mitundu yakukula ya dahlia imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa ndi izi zomwe sizipanga mithunzi wina ndi mnzake. Maluwa obzalidwa mumachubu kapena mapoto amaluwa amawoneka okongola.

Pomaliza

Pafupifupi mlimi aliyense wam'nyumba amadziwa bwino dahlias. Mababu awa ndi otchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zawo. Ndipo itha kukhala wamkulu m'malo aliwonse. Chifukwa chokhala osazindikira, safuna chisamaliro chapadera, chifukwa chake, malo aliwonse aulere angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza mabedi amaluwa ndi dahlias.

Nthawi zambiri amakula chifukwa cha njira yodzala, yomwe imalola kuti ikasinthidwe kudikira maluwa chaka choyamba. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti mu nyengo yathu ya dahlias sangakhale wamkulu mwa nthawi zonseChifukwa chake, pakugwa amafunika kukumba ndi kusungidwa m'nyumba mpaka nthawi yamasika.