Acacia Woyera

Mphepete mwa mizinda yakumwera ndi midzi nthawi yomwe maluwa atuwa oyera amadzaza ndi fungo lake, lomwe limafotokoza nyengo yakufika kwa chilimwe. Mtengowu udayimbidwa mu zachikondi zakale, munyimbo zambiri, simunamunyalanyaze mu zaluso zamakono.

Kununkhira kwa mthethe kuli kutali kwambiri ndi minda. Mphuno zake mosakopa zimakopa njuchi. Pobzala mitengo ya mthethe pamalo a mahekitala amodzi, amatenga uchi wopitilira 1,500, ndipo kuchokera kumtengo waukuluwo amatha kutola ma kilogalamu 8. Uchi watsopano wochokera ku mthethe yoyera umakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino, kuchiritsa katundu, kununkhira kovuta. Sichikhala chopanda maonekedwe komanso chodabwitsa - m'chifuwa cha uchi kapena pamwamba pa chotengera chagalasi chomwe sichitha sichitha kuwoneka. Uchi waacacia umasungunuka kwanyengo yayitali, ndipo ngakhale utalilira, suwonongeka.

Mthethe yoyera, kapena Robinia pseudoacacia, kapena Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia vulgaris (Dzombe lakuda, Acacia Wabodza)

© Rasbak

White mthethe ndi mtengo wofala kwambiri kumwera kwa dziko lathu. Imalamulira chigawo chachikulu cha Ukraine, ku Kuban, Moldova. Ndizosatheka kulingalira Chisinau ndi Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk ndi Rostov, Voroshilovgrad, Donetsk, Krasnodar ndi mizinda ina yambiri kumwera kwathu opanda mthethe yoyera. Koma chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti zaka 200 zapitazo sanali pano konse. Tsopano akatswiri okhawo amadziwa kuti acacia yoyera idadzetsedwa kwa ife kuchokera ku North America, komwe imamera m'nkhalango zazikulu zachilengedwe.

Malinga ndi botanists, mtengo wa mthethe ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yoyamba kubweretsa kuchokera ku New World kupita ku Europe. Wosamalira dimba wa Louis XIII, a Vespasian Robin, yemwe amadutsa ku America, adamtenga ku Virginia.

Karl Linney, yemwe adapanga dongosolo la chomera chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, adapereka mtundu, womwe mthethe yoyera imadziwika, polemekeza Robin dzina lachi Latin la robinia. Pambuyo pake, botanists adayamba kutcha ma acacia oyera komanso maphala abodza, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya genac zoona ya mthethe, yomwe imagawidwa makamaka kumayiko otentha.

Mthethe yoyera, kapena Robinia pseudoacacia, kapena Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia vulgaris (Dzombe lakuda, Acacia Wabodza)

Mtengo woyamba, womwe Robin adabzala mu 1635 ku Paris mu Botanical Garden wa French Academy of Science, udasungidwa mpaka lero. Tsopano mitengo ya mthethe yoyera yafalikira kwambiri, osati m'dziko lathu lokha, komanso ikukula pamakontinenti onse a Dziko Lapansi, kupatula Antarctica. Palibe mtundu umodzi, pokhapokha ngati mpanda wathu, ungafanizidwe ndi kuthekera kwawo kukhala malo atsopano. Zowona, "njira" yopangira malo atsopano ndi yake: birch imabalalitsa mbewu mokwanira, ndipo mthethe imalanda malo okhala ndi mizu.

Acacia yoyera sikukhala malo omaliza ndi magwiridwe antchito - imapereka zipatso zochuluka kwambiri. Olemba mitengo ya nkhokwe amati mbande za mthethe zoposa 200,000 zitha kubzalidwa kuchokera kumbewu zomwe zimatoleredwa mchaka chimodzi kuchokera pamtengo wa kukula ndi msinkhu. Komabe, pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mthethe yoyera pafupifupi imasinthidwa ndi mbewu, chipolopolo chimakhala cholimba komanso chofiyira m'mbewu zake. Chifukwa chake, alimi asanalime kangapo amaza mbewu zake ndi madzi otentha.

Mthethe yoyera, kapena Robinia pseudoacacia, kapena Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia vulgaris (Dzombe lakuda, Acacia Wabodza)

Acacia yathu yoyera idabzala koyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 m'munda wa A.K. Razumovsky pafupi ndi Odessa, kuchokera komwe idabwerekedwa posachedwa ndi Odessa Botanical Garden. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zoyera za mthethe zidayikidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku North America ndi Vasily Nazarovich Karazin, woyambitsa wa Kharkov University. Acacias akale kwambiri m'dziko lathu amakula ku Odessa, Kiev ndi dera la Kharkiv, omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 100, ndipo ngakhale akatswiri adadabwitsa kukula kwawo. Imodzi mwa mitengo yakalekaleyi imamera mu Botanical Garden of Kiev University.

Wosungidwa ku Ukraine ndi mitengo yokumbukira ya mitundu yatsopanoyi. M'modzi mwa iwo ndiwokondedwa kwambiri ndi okonda kobzar wamkulu - Taras Shevchenko. Ku Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky pafupi ndi nyumba ya bwenzi lalikulu la wandakatulo, dokotala Kozachkovsky, acacias akale awiri amakula, omwe mitengo yake ikuluikulu imakhala yolumikizana. Panthawi ina, Shevchenko ndi Kozachkovsky adabzala mbande ziwiri za mthethe mu bowo limodzi, ndipo zimayambira ndikupindika. Pali miyambo yomwe, atamaliza kudula, Shevchenko adagwirana manja ndi Kozachkovsky mwamphamvu nati: "Anthu onse aku Russia ndi aku Ukraine alumikizane, ngati mitengo yathu"