Erica (Erica) - zitsamba zobiriwira zochokera ku banja la Heather, zopitilira mitundu yoposa 500 mwa mtundu wawo. M'malo achilengedwe, mbewu zimapezeka kumayiko a Mediterranean ndi South Africa.
Makhalidwe apamwamba okongoletsa a Erica amakupatsani mwayi wopeza ulemu woyenera pakati pa opanga mawonekedwe. Maluwa a Erica nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga minda ndi malo okongoletsa pafupi ndi nyumba. Itha zibzalidwe ngati pepunda. Mwa mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu pali tchire tokhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana ndi masamba, ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kutalika kwa maluwa. Chikhalidwe chamaluwa chimagwirizanitsa bwino ndi zofananira zina zachilengedwe ndipo chimatha kumva bwino panjira zosiyanasiyana. Zomera zabwino kwambiri za shrub wobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi ma rhododendrons, arborvitae, junipers ndi ma conifers ena. Chimodzi mwazinthu za Erica ndi penti ya mitundu ndi mithunzi yake - kuyambira pastel wosakhwima mpaka wapinki wonyezimira, wofiirira, lalanje ndi wachikasu.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Malo
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha malo amadzuwa ndi opepuka kuti afikire Erica, otetezedwa ku zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumapangitsa kuti maluwa azikhala otalika komanso nthawi yayitali. Monga chitetezo kumphepo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yobzala kapena mipanda yolimba kuchokera ku mbewu zowola. Nyumba zazing'ono zimathanso kugwira ntchito yopanga mphepo. Erica ya Photophilous ndi thermophilic imafunika kutentha kwathunthu ndi kuyatsa.
Dothi
Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya Erica imakonda kumera panthaka zokhala acidic, koma mitundu ina imamera bwino m'malo osaloledwa komanso pang'ono zamchere.
Kuthirira
Ndikofunikira kuthirira chomera chokonda chinyezi pafupipafupi komanso mowolowa manja, makamaka masiku otentha a chilimwe komanso nthawi yadzuwa. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse, makamaka mchaka choyamba mutabzala.
Mulching
Mu shrub ya Erica yobiriwira, muzu umakhala pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, motero umafunikira chitetezo chowonjezera monga mawonekedwe a mulching wosanjikiza peat, masamba owola kapena singano za paini. Mulch sidzangoteteza mizu, komanso kupewa kumatuluka kwa namsongole, gwiritsani chinyontho chofunikira m'nthaka ndikukhalabe mulingo wa nthaka.
Kukula Erica nthawi yachisanu
Erica ali ndi malo otsika kwambiri a nyengo yozizira komanso osavomerezeka chifukwa cha kuzizira, chifukwa chake zigawo zomwe zilibe chipale chofewa komanso chipale chofewa, komanso ngakhale ndi chisanu cholimba kwambiri komanso chotenga nthawi yayitali, mbewu zokonda kutentha ziyenera kutetezedwa pogona pang'ono. Mu nthawi yophukira, kakhalidwe kakakulu ka peat kamayikidwa kuzinthu zozungulira pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse, ndipo chitsamba chija chimakutidwa ndi mitengo yowoneka bwino mu chipinda chambiri. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa chivundikiro kuti mbewu zizipezeka mosavuta ku dzuwa ndi mlengalenga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zikukula.
Kuswana kwa Erica
Erica amafalitsa ndi mbewu, kudula, kugawa chitsamba ndi kugawa.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu zofesedwa m'mathanki ang'onoang'ono obzala ndi osakaniza acidic nthaka. Imatha kukhala ndi magawo awiri a peat komanso gawo limodzi la mchenga wopota komanso malo oyenda bwino. Kufesa ndikwachilendo, popanda kufesa. Bokosi la mbewu limakutidwa ndi galasi ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chowala, chowala ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 20 kwa mwezi umodzi. Mbande zikaoneka, ndikofunikira kuti muzimeza nthaka nthawi zonse ndikukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mbeu zokulira zimalowa m'miphika umodzi. Patangotsala pang'ono kufalikira, mbewuzo zimawuma ndipo pang'onopang'ono amazolowera panja.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Kwa odulidwa ogwiritsa ntchito kudula kwapawiri 3-5cm. Muziwazika kwa mwezi wathunthu. Kusiya kumakhala kuthirira komanso kuvala pamwamba.
Kubalana mwa kugawa tchire ndi zigawo
Kubwezeretsanso pogawa tchire ndi njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotchuka. Mbande zazing'ono zimazolowera mwachangu kukukula kwatsopano ndi malo atsopano.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda omwe angathe kuchitika - matenda a powdery, dzimbiri, matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus ndi ma virus. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ndikuphwanya malamulo osamalira mbewu. Kuchuluka kwanyontho m'nthaka ndikuwonjezera chinyezi kungayambitse kuwoneka kwa imvi zowola. Monga njira yodzitetezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu pokhapokha pamalo abwino ndikuwapewa dothi lonyowa komanso kuyandikira kwa madzi apansi panthaka. Chifukwa china choyambitsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus ikhoza kukhala malo osungirako nyengo yachisanu okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso mpweya wochepa. Njira zowongolera - mankhwalawa. Vuto la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikasinthika kwamasamba ndi maluwa, ndibwino kuchotsa chomera. Eric samakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo.
