Kukhalapo kwa mole m'munda kapena m'mundamu kuli ndi tanthauzo lawiri. Omwe alimi ambiri amaganiza kuti molekyu ndi yopindulitsa, ngakhale izi, ndizovuta. Nyama izi zimatha kuwononga chomera chilichonse, komanso magulu owoneka bwino a dziko lapansi, kuyika pang'ono, musakongoletse mabedi, makama amaluwa, kapena, koposa apo, udzu. Munkhaniyi sitikukuwuzani momwe mungachitire ndi ma moles m'munda, komanso kuyesa kufotokoza chikhalidwe chachilendo cha alendo osapatsidwawa.
Mole.
Kodi mole imawoneka bwanji?
Mole (latin Talpidae) - kalasi ya zolengedwa, zolengedwa zopanda chitetezo. Izi ndi zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono: kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 5 mpaka 21 cm; kulemera kuchokera 9 mpaka 170 g.
Timadontho-timadontho (kupatulapo timadontho tambiri tomwe tili pansi) zimasinthidwa kukhala njira yobisika yamoyo. Thupi lawo limakhala lalitali, lozungulira, lophimbidwa ndi ubweya wonenepa, ngakhale utoto. Chovala cha ubweya wa mole chimakhala ndi katundu wapadera - mulu wake umakula mwachindunji, ndipo sunayende kulowera kwina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti moleyo azingoyenda mobisa mosayang'ana mbali iliyonse - muluwo umapumula momasuka mtsogolo komanso kumbuyo.
Mtundu wa mole ndi wolimba, wakuda, woderapo kapena wakuda. Miyendo idafupikitsidwa, miyendo ndiyopyapyala; Zovala zake ndizazikulu, zochokera kumwamba. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yofooka kuposa yakutsogolo. Mchira wake ndi wafupi. Mutuwu ndiung'ono, wamtunda. Mphuno imakulitsidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Khosi limakhala losawoneka kuchokera kunja. Auricles kulibe kapena ochepa kwambiri. Masomphenya a Mole ndi ofooka; mwa mitundu ina, maso amatsekeka ndi khungu. Kumva fungo ndi kukhudza kumapangidwa bwino.
Kodi timadontho timakhala bwanji?
Moleyo amakhala mobisalira mozunguliramo ndi ma lairs omwe amakumba pansi ndipo amakumba pansi mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuponya pansi nthawi ndi nthawi ("milu", "molehill"). Kwenikweni, malo okhala ndi mole amapezeka, nthawi zambiri, mumaliramo ndipo mumakhala gawo lam'mphete laling'ono, lakutsogolo komanso lakugona mkati mwake, lomwe lili ndi zinthu zofewa, zovala zapamwamba.
Mayendedwe ofunikira pafupifupi 10 amalumikizidwa ndi mphete yakunja, pomwe mayendedwe a 5-6 amatsogolera gawo lam'mphete, ndipo kuchokera kumapeto atatu kumatsogolera ku lair. Kuphatikiza apo, imalumikizana ndi kusuntha kwinanso kwapadera ndi imodzi mwazowunikira. Mnyumba yomwe amakhala, nthawi zina pamakhala mphete imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri.
Mafuta amtunduwu amakakhala azimalo omwe amadutsa maulendo angapo ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zofewa. Apa, m'mwezi wa Epulo-Juni, mkaziyo amabereka ana atatu, osakhala a 6 kapena 7 amphongo. Nthawi zina mu Ogasiti amaberekanso. Kukwatirana kumayambitsidwa ndi kumenya koopsa pakati pa amuna.
Tinthu timeneti timadya nyama zokha ndipo makamaka mphutsi, nyongolotsi, mavuvu, nsabwe za nkhuni komanso mbewa, achule, abuluzi, njoka ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo ngati mungasiye timadontho tiwiri tisanadye, ngakhale kwa nthawi yayitali m'chipinda chotsekedwa, ndiye kuti kumayambika ndewu pakati pawo ndipo wopambanayo amadya omwe adagonja.
Pofunafuna nyama, mole imatsogozedwa makamaka ndi kununkhira kwake, komanso ndi kaganizidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kokhudza kukhudza ndi kumva. Masomphenya ake ndi ofooka, komabe, mole amawona ndikugwiritsa ntchito masomphenya ake, mwachitsanzo, akamadutsa madzi othamanga. Amasambira bwino. Kuti mukhale ndi madzi akumwa, molekyu amayendetsa m'mitsinje ndi m'madziwe kapena kutulutsa malo okumbika.
M'nyengo yozizira, ma mole samagwera mu hibernation, amangodutsa pansi lapansi.
Mole wakhungu (Talpa soesa Savi), wokhala kumwera kwa France, Italy, Dalmatia ndi Greece komanso wodziwika bwino ndi mtundu wake wopepuka komanso maso otsekeka kwathunthu, akuwoneka kuti ndi mtundu wamba wamba.
Momwe mungadziwire tizilombo: makoswe kapena makoswe?
Zidutswa za maole sizikuwoneka pa kapinga, koma timadontho-timadontho timawononga kwambiri mizu yazomera zam'munda. Timadontho timabisala munkhokwe zawo zamkati mobisa chaka chonse. Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa ndi okonda udzu amadziwa bwino kufunika kolimbana ndi timadontho-fulu mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, makamaka ikakhala nyengo yamvula pomwe timadontho timayunjikana mulu wa dothi padziko lapansi.
Mole anali kugwira ntchito apa
Timadontho-timadontho ta zakudya tambiri: zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi mphutsi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi. Ngakhalenso mole waku America kapena snout-snout si makoswe omwe amadya mbewu. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa mbewu zomwe mumaziona sikungayambike chifukwa cha timadontho. Inde, makoswe amagwiritsa ntchito kusunthira kwakumba mosavutikira kuti agwire mbewu, motero kukopa timadontho-timiyendo kuti tithandizire paupandu.
Timadontho timamanga mitundu iwiri ya tunnatakata kapena ndima. Ena mwa mayendedwe awo amapezeka pansi pomwe lapansi. Awa ndi mayendedwe odyetsa ndipo amatha kusiyanika ngati malo okwera - zitunda pa udzu. Mitundu yachiwiri ya ngalande imayenda mozama ndipo imalola ma moles kuti aphatikize timiyala tidodzi pamaneti amodzi. Okhala malo nthawi zambiri amawona malo ataliatali awo okhala ngati mapiri okumbika.
Popeza timadontho tosasiyana ndi nyama zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka ndi udzu ndi minda, nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera ndi tizirombo tina - agologolo pansi ndi mbewa zam'munda. Chifukwa choti tizirombo sitioneka kawirikawiri, nzeru zimafotokoza kuti tizirombo tiyenera kutsimikizika mosamala ndi zomwe asiya, osadikirira kufikira atawonekere pamaso pawo. Mapeto ake, sizingachitike konse! Ndipo tanthauzo lenileni la tizilombo ndi gawo loyamba lopita ku nkhondo yolimbana nayo.
Timiyala tosiyanasiyana tokhala ngati mapiri ophulika; Makoswe a mbewa zambiri sasiyira mulu pamwamba. Komabe, mbewa zimamanga, kutanthauzira bwino, ndimaonekera patali kapena pafupi, pafupifupi 5 cm. Njira za mbewa zam'munda ndizotsatira za kudya mapesi a udzu ndikuyenda mobwerezabwereza kwa timiyendo tating'ono tinjira yomweyo. Ndipo ngati tizirombo tina tomwe titha kuyendamo, ndiye kuti iyi ndi mbewa yolima. Akalulu sanalotenso chonde chonde cha makoswe awa.
Njira zamakono zamakina ndi zamakina zolimbana ndi timadontho
Misampha, mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso zinthu zobwerera
Njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera timadontho ndikugwiritsa ntchito misampha, ziphe, komanso zotayira. Pali misampha yopangidwira kupha timadontho ta moles, ndipo ili ndi mayina owopsa ngati msampha wanyansi, msampha wokunjenjemera, kapena msampha wa harpoon. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yomwe imakulolani kuti mugwire moleyo ali amoyo, koma kenako mudzakhala ndi vuto la zomwe mungachite ndi mlendo amene wamugwirayo.
Misampha yoikidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe imathandizira kuwononga akazi omwe ali okonzeka kubereka ana, ndipo izi zithandiza kuchepetsa vutoli mtsogolo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha malo oyenera msampha. Mwinanso, mudzafunika kuyika msampha pafupi ndi ngalande yodyetsa (chakudya chimayandikira padziko lapansi, monga tafotokozera kale). Momwe mungadziwire kuti ndi iti mwa mayipi othandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi mole:
- Gwiritsani ntchito dzanja lanu kapena spatula kuti mufanizire madera omwe akwezedwa ndi mole.
- Chongani magawo awa ndi china chowala (nthiti yakale pa ndodo ngati mbendera) kuti ikhale yosavuta kuzipeza pambuyo pake.
- Pambuyo pa maola 12-24, onaninso madera awa. Ngati kumtunda kwatupa kachiwiri, ndiye kuti mukumvetsetsa kuti molekyu amawona kuti msewuwu ndiwothandiza. Apa ndi pamene muyenera kukhazikitsa msampha.
- Dulani mphonje pamiyeso yogwira ndikuchotsa dothi musanayende. Timadontho-timadontho tovuta kuwona, chifukwa chake agwera mwachindunji mumsampha. Koma ngakhale ali ndi vuto lakhungu, zowoneka bwino zimakhazikika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungasiye malo panjira yopita ku msampha, kapena mole atayipeza ndikubwerera.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zothimbirira kapena ziphe, muyenera kuthirira malo omwe mumawagwiritsa ntchito kuti chokochacho kapena chiphe chikalowe munthaka. Thirirani dothi kambiri musanayankhe chonde kapena poyizoni, ngati mwapatsidwa malangizo a ntchito inayake. Mungafunike kugwiranso ntchito.
Bait Yokhala ndi Poizoni
Zos phosphide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti ateteze timadontho. Kuyika nyambo moyenera ndikusintha. Sankhani njira yayikulu pogwiritsa ntchito stylus kapena ndodo yachitsulo. Potembenuza pang'onopang'ono kafukufukuyo, pangani kuti bowo lizikhala lalikulu ndikutsitsa supuni ya chidacho mu dzenje kuti igwere pansi pa ngalawo. Valani dzenje ndi dothi. Zinthu zitatu kapena zinayi m'malo ocheperako okhala ndi zopepuka zatsopano.
Zotsatira zake siziyenera kuyembekezeredwa. Ngati zakumaso zowonjezera zikuwoneka m'masiku ochepa, ikanipo pansi nyambo yapoizoni. Moleyo ayenera kupeza nyamboyo m'malembedwe ake apansi panthaka ndikuyidya.
Musanagwiritse ntchito ziphe zowopsa kapena kupha misampha, lingalirani njira zina zomenyera timadontho, makamaka ngati muli ndi ziweto kapena ana.
Zipangizo Zoyang'anira Tizilombo
Kubzala mitengo yotsatsa
Nkhani zambiri zopambana za kulima timadontho takhazikika pakubzala mbewu zina zomwe fungo lawo silingathe. Zachidziwikire, njira ina ndiyodalirika kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito misampha, mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena ma renti, koma imaperekanso chisangalalo chochuluka. Ubwino wake ndikuti ndi mbewu zokongola zomwe ndizoyenera kumera zokha. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kuchotsa timadontho-timadontho, koma osayembekezera zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu monga mankhwala achilengedwe ndi kwa inu nokha.
Mole
Amakhulupirira kuti mbewu zamankhwala ochulukitsa sizimasangalatsa. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi narcissus wodziwika bwino. Zina ziwirizi ndi maluwa a maluwa amasika, koma osadziwika bwino monga daffodils, awa ndi Siberian scrub (Scilla siberic) ndi impel hazouse grouse (Fritillaria imperialis).
Mtundu wa buluu watulutsa maluwa a lavender, abuluu, oyera kapena apinki. Pakupita kwa zaka, spillage imafalikira ndikuphimba malowa. Fritillaria imperialis 'Lutea) wa maluwa achikasu achikasu kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 8 akutulutsa maluwa achikasu. Amanenanso kuti fungo la mababu limafanana ndi fungo la nkhandwe, lomwe, sichinunkhira chosangalatsa kwa timadontho. Zomera izi zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 8 cm.
Banja la anyezi (Allium) sikuti limangokhala ndi adyo, anyezi, ma leki, chives ndi shallots, komanso lilinso ndi anyezi wokongoletsa maluwa. Wotsirizirayi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Allium. Ichi ndi chamaluwa chopanda zachilengedwe chotalika masentimita 15 mpaka 150. Garlic amadziwikanso ngati chomera chowotchera timadontho, koma kuchokera pakuwoneka bwino, mwina Allium Allium ingakhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa inu.
Allium giganteum ndi imodzi mwazomera zodzikongoletsa kwambiri za anyezi, zomwe zimatalika masentimita 90-150. Maluwa ndi ofiirira ndipo amapanga mabulashi wozungulira masentimita 10-15. Popeza masamba ake amwalira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mwina mungafune kumuphimba ndi mbewu ina. Kupanga izi, ingobzala mbewu zina za anyezi. Mababu akhoza kubzala mu yophukira kapena masika. Kufikira 15 cm.
Marigolds (Tagetes minuta) - mbewu yomwe ili ndi fungo labwino kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobzala pamodzi chifukwa imatha kupatutsa tizirombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zitsanzo za njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyera timadontho. Wamaluwa omwe amakonda njira zotere sayenera kungoyima pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono. Mutha kuthana ndi mbewu zingapo pagulu lomwe lili ndi mthunzi wowoneka bwino, mwachitsanzo, chomera cha euphorbia ndi chomera cha mafuta.
M'modzi mwa iwo ali ndi mbiri yotchuka "yamoyo", ndipo imadziwika kuti "chomera chachikulu". Ichi ndi caper spurge (Euphorbia lathyris) - chomera cha pachaka chomwe chimalimba bwino podzibyala. Zomerazo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimamera ngati chomera chokongoletsera - chowongoka ndi masamba a lanceolate. Masamba ake amadziwika ndi mitsempha yoyera. Mukadula tsinde, madzi oyera amatuluka. Mwinanso, kununkhira kwa mchere wapoizoni wamtunduwu kumachititsanso kuti asunthe.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, mbewu ya mafuta a castor (Ricinus communis). Amadziwikanso monga chomera cha mafuta a castor. Pafupifupi kukonzekera konse kotsatsa komwe kumagulitsa mafuta kumaphatikiza mafuta a castor. M'mbuyomu, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta. Ndipo, zikuwoneka kuti, mumadontho amonso mumayambitsa zovuta, zomwe sakonda.
Chenjezo: Nyemba za castor, monga euphorbia, ndi poizoni. Palibe chilichonse mwa mbewu izi chomwe chimadzalidwa komwe kuli ana aang'ono.
M'madera otentha, mafuta a castor amaonedwa ngati chomera pachaka. Imakula msanga ndipo imitha kutalika 4.5 m pakangotha nyengo. Chifukwa chake, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chiwonetsero chofulumira (chitetezero). Njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe alibe nthawi yodikira zaka mpaka tchire limakula mpaka kukula koyenera. Zomera za mafuta a Castor zimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu owoneka ngati nyenyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala fanizo lokongola kwambiri.
"Pan" kapena "akhoza" msampha
Pa misampha yophweka "kunyumba", njira ya "pan" kapena "can" imadziwika. Muli zotsatirazi: mkati mwa molekyulu yomwe ili pano, pansi pa mulingo wake, saucepan kapena mtsuko wama lita atatu umaswa mu (mutha ndi kapena wopanda madzi). Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kubowoleza m'munda. Kenako dzenje lomwe lili ndi saucepan limadziphimba kuchokera ku kuwala kochokera kumwamba, moleyo amayenda panjirayo, imagwera mumsavu (kapena mtsuko) ndi chovunda, kapena sichitha kutuluka.
Abwenzi anga, atatopa kale ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili m'munda mwawo, adaganiza zochita. Amayika mabotolo apulasitiki opanda kanthu pamitengo kuti aziwopseza, ndipo iwonso, amapunthwa ndi mphepo. Ziyenera kunenedwa, tizirombo tachepa. Ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito njira ziti polimbana ndi nyamazi?
