Mu ziwembu za anthu aku Russia, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri imalimidwa kulikonse. Komabe, ngakhale ali ndi chidwi ndi chikhalidwe, maula achikasu sakhala alendo okhazikika. Cholinga chake ndikuganiza kuti ndizolondola kulingalira mitundu ya zipatso zachikasu ngati ma cherry, ndipo zipatso zenizeni za amber zitha kupezeka kokha kum'mwera. Izi siziri choncho! Oberetsa amagwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni maula a cherry, maula a ku China komanso zopanga tokha. Amangotenga zabwino zokhazokha kuchokera kwa makolo awo, mitundu yatsopano imakhala yolimba nthawi yachisanu ndikubereka, zipatso zimayamba kukoma komanso zokulirapo.
Zipatso za maula achikasu a maula ndizofananso mwatsopano ndi maonekedwe. Mafuta odzola, marmalade ndi kupanikizana amakonzedwa kuchokera kuma plamu owala onunkhira.
Masiku ano, alimiwo ali ndi mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa yamakona onse a dziko. Zambiri mwa izi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya okonda madera akutali, Siberia ndi Urals. Pali maula achikasu ku Moscow Region ndi Northwest. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamipeto yosiyanasiyana idapangidwira madera akumwera kuchokera ku Central Chernozem Region mpaka Kuban ndi Crimea.
Chikumbutso cha plum Altai
Mitundu yambiri ya maula achikasu imachokera ku mitundu ya Chitchaina, Manchu, Ussuri. Zomera zoterezi sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, chosasamala ndipo nthawi zambiri zimabala zipatso. Osati okhawo - gawo la chikondwerero cha Altai. Maula omwe amatha kupatsa nthawi yozizira komanso obala zipatso opitilira Urals ndi osiyana:
- kupsa koyambirira;
- kusala, kale zaka 3-4 panthawi ya zipatso;
- zokolola zambiri;
- kukoma koyenera komanso kotsuka;
- mawonekedwe okongola a zipatso zakupsa.
Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zazing'ono, zolemera 14 - 18 ndi thupi lachikaso ndi khungu lowonda lomwelo, lophimbidwa ndi blink-red pinki nyengo yotentha yotentha. Kupaka utoto wokwera kumatha kukhala pafupifupi nkhope yonse ya maula, kukupangitsani kuti muiwale kuti patsogolo panu pali mitundu ya zipatso zachikasu.
Mitengo yoyera yachikaso imapanga mtengo wamtundu wakutali wokhala ndi tsinde laling'ono ndi korona wamtundu wocheperako. Monga ma plum ambiri amtunduwu, chikondwerero cha Altai ndi chodzala. Chifukwa chake, kuti mbewu zokhazikika, malo obzala amafunika mbewu za pollinator.
Banja la Rinclod la plums limafotokoza mbiri yakale kuchokera ku mitundu yazipatso ku Spain ndi France. Greenclod yobiriwira idalinso ku gawo la Russia kuchokera kumwera kwa Europe .. M'zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi nthawi ya Soviet idafalikira kumwera kwa Central Black Earth Region.
Mitundu yachikasu yamtundu imadziwika ndi zipatso zoyambira ndipo imayamba kupanga mazira pofika zaka zisanu. Ndipo patatha zaka 2-4 kuchokera pamtengo mutha kupitilira 40 makilogalamu a zipatso zobiriwira zachikasu ndi mnofu wowonda. Ngakhale maonekedwe obiriwira maula obiriwira maula amakhala otsika kwambiri pamtundu wamakono akulu, opanda maluwa, amawonedwa kuti ndi zida zabwino kwambiri za jamu, marmalade kapena kupanikizana.
Zodzilimbitsa kotheratu, zopanda plums zachikasu. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino kuchokera ku msipu wobiriwira komanso mitundu iyi yakale, ma pollinator adzafunika, pakati pawo omwe angakhale ndi mitundu ya maluwa a Vengerki nthawi yomweyo kapena maula ena achikasu - Egg.
Plum chikasu
Kulawa kwabwino kwa Greenclod wobiriwira wachidwi I.V.Michurin. Kuti akhale ndi zipatso zachikasu zolimba kwambiri nyengo yachisanu, anawoloka "Mfalansa" wokonda kutentha ndiuma. Mu 1947, famu yatsopano yophatikiza pamodzi idalowa mu State Record ndikuyitanitsa kuti ikalimbe Kumpoto chakumadzulo, mkatikati mwa msewu ndi zigawo zakuda za dziko.
Pa mitengo yayikulu-yayikulu yokhala ndi korona yozungulira, ma plamu achikasu wozungulira wolemera mpaka magalamu 25 okhwima. Kuguza kwa zipatsozo, ngati peel yopyapyala, kumakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira komanso kununkhira kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa. Mosiyana ndi greencod, maula obiriwira a mitundu ya Michurin amadzaza shuga wochepa, koma ndiwofunikira, ndipo zokolola zawo zimakhala pachaka.
Yellow Plum Uchi Woyera
Donetsk obereketsa kubzala wachikasu uchi maula. Pansi pa nyengo ya Russia, mitunduyi yomwe imakonda kutentha imatha kubzala popanda malire ku Central Black Earth Region komanso kumwera, komabe, ndikakonzekera nthawi yozizira, mitengo imamva bwino mu Chigawo cha Moscow, maula achikasu amakulanso kudera la Kaliningrad ndi madera ena apakatikati.
Zipatso zowuluka ndi khungu lopyapyala, lowoneka bwino komanso lolemera mpaka magalamu 50 zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kowala kwa uchi. Pulesi ya plum yokhala ndi mwala wosasokoneza mosavuta imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wachikaso. Peyala yachikasu padzuwa imasanduka lalanje, lalanje.
Maulamu achikasu a uchi amalephera kuthana ndi matenda ambiri achikhalidwe, amalekerera nthawi yowuma popanda kutayika, ndipo zipatso zomwe zimatengedwa nthawi zimatha kunyamulidwa ndikusungidwa.
Mtundu wamafuta achikasu
Olima minda ya Urals, Siberia, ndi Far East akudziwa bwino nthomba yachikasu ya Hopty yomwe idapezedwa m'zaka zoyambira zana lomaliza. Thumba losunga mazira loyamba pamitengo yayitali yamtunduwu limapezeka mchaka chachinayi cha moyo. Kututa kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso masabata oyamba a Seputembara. Zosiyanasiyana zimawonetsa kulimba mtima komanso kupilira kwa nyengo yozizira.
Ma plums achikasu amtunduwu ali ndi:
- zazikulu zazing'ono;
- kulemera mpaka magalamu 15;
- zamkaka zamkati ndi fungo labwino;
- kukoma koyenera komanso kotsuka;
- khungu lowawa;
- fupa lalikulu, lotseguka mosavuta kuchokera ku zamkati;
- yokutidwa ndi mawonekedwe a msoko wosawoneka bwino.
Mukabzala ndikusamalira maula achikasu a mitundu iyi, ndikofunikira kuganizira kutalika kwa mbewu zachikulire, komanso kufunika kwa opukutira mungu.
Khungu la ma tayi limawonongeka pakamayendedwe ndikusungidwa kwakutali. Zipatso zimadyedwa mwatsopano, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za jamu ndi jamu. Mu compote, maula a plum amakhalabe ndi zowawa.
Mochedwa chikasu maula Wagolide
Wamaluwa a Lower Volga dera komanso madera ena akum'mwera ndi oyenera mitundu yambiri yachikasu yaulamu. Mtundu waukulu wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, woleketsa chilala womwe umayamba kupanga ovary wazaka 4, umabweretsa 25-30 kg pa mtengo uliwonse. Kulemera kwa ma plums achikasu achikasu ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri kumafikira 40 g. Pakhungu lomwe lakutikiridwa ndi zingwe zodziwika bwino za mandala, maonekedwe okongola mumasamba amasamba.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya maula achikasu awa ndi kuthekera kokucha chipatso ndikuchisangalatsa kwa masiku 30-45.
Ma Plum osiyanasiyana Skoroplodnaya
Zotsatira zodutsa mitundu ya maamu a ku America ndi Ussuri, maula achikasu omwe akukula mwachangu anawonekera ndi zipatso za mchere zomwe zimalemera 20 g. Amber yokhala ndi maula ofiira osangalatsa:
- mnofu wowonda wosungunuka;
- kukoma kosangalatsa ndi wowawasa.
Phula yachikaso yoyambirira ikonzeka kukolola m'chigawo choyamba cha Ogasiti. Tsoka ilo, zipatso zimasokonekera ndipo sizachulukana. Koma izi zimathandizidwa ndi kulimba kwambiri kwa dzinja ndikulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo tina tambiri.
Chipangano Chachikasu cha Plum
Pamaziko a mitundu yokongola ya Manchurian ku dera la Volga-Vyatka, Chipilala chovuta kulimba nthawi yachisanu chokhala ndi mitengo yayitali komanso yayitali zipatso zachikasu zolemera 25 mpaka 30 zidapezeka.
Ma pulamu okhala ndi chikasu, lokoma komanso wowawasa amasuka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti komanso kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake komanso kununkhira bwino, mitunduyi idalandila ma tasters apamwamba ndipo idadziwika kuti ndiyonse. Zipatso zakupsa zimatha kunyamulidwa, zimapanga kupanikizana bwino komanso zipatso zabwino.
Zabwino zamtunduwu zimaphatikizira kulimba kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kukhazikika. Ndikabzala bwino komanso kusamalira maula achikasu, ndikudulira m'nthawi yake odana ndi kukalamba, mitengo imabala zipatso kwa zaka 4 mpaka 30.
