Agiriki akale ankakhulupirira kuti udzu winawake ndi chomera cha mwezi, chomwe ndi chakumwa chomwe chimatsitsa chikondi. Chakumwa chamatsenga ndi madzi a udzu winawake adamwa ndi Tristan ndi Isolde, omwe chikondi chake chimagwidwa mu nthano.
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu winawake umamera pagombe la Mediterranean. Anakhala maziko akuchotseredwa ndi Agiriki a mitundu yoyamba yobzala mbewu iyi, yomwe nthawi yomweyo ili m'magulu awiri - zokometsera zokometsera ndi masamba. Ndidabwera ku Russia munthawi ya Catherine II ndipo masiku ano kulibe malo ogulitsa kulikonse komwe mtundu uliwonse wa udzu winawake udalankhulidwa m'munda: tsamba, petiole kapena muzu.
Zambiri
- Kufotokozera Mwachidule
- The mankhwala zikuchokera udzu winawake
- Kuchiritsa kwa udzu winawake
- Kukula Muzu Selari
- Kukula mbande
- Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
- Kukonzekera kwa dothi kwa mbande
- Kufesa mbewu za mbande
- Kusamalira Mbewu
- Kubzala mbande za udzu winawake poyera
- Kukonzekera kwotseguka
- Chisamaliro cha Mizu
- Kuthirira
- Mavalidwe apamwamba
- Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
- Kututa ndi kusunga
- Kukakamiza mbewu muzu kukhala zitsamba zatsopano
- Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Mizu Selari
Mizu ya Selari. © Juris EpicurusKufotokozera Mwachidule
Selari ndi mbewu ya zaka ziwiri zokha, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira zokometsera zakudya komanso zakudya zam'kati kapena monga masamba wamba pakukonzekera maphunziro oyamba, timadziti, zakumwa. Monga chikhalidwe cha chakudya, udzu winawake wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 17, chisanakhale zokongoletsera zamaluwa, monga chomera chokongoletsera.
Selari ndi ambulera yokhala ndi mlengalenga wopangidwa bwino. Masamba ndi akulu, onyezimira, obiriwira owoneka bwino, ochokera kumitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana. M'chaka choyamba, udzu winawake umapanga mpanda wa masamba ndi mbewu za mizu (mobisa yosungirako) pansi kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndi mphuno kapena zamkati, ndipo wachiwiri umathamangitsa peduncle yemwe maambulera ake ali ndi nthangala ndi fungo labwino. Selari limamasula mu June - Julayi, zipatso maambulera amapsa mu Ogasiti.
The mankhwala zikuchokera udzu winawake
Fungo lamphamvu la chikhalidwe limapereka mafuta ofunikira omwe ali m'ziwalo zonse za mbewu. Mu mbewu, ndende yake ndi 5-6%. Mizu ya masamba ndi masamba ake ali ndi mavitamini "C", magulu "B", "K", "E", "PP", carotene. Celery ili ndi mitundu yoposa 6 ya michere, kuphatikizapo khofi, sedan, oxalic, acetic, ndi chlorogenic. Mphamvu yolimbana ndi udzu winawake imapatsa sedanolide, sedan, chlorogenic, caffeic acid. Mwa macronutrients, potaziyamu imakhala 430 mg /%, phosphorous ndi calcium, motero, 77 ndi 72 mg /%. Pazinthu zomwe zimatsata, ziwalo zomera zimaphatikizapo chitsulo chofunikira, manganese, ndi zinc. Olemera mu udzu winawake, flavonoids ndi zinthu zina.
Mizu ya Selari. © hgtvKuchiritsa kwa udzu winawake
M'masiku akale, adati - udzu winawake umapulumutsa m'madwala ndikuwonjezera mphamvu. Amawerengedwa ngati aphrodisiac wamphamvu wachilengedwe. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito matenda a impso, genitourinary system, gout, monga oyeretsa magazi ku matenda amkhungu. Mafuta ofunikira a Celery ndi othandizira othandizira kuteteza matenda am'mimba. Kunyumba, masamba atsopano kapena osakanikirana ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mabala, mabala amchere ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
Kukula Muzu Selari
Zofunikira zachilengedwe
Selari 1-2 ndi chikhalidwe chosatha cha chilimwe. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu 20. Pa chikhalidwe, makamaka 3 imalimidwa - tsamba, petiole ndi tuber. Zimatanthauzanso kukana kosazizira. Munthawi zachilengedwe mumakhala chinyezi komanso chonyowa, chifukwa chake, chikalengedwa pakhomo, chimayenera kuperekedwa mokwanira. Chikhalidwe chimafuna malo otseguka dzuwa. Nthawi yamasamba a udzu winawake imachokera masiku 190-210 ndipo imamera kudzera mbande. Mbeu za selari zimabzalidwa kum'mwera, nthawi zambiri zamitundu yoyambira.
Kukula mbande
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Mbeu za selari ndizochepa kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira, motero zimamera pang'onopang'ono, zimatha kutaya msanga. Kwa mbande, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zatsopano. Kuti muchepetse kufalikira, mbewu zimanyowa kwa theka la ola m'madzi ofunda mpaka + 50 ... + 53 ° С, kenako 2 masiku otentha. Madzi ofunda amasinthidwa 5-6 patsiku. Mbewu zotupa ndi kumaswa zimayikidwa pach chopukutira chamapepala ndikuuma kuti zithe.
Mbande za udzu winawake. © Max ColemanKukonzekera kwa dothi kwa mbande
Pofesa mbewu, konzani dothi losakaniza wokhwima la vermicompost ndi mchenga 1: 1. Mutha kukonzekera zosakaniza zingapo za peat, humus ndi sod, mutenga mtundu uliwonse wamtundu, 6: 2: 1 gawo. Osakaniza wokonzedwayo amamwazika m'mabokosi, opukutira, wothira. Zomera za 0,5 masentimita zimadulidwa kudzera masentimita 7-10.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Mbewu zofesedwa mchaka chachiwiri cha February. Kufesa titha kuchitika mu njira ziwiri:
- kubzala m'miyala, yomwe kale imasakanizika ndi mchenga wabwino,
- kapena, mutatha masentimita awiri, pangani dzenje laling'ono ndi machesi, donthotsani nthangala zitatu mu izo.
Mbeu za mulch zapamwamba 0,5 masentimita ndi dothi. Kufesa kumakutidwa ndi filimu, kutsanzira wowonjezera kutentha. Bokosi lofesa limayikidwa pamalo otentha pa + 18 ... + 22 * C. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumakhala kosungunulidwa nthawi zonse ndi sipinira yochepa.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Pambuyo pa masiku 12-14, mphukira zochezeka zimawonekera. Mabokosi amasamutsidwa kumalo owala ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa + 16-17 * C. Popeza kufewetsa komanso mbande zing'onozing'ono, sizithilira madzi masabata oyamba, koma kumawaza. Itha kuchitika pa khonde lowoneka bwino kapena malo ena owala ndi kutentha kwa + 8 ... + 10 * C. Osatsika. Ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwamatenthedwe abwino, mbewuzo zimapanga muvi wotulutsa maluwa ndipo sipadzakhala mbewu.
Mu gawo la mapangidwe a masamba awiri ophukira, mbande zimakwiriridwa mumiphika kapena zida zina. Nthawi zambiri odziwa wamaluwa samasankha, kuti aphwanye mizu ya mbande.
Popewa matenda, mutha kuwaza mbande ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate, kudyetsa Kemira kapena ammonia nthawi 1-2. Ngati dothi losakanizika lidakonzedwa moyenera komanso moyenera ndi feteleza, ndiye kuti mbande sizidyetsedwa. Mbande zimabzalidwa kwathunthu pazaka 55-60 masiku. Mtengowo uli ndi masamba 4-6 ndi mizu yopangidwa.
Mizu ya Selari. - zovina zovinaKubzala mbande za udzu winawake poyera
Mbeu zouma sizabzalidwe kale kuposa khumi yachiwiri ya Meyi. Zotsogola zabwino za udzu winawake ndi nightshade, kabichi, beets, nkhaka, zukini, dzungu. Mitundu yoyambirira imabzalidwe nthawi yachiwiri itatha, ma saladi, anyezi pa nthenga ndi mbewu zina zoyambirira.
Kukonzekera kwotseguka
Udzu wamizu umafunika dothi lachonde, lotayirira. Sililekerera feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe, chifukwa chake limabzalidwe pambuyo pa omwe analandila omwe analandila manyowa kapena zinthu zina. Dothi lopepuka limakumbidwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka 25-30 cm pakusambira kwambiri masika. Ngati ndi kotheka, pangani zidebe 0,5 za humus kapena manyowa okhwima ndi 2/3 Mlingo wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Malinga, 20-40 g ndi 10-15 g pa lalikulu. m lalikulu. Kumayambiriro kasupe, kumasula kozama kumachitika. Pansi pa kufesa kwachiwiri kusanachitike, feteleza wina wamafuta amawonjezedwa kunthaka - 10 g ya phosphorous ndi 5 g ya potashi pa 1 sq. m. M'malo mwa yophukira-yophukira masamba a tuks, mungathe kuyambitsa 30-50 g / sq. m wa feteleza zovuta - nitrofoski, azofoski, kemira ndi ena.
Tikufika patali wamba kapena tepi 2-3 wamba. Mbande zibzalidwe pambuyo pa 25-30 masentimita, kuti tchire lomera sikubisala. Ndi kutchera wamba, masentimita 50-60 a kanjira atsalira. Ndi tepi tepi tepi, amakhala ndi mzere 30 cm ndi 25 cm.Pomabzala, malo okukula azikhala pamtunda.
Chisamaliro cha Mizu
Kuthirira
Kutsirira kumachitika sabata iliyonse. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Osaloledwa kuthirira kumayambitsa kusokonekera kwa muzu mbewu yake, mapangidwe ake oyipa. Ndikothirira kwambiri kumtunda kwa muzu wazomera, wobisika munthaka, mizu yowonjezereka imapangidwa. Asanadule, ayenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni kuti asawononge mbewu yakeyo. Njira imeneyi ikaphatikizidwa, ndiye kuti mbewu ya muzu idzaphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi mizu, ndipo mnofu umamasulidwa.
Mizu ya Selari. © brookfordfarmMavalidwe apamwamba
- Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika masabata awiri 2-3 mutathira mbande zothirira. Mutha kudyetsa ndi nitrofos, Kemira mwanaalirenji, matope kapena feteleza wina wovuta - 15-20 g / mita yoyenda.
- Kuti mupeze mbewu yolimba mu 2 ndi 3 kuvala pamwamba, nayitrogeni sizinayambitsidwe kapena kuti mlingo wake sukula 5-10 g / sq. m landings. Feteleza wa Potaziyamu amathandizira kuchuluka kwa 25-30, ndi feteleza wa phosphate 10-15 g / sq. m
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Kuteteza udzu winawake ku matenda ndi tizirombo, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zokha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana ndi ena.
Selari imakhudzidwa ndi zowola zoyera, zowola za bakiteriya, ufa wa phokoso, tsamba lamankhwala, nkhanambo ndi sclerotinia mukasunga mbewu. Nkhondo yayikulu yolimbana ndi matenda ndikutsatira malamulo onse a agrotechnical nthawi yakula ndi kusungidwa kwa mizu.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito biofungicides planriz, trichodermin, phytosporin, komanso kuzizira zaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a phyto-dokotala, amateteza mbewu ku zovuta zamatenda, makamaka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza tanki. Spray pafupipafupi ndi mitengo yotupa imasonyezedwa m'mayendedwe. Mankhwalawa alibe vuto kwa anthu, nyama ndi tizilombo.
Mwa tizirombo, ntchentche ntchentche, ntchentche tsamba la karoti, ntchentche zodumphira, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi njenjete zomwe zimawonongera udzu winawake. Ma bioinsecticides otsatirawa ndi othandiza kwambiri kuwongolera tizirombo t pamwambapa: bitoxibacillin, verticillin, haupsin, boverin, phytoverm, lepidocide ndi ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo komwe kuphatikiza ndi biofungicides mu tank kusakanikirana kumawonjezera mphamvu ya zochita pa tizirombo ndi matenda.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa. Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi poizoni ndipo sizipha tizirombo zokha. Zili ndi poizoni kwa anthu.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Mizu ya Selari imakololedwa kumapeto kwa yophukira. Zomera zimakumbidwa ndikuchotsa dothi. Zomera zomwe zimayesedwa zimamasulidwa mosamala ndikumamatira nthaka, kudula mizu ndi masamba kuti zisawononge mizu (nthawi yomweyo imayamba kuvunda). Zomera zokhazokha zimasungidwa mumchenga wosaphika m'magulu azimbudzi ndi masamba. M'malo oyenera kwambiri, mbewu za muzu zimasungidwa kwa miyezi 4-8.
Celery onunkhira, kapena udzu winawake onunkhira bwino, kapena udzu winawake wokalamba (Apium tombolens). © Shamba la SandyfootKukakamiza mbewu muzu kukhala zitsamba zatsopano
Pokonzekera mizu yosunga nthawi yachisanu, zina mwa izo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipatso kukhala zitsamba zatsopano. Zilonda zolemera mpaka 250 g zimatengedwa. Pambuyo pa masiku 30-30 a distillation, mutha kudula masamba obiriwira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwatsopano. Munthawi yachisanu-masika nthawi iliyonse kuchokera muzu uliwonse zimatha kuchitidwa katatu tsamba limadulidwa.
Pomera mphukira, mbewu za muzu zimabzalidwa zolimba mumakina okhala ndi mbali 12-16 cm.Dothi lozungulira mizu yake limapangidwa. Kubzala kumathiriridwa mwadongosolo. Kutentha masana kumasungidwa + 15 ... + 19 * С, ndipo usiku + 10 ... + 12 * С. Mukakakamiza kuvala kwapamwamba sikuchitika.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Mizu Selari
Malinga ndi nthawi yakucha, udzu winawake wa mizu amagawika m'magulu a mitundu yoyambirira, yapakati komanso mochedwa.
- Mitundu yoyambirira yamadera onse: Apple, Root Gribovsky, Daimondi, Cascade, chimphona cha Prague.
- Maphunziro apakati m'magawo onse: Strongman, Albin, Giant, Egor.
- Mochedwa mitundu. Akakula, saopa chisanu: Anita, Maxim.
Kwa Russia wapakati: Muzu Gribovsky, Nthenga Golide, Anita, Apple.
M'madera a ku Siberia ndi ku Urals: Apple, Gribovsky, Anita, Strongman, Egor, Yesaul, kukula kwa Russia, Maxim.
