Physalis, ndiye jamu wa ku Peru (yemwe amatchulidwa kuti amve kukoma, amakumbutsa pang'ono za jamu), alinso m'gulu la nyemba zadothi, alinso msuzi wa sitiroberi. Mutabzala physalis patsamba lanu, mulimonse momwe mungakhalire ndi zokolola zotsimikizika. Physalis ali ndi mitundu iwiri yodya: masamba ndi mabulosi (sitiroberi).
MatendaDzina lachi Latin Matenda - mtundu waukulu kwambiri wazomera wazomera wa banja la Solanaceae (Solanaceae), nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi tomato. Anthuwa amadzitcha kuti mabulosi a emerald kapena cranberries (ngakhale zilibe kanthu ndi kiranberi), ma jamu a ku Peru, zipatso zamatcheri, sitiroberi.
Zanyama Zanyama (Physalis philadelphica) ndi mtundu wa physalis waku Mexico. Anthu amtunduwu amatcha chikhalidwe ichi "phwetekere" ndi "milomat", i.e. Tomato waku Mexico.
Mitundu ya Berry - physalis ochokera ku South America, awa akuphatikizapo Physalis Peruvian (Physalis peruviana) ndi Stralis Strawberry (Physalis pubescens).
Zipatso za physalis. Bwino masamba a Physalis, mabulosi pansi.
Chipatso cha masamba a masamba ndi mabulosi amtundu wamtundu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wachikasu, ofanana ndi phwetekere. Zipatso zimakoma bwino, zimadyedwa zonse zosaphika ndikuzikonza. Ngati zipatso zikukolola osapsa, zitha kusungidwa nthawi yonse yozizira (zofanana ndi ma tochi m'milandu ya lalanje).
Physalis imalimidwa bwino dothi lomweli lomwe tomato limakula ndikukula. M'mawonekedwe, chitsamba cha physalis ndi chachikulu kwambiri (80-100 cm), chocheperako, chofanana ndi chitsamba choyandikira.
Pa chitsamba chilichonse cha physalis mutha kupeza zipatso zosachepera 2-3 kg. Zipatso za kukoma kosangalatsa, chifukwa mumatha kuphika mbale zambiri komanso zophikirako. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso za physalis zimakhala ndi katundu wochiritsa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidya iwo omwe akudwala matenda a impso (pali lingaliro lomwe nthawi yomweyo miyala imathetsa).
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yamasamba ndi mabulosi, palinso Physalis yokongoletsera (Physalis vulgaris - Physalis alkekengi, kapena nyali yaku China, nthawi yake imakhala yotentha bwino, ikukula pachaka kuchokera ku ma rhizomes omwe sakhala ozama mobisa.
Physalis vulgaris (Physalis alkekengi).
Mawonekedwe a thupi
Zomera za Physalis zimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri (mpaka nthambi 12) zomwe zimakhazikika (m'gulu la masamba) kapena zokwawa (mu mabulosi) zazitali 60 - 120 cm. Masamba ndi ophweka komanso owongoka m'mbali mwake (m'gulu la mabulosi - pang'ono opindika). Maluwa amakhala okha mu nkhwangwa za nthambi, zokhala ngati belu laling'ono la chikaso chofiirira ndipo pansi pake. Chipatsochi ndi mabulosi ambiri okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yozunguliridwa ndi kapu yazikopa.
Zipatso 100 mpaka 200 zimapangidwa pamtengowo. Zipatso za physalis za masamba ndi zokulirapo:
- Dothi Gribovsky - 40 - 60 g,
- Moscow koyambirira - 50 - 80 g,
- Confectionery - 40 - 50 g,
- Wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu - 60 - 90 g.
Mabulosi physalis a Strawberry zosiyanasiyana 573 ali ndi mabulosi ochepa - 6 - 10 g.
Kuyambira mbande mpaka kucha ndi mmera njira kulima masamba masamba 90 - masiku 100 zapita, mabulosi physalis - 10 - 20 masiku ena. Zipatso za physalis zimatambasulidwa kwa miyezi 1 - 1.5, chifukwa chomeracho chimamera ndipo chimamera chisanu, ndipo kunthambi iliyonse, chimakhala ndi maluwa komanso mawonekedwe.
Physalis Peruvian, kapena Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana).
Pokhudzana ndi chilengedwe, masamba a masamba amakhala pafupi ndi phwetekere, koma kuyerekeza ndi iwo kumakhala kozizira kwambiri, kosagwirizana ndi chilala komanso kosavomerezeka. Mbewu zake zimamera pamtengo wa + 10 ... 12 °, koma mbewu zamabulosi - + 15 ° C ndi pamwamba. Kutentha kwambiri pakupanga ndi kukula kwa madokotala ndi + 15 ... 20 ° C.
Mitima imamera pamadothi onse, kupatula acidic, mchere, komanso madzi ambiri. Pa dothi lolemera lachonde, ma physalis amatha kubereka zipatso zochuluka kwambiri kuposa pamchenga, makamaka dothi lachonde pang'ono, ngakhale kucha zipatso kwachiwiri kumachitika kale. Kulekerera kwakukulu kwachilala kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizu yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa phwetekere. Monga chomera chololera mthunzi, ma physalis amamasuka bwino pakati pa mizere ya mbewu zina, ndipo kuwonjezereka kozizira kwa masamba a masamba kumalola kuti kukwezedwe kumadera akumpoto.
Ulimi wa thupi
Kwa physalis m'munda, madera omwewo amasankhidwa ngati phwetekere yoyika pambuyo pamasamba azomera zamera pamsa watsopano (nkhaka, kabichi). Chonde dziwani kuti m'makonzedwe a physalis sipayenera kukhala ozungulira, apo ayi simungapewe kufewetsa nthaka komanso kufalitsa matenda omwewo.
Mbande za Physalis zimabzyala panthaka itatha chisanu, sabata imodzi musanadzala mbande za phwetekere kapena nthawi yomweyo. Mbande zibzalidwa zaka zakubadwa 55-60 kuchokera pofesa mbewu. Kubzala mapulani a physalis poyera komanso pansi pazotetera zazing'onoting'ono pogwiritsa ntchito chitsamba chamtundu wa 70x70 cm (masamba) ndi 60x60 (mabulosi).
M'malo obiriwira okhala ndi garter to stakes kapena ofukula trellis, physalis amaikidwa malinga ndi chiwembu 70x50 - 60 cm (masamba) ndi 70x30 - 40 cm (mabulosi). Zitsime zimapangidwa poyang'anizana ndi mizere yotsatsira, madzi amawatsanulira, ndipo atatha kumeza chinyontho, 300-500 g kompositi amawonjezedwa kuzitsime. Mu nyengo yamdzuwa, mbande zimabzalidwa masana, kwamitambo - nthawi iliyonse yabwino kwa nyakulayo. Mutabzala, imakakamizidwa ndi dothi komanso osathiriridwa pamwamba kuti kutumphuka kusapangike.
Masamba a Physalis (Physalis philadelphica).
Mukukula, dothi limasungidwa popanda udzu. Pathupi limakula popanda kutsina ndi kutsina. Mukakulitsa nthambi zobiriwira, zipatso zambiri zimapangidwa pa iye. Zipatso zimakololedwa mpaka woyamba kuzizira, pomwe mbewuzo zimapirira kutentha madontho a 2 ° C ndikupitilira kubala zipatso ngakhale kutentha kwa zero. Sonkhanitsani zipatso zikamakula, chikho chikayamba kuuma.
Zipatso zowonongeka zimatha kuwonongeka; chifukwa posungira nthawi yayitali, zimatha kuchotsedwa pang'ono. M'chipinda chofunda bwino, zipatso za physalis zitha kucha ndikuisungidwa kwa miyezi itatu kapena itatu. Mzipinda zonyowa, makamaka zikasungidwa mulu, zimachedwa msanga ndipo zimakhala zosayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu.
Asanapangidwe, zipatso za masamba a masamba zimapukutidwa kuti zichotse zomatira kwa iwo. Berry physalis safuna blancing, popeza alibe chinthu chomatira. Ngati zipatso za masamba a masamba zitha kusiyidwa kuti zikhwime, ndiye kuti zipatsozo ziyenera kungotulidwa zokha.
Zotsatira zamasamba a masamba obiriwira komanso nthaka yotumphukira ndi 2 - 3 kg / m² (masamba) ndi 0,5 - 0,1 kg / m² (mabulosi). Mu greenh m'nyumba, mbewu ndi 1.5 mpaka 2 kuchulukitsa.
Kubalana Kwanyama
Physalis imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Mutha kuwabzala m'nthaka, koma pakati pake mbewuyi imakula bwino chifukwa cha mbande. Ndiyenera kunena kuti mbewu za mitundu yamitundumitundu ya zipatso sizovuta kupeza - assortment yawo ndiyochepa komanso yosiyana kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, simungatsimikize kuti mudagula zomwe mukufuna - ndi mayina amitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya mabulosi physalis (ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndi mbewu), pamakhala chisokonezo.
Kukula physalis, kumbukirani kukula kwake ndi kukhwima. Mwachitsanzo, physalis of Peruvian (mawonekedwe a mabulosi) ndi mbewu yomwe imakula msanga (mpaka 2 m), yotentha komanso yojambulidwa. Kuyambira mbande mpaka mbewu yoyamba, masiku 130-140 amadutsa, ndiye mbewu zake zimabzalidwa mbande pakati - kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February. Chomera chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo okhazikika (koposa zonse - mufiriji wowonera) kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mukamatola ndikubzala, ndikofunikira kuzama mbande mpaka pansi. Zopanda zoposa mbewu ziwiri zomwe zimayikidwa pa 1 m² ya nthaka. Mukapanga, pini mbali zonse zowombera pansipa woyamba. Pamwamba pa mphukira yoyamba, mbewuyo imapindika. Peruvian physalis imathiriridwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi komanso tomato: kamodzi masiku 6.7, kumapeto kwa tsikulo, kupewa madzi kulowa pamasamba. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa - kuti nsonga zisakule kenanso ndipo zipatso zimamangidwa mwachangu. Achipatala akhwima ngati "tochi" zasandulika chikaso. Zipatso mkati zimatembenukira lalanje. Zipatso ndizovuta kupatukana ndi chitsamba, muyenera kutenga mpeni. Pambuyo pa kutolera, amauma pamodzi ndi "tochi" ndikuwasungidwa pamalo abwino mpweya wabwino pa +1 mpaka 15 ° C. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mbewuyo imasungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo.
Physalis Peruvian, kapena Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana).
Mtundu wamphesa wa raini (wa sitiroberi) uli ndi zipatso zazing'ono kuposa Peru (pafupifupi 1-2 g), ndipo chomeracho chokha ndi chaching'ono (mpaka 40 cm), chosaganizira. Mbewuzo zimapsa patatha masiku 100-110 zitamera, ndiye mbewu za mbande zofesedwa kumapeto kwa March. Mukamatola, khazikitsani pansi pa ma cotyledons. Mbande zimasungidwa kumalo osakhazikika kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June, makamaka m'malo otentha, otetezedwa. Zomera 6-8 zimayikidwa 1 m². Physalis zoumba popanda thandizo; sizifunikira kuti ipangidwe. Kutsirira ndikofanana ndi Peruvia, kusiyana kokha ndikuti kuthirira kumayimitsidwa pakati pa Ogasiti. Kucha zipatso zowonekera kuthengo. Nthawi zambiri, osakhwima umagweranso - amafunika kuti azisungidwa kwa masiku 10-15 mchipinda. Ndikusungidwa bwino, zipatsozo zikhala miyezi 4-5. Mitundu yonse yamagetsi imadzipatsa zokolola zambiri chaka chilichonse ndipo imatha kufalikira pamalowa.
Mauthu amathanso kufesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanawonongeke ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, imazizira kuposa masamba ena ochokera kubanja lomwelo la nightshade, osagwira chilala.
Ngakhale kuti physalis yakhala ikudziwika kale pachikhalidwe, imakhalabe yobiriwira masamba ndipo siyolimidwa pang'ono ndi olima athu. Pakadali pano, mbewu ya physalis itha kupezeka mchaka chilichonse (ngakhale chovuta kwambiri), chifukwa sizikhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo tina. Ngakhale mdani woyipitsitsa wa Solanaceae ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata wa ku Colorado, ndipo pazifukwa zina akatswiriwa amadutsana nazo.
