Ngakhale masiku ano pali mbewu zambiri zokongoletsera, olima maluwa ambiri samakana mwayi wokhala ndi nthumwi zachilendo monga mtengo wa khofi m'nyumba mwawo. Komabe, si aliyense amene aganiza zothandiza kutsatira lingaliroli, chifukwa amakhulupirira molakwika kuti sadzatha kukula ndi kusamalira chomera ichi. Zowonadi, zonse ndizosiyana, chifukwa ndi njira yoyenera, mutha kukula bwino mtengo wa khofi kunyumba.
Komwe mtengo wakumwa khofi umakhala ku Africa, ndipo mkati mwake, khofi idatha kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano silimangokhala m'madera okhaokha omwe nyengo yawo imakhalapo kwambiri. Ngati mumamupatsa chisamaliro choyenera, ndiye kuti zaka zingapo zidzatha, ndipo mutha kulawa chakumwa cha fungo lamtengo wapatali chomwe mumapanga ndi dzanja lanu.
Mawonekedwe a mbewu
Ngati mwadzisankhira nokha kuti mukufuna ndalama zilizonse kuyesa kumwa zakumwa zozimira khofi wobiriwira, konzekerani zomwe mungafune ayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika. Koma choyambirira, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima, chifukwa nthawi yambiri idzadutsa zipatso zisanachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kupanga malo abwino otentha a mtengo wa khofi kuti ukule ndikukula bwino.
Mbewu zachomerazi zikakhala pansi, poto uyenera kukonzedwanso pamalo oyanika momwe kutentha kuyenera kusungidwira osachepera madigiri 20. Mukamapanga izi, mudzathandizira kumera kwa mbeu.
Mukamakulitsa khofi, kumbukirani kuti kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zina zakunja kumabweretsa mavuto okha. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana. Ndikwabwino kusiya ntchito yonseyi, pokhapokha ngati chomeracho chadutsa zomwe mukuyembekezera zokhudzana ndi kukula. Iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mtengo wa khofi sukutulutsa konse monga mbewu zomwe zimakonda kufesa maluwa wamba. Kupadera kwa mtengo wa khofi ndikuti amapanga zipatso maluwa safuna kupukutidwa.
Musanabzale zipatso zakupsa, muyenera kukonzekera pochotsa zamkati ndi kuzisambitsa ndi madzi. Kenako, mufunika yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, momwe amaiyikira theka la ola. Mukatha izi, muyenera kubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo.
Mawonekedwe a dothi
Ngakhale olima odziwa zamaluwa sangathe kuyankha funso loti mtengo wa khofi uyenera kukhala uti. Pali zinthu zambiri zofunika kuziganizira, pomwe nthaka ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza komwe kumaphatikizanso zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa acidity yake kuti ibe.
Kutengera gawo la moyo wa chomera gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosakaniza za dothi:
Gawo laling'ono loti lifesedwe kufesa njere ndi mphukira. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kutenga dothi ndi mchenga wamtsinje, chifukwa cha momwe chinyontho chimalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Ngakhale musanabzale, ndikofunikira kusalaza gawo lapansi. Izi zimachitika ndikuziyika mu bafa lamadzi, pomwe ziyenera kukhala zosachepera mphindi 5. Pakubzala, njerezo zimayikidwa pansipo pamtunda. Ngati malingaliro onse atsatiridwa, ndiye kuti pakatha miyezi 1.5 mbewuzo zimayamba kukhonya. Tikudikirira kukhazikitsidwa kwa masamba oyamba, ndikofunikira kuganiza zakukuza mbande mu dothi loyenera kukula. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti poyamba gawo la zinthu zina zofunika kuzisintha ziyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse kufikira mbewu itakwanitsa zaka zitatu. M'tsogolomu, kuchuluka kwa zosinthira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pakapita zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.- Nthaka anafuna kuti chitha kuzomera chomera. Amapangidwa pamaziko a asidi peat, mchenga, nthaka yamasamba, humus, makala ndi moss, omwe amatengedwa wofanana. Kuti mudzidzipulumutse nokha pakusaka kotopetsa zinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi, mutha kuzigula kumalo ogulitsa maluwa. Ngati mukufuna kuti mphukira yachinyamata isanduke mtengo wamadzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziuthira mumphika waukulu. Kenako mizu imadzapangidwa mkati, chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imatha kutenga michere yochuluka kuchokera m'nthaka.
Gawo laling'ono loti lifesedwe kufesa njere ndi mphukira. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kutenga dothi ndi mchenga wamtsinje, chifukwa cha momwe chinyontho chimalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Ngakhale musanabzale, ndikofunikira kusalaza gawo lapansi. Izi zimachitika ndikuziyika mu bafa lamadzi, pomwe ziyenera kukhala zosachepera mphindi 5. Pakubzala, njerezo zimayikidwa pansipo pamtunda. Ngati malingaliro onse atsatiridwa, ndiye kuti pakatha miyezi 1.5 mbewuzo zimayamba kukhonya. Tikudikirira kukhazikitsidwa kwa masamba oyamba, ndikofunikira kuganiza zakukuza mbande mu dothi loyenera kukula. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti poyamba gawo la zinthu zina zofunika kuzisintha ziyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse kufikira mbewu itakwanitsa zaka zitatu. M'tsogolomu, kuchuluka kwa zosinthira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pakapita zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.Kubzala mtengo wa khofi m'njira zomera kumafuna Kukonzekera kwa odulidwa odulidwa. Kuti muchite izi, imasungidwa kwa maola 1-2 mu njira yapadera. Mutha kuyamba kufika pokhapokha mutakonzekera zonse zofunika. Kenako amapitilira mwachindunji chonde ndikulowetsa m'nthaka, pomwe pamafunika kuyikidwa mmanda osaposa masentimita 3. Pakadayamba masamba oyamba a chomera, chomera chatsopano chikhoza kuchitika, momwe zinthu zonse zofananira monga vuto ndi mbewu zamera mwachindunji kuchokera ku mbewu.
Arabica khofi: chisamaliro chakunyumba
Pokonzekera kubzala mbendera ya khofi wa arabica, muyenera kukumbukira kuti imamasuka kwambiri ngati itaperekedwa kuwala kokwanira. M'malo otentha otentha, khofi imamera ndi shading. Njira yocheperako iyenera kukhala pakulima khofi kunyumba: ndikofunikira kuti ipangire kuyatsa kwambiri, apo ayi kuperewera kwake kumachepetsa kukula kwa mbewuyo, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala kuchereza kwa zipatso.
M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti duwa lizikhala kotentha kwambiri kumwera. Ngakhale ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kutentha sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 15 digiri. Makamaka muyenera kusamala ndi masiku ozizira komanso amitambo, pomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupi ndi chomera nyali zama fluorescent. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamaluwa a khofi mopepuka komanso ofunda.
Kuyera kwa duwa kumawonetsedwa m'lingaliro lakuti mawonekedwe oyenera kwambiri oyendetsera malowo amayenera kupitilizidwa kosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati muyesera kutembenuza mtengowo, zidzakuthandizani kuti mupeze masamba okongola okha. Pankhaniyi, mukuyenera kusiyidwa osakolola kwakanthawi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muteteze mtengo wa khofi ku dzuwa mwachindunji, sibwino kuisunga kumbali yakumpoto, komwe imalandira kuwala pang'ono.
M'nyengo yotentha, dzuwa likatentha kwambiri, muyenera kuthira khofi nthawi zonse Kuthetsa madzi kutentha kwa firiji. Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira, muyenera kusamalira masamba, omwe ndiofunika kupopera.
Pokonzekera kusunthira poto kupita kwina, muyenera koyamba kukonzekera mankhwalawo.
Pakupita milungu ingapo, mbewuyo imayenera kumakulungidwa mu utoto. Ndiye mumamupatsa nyali zowala. Chifukwa cha izi, zidzakhala bwino kuzolowera kuyatsa kwatsopano. Pokonza mtengo wa khofi, muyenera kuchita zinthu zina, zomwe ndi zosavuta ndipo sizifunika maluso apadera. Chachikulu ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro oyang'anira chomera.
Kuthirira
Kutsirira ndikofunikira kwambiri ku mtengo wa khofi.
- chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenera kulipidwa kuti ikhale yamtundu wamadzi: siyenera kukhala ndi zosayipidwa ndi laimu zomwe zingawononge kwambiri mizu;
- ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa acidity ya nthaka. Kuti muzisamalira, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera madontho ochepa a viniga kapena makhiristo a citric acid kumadzi okhazikika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Ngakhale khofi imayankha bwino chinyezi, mulingo wa chinyezi sayenera kukhala kwambiri;
- kudya kumathandizanso, komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pa miyezi 1.5. Manyowa amchere am'madzi ndioyenereradi izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphukira zatsopano, ndipo ndi izi chomera chimalandira michere yonse yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Pa kukula kwa khofi kudya kosakwanira kasupe. Makamaka muyenera kumvetsera ku chomera pamapangidwe a maluwa, chifukwa mgawo lino khofi amafunika nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous yambiri. Mutha kuwapatsa chomera pogwiritsa ntchito zida za nyanga kapena mafupa.
Dziwani kuti munthu wamba yemwe alibe zida zapadera sangathe kudziwa kuti nthaka yomwe amalima khofi ili nayo. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa zovuta posamalira khofi, tikulimbikitsidwa kufunafuna thandizo kwa katswiri mu shopu yamaluwa kuti akuwuzeni kuvala koyenera kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi ndalama zochepa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodalirika yothira feteleza. Zitha kukhala wamba Moss wopezeka m'nkhalango.
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera feteleza woyenera kumathandizira khofi kukula, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa inu, chifukwa mumayembekezera kuti mitengo ya khofi iwonjezere kukhazikika. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsina nthawi zonse. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za zina za chomera, ndikofunikira kuzichotsa pansi pa pepala lophimba.
Mavuto omwe mungakumane nawo
Kusamalira khofi woyenera kumaphatikizapo kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa acidity ya nthaka. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imachita izi potaya masamba ake obiriwira amdima, masamba obiriwira, chifukwa chomwe amatha kutulutsa. Pang'onopang'ono, mutha kuwona momwe masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikaso, ndipo patapita nthawi chomera chimatha kupukuta ngati sichimapereka mpweya wabwino. Osatinso khofi komanso kuchuluka chinyezi mchipindacho, popeza izi zimakwiyitsa masamba, nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda akulu, omwe pambuyo pake amafunika nthawi yambiri kuti khofi ichiritse.
Musanayambe kulima khofi kunyumba, ndikofunikira kukambirana mfundo zofunika ndi katswiri yemwe angalankhule njira zodzitetezera ku matenda ndi tizirombo tina:
- kangaude;
- tizilombo tambiri;
- mealybug;
- nsabwe za m'masamba;
Kuyika izi, mutha kupanga khofi wambiri m'nyumba yanu. mulingo woyenera kwambiri wokulira, ndipo izi zidzakulitsa mwayi wanu wolandila zipatso zonunkhira m'zaka zingapo.
Pomaliza
Popeza adziwapo kanthu pokulira m'zomera zokongoletsera, mwina ena mwa olimawo anali ndi chidwi chakulitsa nyumba ndi khofi. Kanani lingaliro ili siloyenera, chifukwa ndizotheka. Ngakhale izi njirayi imatenga nthawi yambiri, komabe, posamalira bwino mtengowu mu zaka zingapo, mutha kupeza zipatso za khofi onunkhira nokha. Chifukwa chake, ngati simukuopa zovuta ndipo mwakonzeka kulimbana ndi matenda, mutatha kulandira maphunziro ophunzirira pazoyambira zokulitsa mtengo wa khofi mchipinda, mutha kupita ku bizinesi.
