Kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi ndikufuna kudziwa kuti mbewu iyi ilibe kanthu kochita ndi chikonga komanso kusuta kwake. Ngakhale dzinalo limafotokoza mosiyana.
Komwe fodya wonunkhira amaonedwa kuti ndi waku South America, pomwe mbewu iyi ndi yosatha, pomwe m'dziko lathu imatha kuphuka mu nyengo imodzi yokha. Masamba a chomeracho ndiwobiliwira, ndipo maluwa ndi ofanana ndi ma galamafoni otsekedwa.
Kufotokozera kwa fodya onunkhira
Fodya wokoma ndi wa banja la nightshade, yomwe chaka chilichonse imabzalidwe. Imadziwika ngati mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa maluwa onse onunkhira a chilimwe. Kuti azisangalala ndi fungo lamadzulo madzulo a chilimwe, adabzala m'minda yawo yakutsogolo. Pali mbewu zomwe zimakopa chidwi chake komanso kukongola kwake, ndipo fungo lonunkhira limakopa aliyense ndi fungo lake lomwe limapezeka madzulo. Komanso, chowala bwino cha duwa, chimayamba kununkhira kwake.
Fodya wokoma amatanthauza mbewu za pachaka. Tsinde lake ndi locheperako ndipo limatha kutalika masentimita 80. Lili ndi masamba akuluakulu omwe ali pafupi ndi muzu ali ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa, ndikuwakhazikika pa tsinde palokha. Maluwa ndi owoneka ngati nyenyezi ndipo amafikira mainchesi 8,. Amatoleredwa mu inflemose inflorescence. Mwachilengedwe, fodya wonunkhira amakhala mwa zoyera zokha. Chomera chokha chimakutidwa ndi tsitsi chomwe chimatha kuteteza ku kutentha kwa dzuwa ndipo, chophatikiza, chimasunga chinthu ndi fungo lokhazikika.
Fodya wokoma: zithunzi ndi mitundu
Zopangidwa Pano mitundu yambiri ya fodya onunkhiraomwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:
- Pinki
- Rasipiberi wofiira
- Lilac
- Ndimu zobiriwira
- Ndi ena
Titha kutsindika otchuka komanso otchuka Mwa mitundu, awa ndi:
- "Sunny Bunny". Maluwa amakhala achikasu achikasu, ndipo amatha kutalika 80 cm.
- "Usiku moto." Maluwa amapakidwa utoto wa rasipiberi, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 60 cm.
- "Belu lolira." Maluwa amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wa pinki, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mpaka 90 cm.
- "Lilac chifunga." Maluwa amapakidwa utoto wa lilac womwewo, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 60-75 cm.
- Kuwala kobiriwira. Maluwa amapaka utoto wokoma, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mpaka 50 cm.
Kukula ndi kubzala fungo lonunkhira kuchokera kumbewu
Fodya wokoma ndi osasamalika bwino pantchito ndi kulima. Imakhala ngati chomera chokonda kutentha, chifukwa chake musanabzale pamalo otseguka, muyenera kutero konzani mbande. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa february, kusankha mitundu yomwe mukufuna, mutha kufesa mbewuzo ndikuziyika muchiwiya chosaya. Chotetezerachi chimakutidwa ndi chidutswa cha galasi kapena filimu yowonekera.
Popeza njerezo ndizochepa kwambiri, sizigwa m'munda, koma zimangabalalika pamtunda ndikuthira madzi. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 20 madigiri. Kuti mbewu zimere bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizilowetsa nthangalazo mu tirigu ndipo tiziwalole kuti zithe. Asanabzale, ndikofunikira kukonza dothi. Ndikofunikira kutenga peat, dothi lamtunda ndi humus m'malo ofanana.
Choyamba Zikumera ziyenera kuwoneka m'milungu 1.5-2, yomwe idzafunikira kuti ibzalidwe mumbale osiyana.
Kudzala liti fodya ndi chisamaliro chake
Nthawi yabwino yodzala mbande mumsewu ndi masiku oyamba a Juni, pomwe nthaka idatenthedwa kale. Kutalika pakati pa msana kuyenera kusiyidwa pakati pa masentimita 30-50, kutengera ndi mtundu wanji wa maluwa ndi utali wake. Ndikwabwino kukumba ndi kuthira dothi musanadzalemo, ndikuwonjezera feteleza wachilengedwe. Mdzenje la mbande, ndibwino kuwonjezera superphosphate. Ndipo kuti musasokoneze mizu, muyenera kuziwonjezera pamodzi ndi nthaka yomwe mbande zake zidakula.
Fodya wokongoletsa samafuna zochulukira m'nthaka, koma popeza masamba ake akuluakulu, amatenga muyenera chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambira maluwa ndi ngalande komanso kuthirira.
Kuwala kuyenera kukhala pamalo oyenera kulima fodya, ndipo kuyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Limamasula chilimwe chonse ndipo limatha kutatsala pang'ono kugwa. Ndipo kuti mwina mulimose nyengoyo, muyenera kuchotsa masamba, maudzu ndi kumasula dziko lapansi. Pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze dothi ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake fodya udzaphuka mpaka magawo oyamba a m'dzinja. Maluwa amatulutsa kokha madzulo ndipo amatseguka usiku wonse, ndipo m'mawa amabisanso.
Mbewuyo ikafota, chipatso chomwe chimakhala ndi njere chimakhalabe. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala chaka chamawa.
Fodya wokoma amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. chomera cha phytoncid. Amatha kuwopa tizirombo osati yekha, komanso kuchokera kuzomera zapafupi. Pakhala pali nthawi zina pomwe fodya adalowedwa ndi kachilombo ka mbatata ya Colorado.
Fodya wopangidwa ndi mbewu. Koma mutha kumukhazika panja nthawi yozizira isanachitike, ngati mbewuzo zili ndi malo abwino pabwino ndikutetezedwa ku chisanu. Maluwa awa amanenedwa kukhala athanzi komanso ophuka.
Mutha kukumba chitsamba m'dzinja, kuuthira nthawi yachisanu mumphika. Zonenepa zonse zidzafunika kudulidwa komanso kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndipo mu kasupe kubwerera kumtunda.
