Kalatea - maluwa

Kalathea ndi gawo limodzi la banja la arrowroots, lomwe limakhala malo oyamba pakati pa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Zoyambira za arrowroots zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhalango zotentha za ku Central ndi South America, zomwe zidatsimikiza ubale wawo kuti uziwala ndi mpweya.

Dera logawika la mitundu ya calathea ndiwokulirapo ndipo limakhala madera achitetezo kumayiko otentha. Chosiyanacho ndi Australia, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mayiko ena onse ndi madzi ambiri. Marantoids ndiofala ku Africa, komwe amayimilidwa makamaka ndi mitundu yachilengedwe. Mitundu ina imapezeka ku India, Burma, kuzilumba za malo osungirako zinthu zaku Mala ndi Oceania.

Saffron Calathea (Calathea crocata).

Zolemba Zachilengedwe Za Marantoids

Oimira banja lomwe calathea ndi yake makamaka ya herbaceous ndi lianoid perennials. Rhizome ndiye malo osungira kwambiri momwe madzi ndi michere imasonkhanitsidwa. Amafuna chinyezi chambiri chokwanira. Mukakhala kouma, madzi amasandulika msanga ndikufa.

Arrowroot ndi mbewu yokongoletsera komanso yokongoletsa. Chinsinsi chawo chachikulu chili ndi masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi masamba ambiri, omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri cha banja lokha. Pamapeto pa petiole, pafupi ndi tsamba, pali bulge yomwe imakweza ndi kuzunguliza kuzinthu zowunikira kuti izitenge zotsalira za mizere yomwe ikulowa pansi pa nthambi yonyowa. Mwa ichi, kalatea amatchedwa "maluwa." M'mawa, masamba opindika bwino, pofika madzulo, pindani ndikutukuka m'mwamba, ngati manja ndikupemphera.

Ndipo chinthu china chimasiyanitsa arrowroot ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimamera m'malo omwewa. Mitundu ina, itatha maluwa, gawo lonse la mlengalenga limafa. Koma mtengowo sufa ndipo sutha. Pakapita kanthawi, ndikuthilira mosalekeza, mphukira zazing'ono zimawonekera ndipo mbewuyo imakhalanso ndi moyo. Mwa mitundu 30 ya banja, 4 ali akulu mu chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo calathea.

Khalidweli lokongola. Ndagwidwa ndi masamba anu

Calathea ndi chomera chamuyaya chomwe chimakhala ndi mizu yosungirako mwanjira ya tuber kapena rhizome. M'nyumba amakula mpaka 1.0 m kapena kuposa. Chotumphukira cha masamba osiyanasiyananso chimapangidwa pamalo ofupikitsidwa, pomwe masamba osiyanasiyana amawoneka pa petioles lalitali - kuyambira lanceolate mpaka oval ozungulira ndi osalala kapena avy. Masamba amakula mpaka 10-20 cm. Kunja kwa masamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofiirira. Nthawi zina pamakhala zobiriwira zakuda kwambiri. Mbali yakumtunda kwa tsamba limakhala malo amtambo, logawidwa ndi mizere yoyera m'magawo awiri. Mitsempha yamkati yapakati ndiyakuda ndipo kale idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chopukutira mabasiketi. Chifukwa chake dzinali Kalatea, lomwe mu Chigriki limatanthawuza "basket!"

Chaka chilichonse, calathea imakhala masamba 5,6 achinyamata. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya calatas imamasuka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka chilimwe. Kukula kwa inflorescence komwe kumapangidwa ndi kangaude wopangika kumanyamula maluwa ang'onoang'ono a nondescript a mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuyambira yoyera mpaka ya utoto wofiirira. Maluwa amatha kupitilira milungu itatu. Koma, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pakati pa mitundu yamtunduwu mulinso maluwa okongola (Kalatea Makoya, safroni ya Kalathea, Kalatey Varshevich).

Calathea Bachem (Calathea bachemiana).

Zinthu zosamalira calathea kunyumba

Kutentha ndi malo

Ma calatheas safuna kutentha kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, makulitsidwewo ndi +16 - + 24ºº, nthawi yachisanu yopanda kuthirira +12 - + 16ºС. Palibe zojambula ndi kuwala kowala pansi pa mtengo, kotero ma calatheas amawonetsetsa kwambiri kutentha kosasintha (potsegula zitseko ndi mawindo) ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, amaikidwa bwino kwambiri kuchokera pazenera zowala, kuchokera kuzitseko zokhazikika ndi zojambulajambula kuchokera pawindo lotseguka.

Kuwala kokwanira "kumadya" chikhalidwe chamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya calathea. Kuyesera kuchoka kutali ndikuwala kowala, mbewu zimapinda masamba masamba. Muzipinda zamakona za 4 zamakona, amadzimva ali ndi gawo lakholo pakona yopindika, kwinaku akuwonjezera kukwiya kwa chipinda chobwerekera chomwe chimakhala ndi ngodya ndi mipando. Mitundu yofewa, monga (kuwala kwa dzuwa) idzatsitsimutsa mkati mwa chipindacho, kupanga cholembedwa chatsopano chokongoletsa chake

Dothi

M'malo achilengedwe, ma calatheas amakula pamtchire, m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, mchikhalidwe chachipinda, amafunikira gawo lofanana. Pobzala, osakaniza dothi amakonzedwa kuchokera ku dothi lansalu, peat ndi mchenga (2: 1: 1), ndikuphatikiza ndi makala osweka, zidutswa za khungwa, malo ochepa a coniferous. Kupititsa patsogolo katundu wa thupi ndikuwonjezera mtengo wathanzi, humus 20-30% imawonjezeredwa. M'masitolo, mutha kugula zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi dothi zakunja.

Calathea Warszewicz (Calathea warcewiczii).

Chinyezi

Mkhalidwe waukulu wabwinobwino wa zomera ndi chinyezi cha mpweya. Iyenera kukhala yokwanira chaka chonse. Ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera pachomera chopopera ndi madzi oyera (opanda calcium ndi chlorine). Muphika wa calathea uyenera kuyimilira pamiyala kapena m'miyala (yopanda madzi). Madzi akatuluka, zinthu zomwe zili poto ziyenera kupukutidwa.

Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba velvety kapena masamba a pubescent sitha kupopera. Ndikwabwino kuwasambitsa ndikusamba 2 kawiri pamwezi ndikuwaza mpweya kuzungulira mbeu 1-2 patsiku, ndikupanga chinyezi chambiri. Fumbi pamasamba limachotsedwa ndi kansalu kouma kapena burashi, popeza kuti masamba amakhala osalimba komanso osavuta kutulutsa .. Kuonjezera chinyezi chachilengedwe mchipindacho, ndibwino kukula calatheas ndi maluwa ena m'makona ena onse. minda yozizira, etc.

Chowongolera

M'nyengo yotentha, ma calatheas amathiriridwa madzi katatu pa sabata, ndipo nthawi yozizira nthawi 1 mu masiku 6-8. Kutsirira kotsatira kumachitika pamene dothi lapamwamba (2-4 cm) la dothi likumauma. Madzi oyenda poto samaloledwa. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi kuthirira ndi mphuno yopapatiza m'mphepete mwa mphika wa maluwa kuti madontho amadzi limodzi ndi zidutswa za dothi asagwere masamba a mbewu.

Zakudya Zamchere

Kupereka misa yayikulu pamwambapa ndi chakudya chokwanira, ma calatheas amayenera kudyetsedwa mwadongosolo. Nthawi yakula, amadyetsedwa katatu pamwezi ndi feteleza zamaluwa popanda nayitrogeni ndi calcium. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika musanakhale ndi maluwa.

Kubweza ndi kubereka

Zomera zazing'ono za calathea zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse mu February-Marichi. Mizu imathira ndikuzisunthira mobvutika, kotero zimangosintha calathea ku chidebe chatsopano, osasokoneza mtanda wa lapansi pamizu ya chomera. Pakadutsa ntchito miphika yopanda malire, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi mizu ya mbewu. Mukabzala, rhizome imayikidwa mwachindunji pakati pa mphika ndikuyika gawo latsopanolo ndikuwonjezerapo. Nthaka yomwe ili mumphika imangoyala pang'ono pobzala. Kubzala kotero ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ipumire. Kupanda kutero, munthaka yaying'ono, mizu ya calathea ikukula ndipo mbewuyo imafa. Zomera zazikulu zimasinthidwa kukhala chidebe chatsopano nthawi zambiri, nthawi 1 m'masiku 2-4. Nthawi yoyandikana nayo imatsimikizika ndikuwoneka kwa mizu kuchokera kudzenje lakutsamira la poto. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa ngalande zamatumba, miyala yayikulu pansi pake.

Imodzi ndi kuphatikizika mu mbewu zachikulire, njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mizu 2-3 ndi timapepala tating'ono todzipatula. Zovala zazing'ono zibzalidwe mumtsuko wokonzedwa ndikupanga malo obiriwira pobisa chatsopano kubzala ndi chidebe chagalasi kapena thumba la pulasitiki kuti muzikhala chinyezi chachikulu komanso kutentha nthawi zonse. Mu wowonjezera kutentha woyeserera, kutentha kumatalika kwa +23 - + 24ºС. Njira yachiwiri yogwiritsa ntchito popanga michere ndikugawa kwa nthitiyo m'magawo awiri. Magawo owazidwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Masitepe otsalawo ndiofanana ndi kumuika.

Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Masamba osakhwima a calathea ndi njira yopukutira udzu ndi kuyamwa tizirombo tomwe timayesa kukhazikika pamasamba ang'onoang'ono. Ngati kupindika, nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tambiri, ma aphid, ndi zovala zamphepsa zimapezeka m'zinthu zina m'chipindacho, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo kuti muteteze Calathea kwa alendo osapempha. M'malo otetezedwa (nyumba, ofesi, malo osamalira ana ndi zina), oyang'anira tizilombo sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

• Njira yothetsera sopo yanthawi zonse (popanda kuwonjezera mowa) ingathandize kuthana ndi adani. Yankho limakonzedwa kuchokera ku osakaniza 20 g amadzimadzi kapena sopo wobiriwira ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. Osakaniza amasunthidwa bwino mpaka thovu ndi mbewuyo imathandizidwa. Nthaka imakutidwa ndi kanema kuchokera ku sopo yankho.
• Mutha kupaka mungu ndi sulufule.
• Mankhwala ndi yankho logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe, malingana ndi malingaliro omwe ali pompopompo: phytoverm, bitoxybacillin, Spark Bio, ndi zina zotero. Mankhwalawa alibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu, osayambitsa zovuta zilizonse.
• Ochita maluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito infusions ndi decoctions wa anyezi mankhusu, adyo, masamba a mtedza ndi zitsamba zina zachilengedwe, mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pogwiritsa ntchito decoctions a mbewu, samalani. M'chipindacho, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito infusions wazakudya zopweteka (tsabola wowawa, Dalmatia chamomile, celandine, ndi zina), amalephera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba.

Calathea Warszewicz (Calathea warcewiczii).

Kuphika kulowetsedwa. Chekani bwino 200-300 g wa mankhusu, cloves wa adyo kapena masamba a mtedza, kuwonjezera 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ndikusiya sabata limodzi. Likukhalira mayi zakumwa. Kuchokera mmenemo timakonzekeretsa wogwira gawo limodzi la gawo limodzi la zakumwa zakumwa za mayi m'magawo 50 amadzi. Ndi yankho kudzera mu mfuti waung'ono wothirira, vulira mbewuzo.

Tisaiwale kuti maCalatheas amasamalidwa moyenera samadwala, koma ndiwosapindulitsa ndipo makamaka salekerera kupatuka panjira yothirira komanso chinyezi, poyankha kuphwanya kwa mizu (zowola) ndi chikasu ndi masamba okugwa (kutaya kukongoletsa).

Timakula calatheas m'nyumba

Poganizira zovuta za arrowroot, titha kuvomereza mitundu ingapo ya oimira maluwa okongoletsa ndi masamba okongoletsa amitundu ya Calathea pakukula m'nyumba. Mosavuta kuposa ena kuti azolowere kukhala mchipinda cha calathea Bachem, chokongoletsedwa, Makoy, milozo, Vejcha. Kuleza mtima, chipindacho chidzaphukira Kalathea safironi ndi Kalatea Varshevich, zowala zowoneka bwino zazithunzi zosiyanasiyana zoyera, zapinki, lalanje, zotuwa.

Kalaza Makoya

Malo okhala mvula ku Brazil ndi malo achilengedwe a Calathea Makoya. Sakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa motero adzakhala bwino kukula ndikukula m'malo obisalirapo, momwe mumakhala chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri.

Kalaza Makoya.

Ndi magetsi okumba, mtunduwu suthamangira kutaya kutalika kwa masamba. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kodabwitsa kwa masamba akuluakulu (mpaka 20x10 cm) pamtunda wautali wazitali mpaka 14 cm. Pa tsamba loyambira la mtundu wobiriwira wopepuka wokhala ndi m'maso obiriwira, burashi yopyapyala ya zaluso lachilengedwe, lachiwiri lobiriwira lakuda, lopanda utoto la "utoto" pamwamba. Mbali yokhotakhota ibwereza pateniyo, koma mitundu ya burgundy. Mtundu wowala bwino wa mbeuyo umawonekera kwambiri madzulo, pomwe masamba amatuluka ndikuzungulira, ndikuwunikira mawonekedwe amtundu wokhala kunsi kwa tsamba.

Kalaza Varshevich

Mtundu waukulu womwe umakhala kuthengo ndipo umakhala ndi masamba obiriwira kuyambira 0,3 mpaka 1.0 m. Masamba a masamba ndi owongoka, osunthika pang'ono. Pamwamba pa pepalalo pali velvety wobiriwira wakuda ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira a herringbone. Pansi pambali ya masamba amtambo wakuda bii.

Calathea Warszewicz (Calathea warcewiczii).

Kuphatikiza pa masamba, ma inflorescence a Kalatei Varshevich ali mu mawonekedwe a spikelets pazovala zazifupi zazifupi. Spikelet yaying'ono yokhala ndi maluwa amtunduwu amakhala ndi mabulangete (oyera, oyera kirimu) ozungulira kirimu kapena maluwa apinki. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa masika, amatha mpaka milungu itatu.

Saffron calathea (crocata)

Kukongola kochokera m'mphepete mwa Amazon kumakopa diso ndi kukongoletsa kwapadera kwa maluwa "abodza", omwe adasonkhanitsidwa m'mafupipafupi a corymbose inflorescence pamiyendo yayitali.

Kalatea safironi.

Maluwa enieni ndi ang'ono komanso osawoneka bwino, ofiira kapena ofiira obiriwira obisika m'mabatani akulu a lalanje owoneka bwino kapena amitundu ya safironi, otengedwa ngati duwa. Poyerekeza ndi masentimita 20-30 a masamba velvety amtundu wobiriwira wakuda, inflorescence yowala ya Guinea imapatsa mbewuyo chithumwa chapadera. Komabe, kuti maluwa ayambike, safironi Kalatea amafunika kuwala kwa nthawi masana (maola 8-10 patsiku), maluwa amatuluka kumayambiriro kwamasika kapena nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu.