Kunjaku kumakumbukirabe zamkati, wachibale wawo wapamtima Eugene sangadzitamande motchuka chomwecho. Masamba pang'ono, kupepuka poyumba - kunyada kwakukulu kwa mbewuyi, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bonsai kapena topiary yam'nyumba. Koma, mwachikondi, pafupi maluwa abusa amakopa kwambiri mu chipinda eugenias. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu iyi siili yovuta kwambiri kubzala mbewu ndi eni zaka zana.
Surinamese chitumbuwa, kapena Pitanga, kapena Eugene amodzi-maluwa (Eugenia uniflora).
Wokongola eugenia wamaluwa okhathamira ndi abale ake
Pakadali pano, mchombo wamkati ukadali m'modzi mwa mitengo yotchuka yamkati, ndipo wachibale wawo akuyamba kukopa chidwi chake. Mtengowo, womwe umapezeka mwachilengedwe kumadera akutali a Australia ndi South America, ndi mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu iyi ndi yaying'ono, ngati tingaganizire kuti kwa mbewu zaku Australia (i.e. mbewu zogawa zakomweko), kutalika kwakukulu kwa 6 m sikokwanira. Eugene ikukula mwachangu ndipo ikufunika kuwongoleredwa.
Dzinali Eugenia kapena Eugenia sadziwika kwenikweni ngati dzina lokongola. surinamese kapena Chitumbuwa cha ku Brazil, yomwe mmera udalandira mtundu wofiira wa zipatso zake. Dzinalo la ku Brazil ndilodziwikanso - pitanga.
Pogulitsa, mbewuyo simapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo mitengo ya eugenia siyotsika, koma mawonekedwe a mbewuyo amalipira zonse zomwe zingabwezeretsedwe. Eugenia amabwera mu mawonekedwe a bonsai, komanso ngati zitsamba wamba kapena mitengo. M'mabuku ndi pa maalumali mungapeze mitundu iwiri ya eugenia - eugenia mchira (Eugenia myrtifolia) ndi eugenia wokhala ndi maluwa amodzi (Eugenia uniflora), koma magawidwe a eugene ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya banja la Mirtov adawunikiridwa kale ndikuphatikiza mbewu zofanana mu mtundu umodzi. Chifukwa chake dzina loyambalo limangofanizira ndi "official" eugenia wamtundu womwewo. Mtundu umodzi wa mbewu, lero wophatikizidwa ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, kale udayesedwa ngati syzygium. Zomera ndizofanana pang'ono, komabe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe ake apamwamba.
Eugene wamaluwa amodzi (Eugenia uniflora) kapenaSuriname Cherry, kapena Pitanga - Mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse yabwino, yopanda nthambi zabwino komanso zopunthwa. Zitsamba zamkati ndi mitengo zimapereka nyenyezi zambiri zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Mutha kupezanso mbewu zamaluwa pakati pawo, koma mbewu zochepa ndizambiri monga eugenia. Mu chikhalidwe chamkati muno, mitundu yonse ya maluwa obiriwira komanso maluwa ndiyabwino, ndipo eugenia imadzinenera kuti ndi imodzi mwamphona zazikulu kwambiri zapakhomo.
Khungwa pa mphukira zazing'ono za eugenia limadabwitsa ndi utoto wofiira, womwe, pomwe umapsa, umasintha kuti ukhale wodekha komanso wowala. Mizu nthawi zambiri imachuluka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera m'nthaka ndi zaka. Masamba a eugenia ndiobiriwira wakuda, o-lanceolate okhala ndi malangizo atali, ochepa kwambiri, atakhala panthambi moyang'anizana. Kutalika kwa masamba a chitumbuwa cha Surinamese (mpaka 4-5 masentimita) m'chipinda cha bonsai kuli pafupi kutha. Mtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndi kuwala, kuzimiririka kumawoneka bwino. Eugenia imadabwitsa ndi kamvekedwe ka bronze masamba achichepere omwe amakonzanso pang'onopang'ono.
Maluwa a Eugenia si akulu kwambiri, mpaka awiri okha masentimita awiri, koma okongola kwambiri. Amaphukira ndi masamba a masamba pazokhazikapo zazitali kwambiri nthawi imodzi. Kufalikira kwa eugenia kumachitika kumtunda kwa mphukira. Ma corolla okhala ndi zinayi komanso ma stamens amtali ndi zoyera zoyera zonyezimira komanso ma anthers achikasu owala amawoneka odekha. Utoto wonyezimira, mawonekedwe osalala amatsindika mawonekedwe a silika a pamakhala komanso kukongola kwa stamens pakati. Eugenia amabala zipatso zabwino, ndipo zipatso zake zofiira sizongowoneka bwino komanso zokongola, komanso zowoneka bwino. Zipatso zokhala ndi utoto wa Surinamese chitumbuwa pang'onopang'ono zimasintha mtundu kuchokera ku lalanje kukhala lofiira. Zipatso eugene kale chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Kukoma kwa ma coniferous kwa zipatso kumawoneka kwachilendo kwambiri.
Magawo onse a eugenia ndi onunkhira. Pulogalamu yosangalatsa yotsekemera yokhala ndi zokometsera zambiri imakhalabe itapukutira masamba m'manja.
Kupezeka kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe a bonsai ndi mitundu ina yamkati, koma mitundu yotchuka ya eugenia - eugenia brazi (Eugenia brasiliensis), Grumichama ndi Mtsogoleri wa Eugenia (Eugenia victoriana) Kunja, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwasiyanitsa ndi ma cherries achizungu a Surinamese, kusiyana kumangokhala pakukula pang'onopang'ono kwa eugenia waku Brazil ndi zipatso za lalanje za Victorian eugenia.
Zipatso za Pitanga, kapena Surinamese CherrySuriname Cherries Home Home
Amakhulupirira kuti eugenia osati mu mawonekedwe a bonsai muchipinda chikhalidwe akhoza kukhala wamkulu pokhapokha, chifukwa ndiye kuti kukula kwa mbewuyo kumapitilira kukula kwake kovomerezeka. Koma zabodza ngati izi sizabodza. Kukula kwa mtengowo zimatengera momwe zimasamalidwira komanso ngati amakumbukira momwe zimapangidwira. Nthawi zambiri, ma cherries a Surinamese amagawidwa mu mawonekedwe a bonsai kapena mkati mwasamba, ndikupatsanso mawonekedwe okongola komanso osasunthika. Eugene akhoza kupangidwa molingana ndi kalembedwe kofunikira mkati. Izi sizopindulitsa, komabe zimafunikira kuwongolera mikhalidwe ya mbewu.
Kuyatsa kwa eugenia
Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta mukulima eugenia ndi chikondi cha kuyatsa kowala. Dzuwa masana mwachindunji limasokoneza masamba, koma Evgenia samawopa m'mawa ndi dzuwa lamadzulo. Ngakhale kugwedeza kocheperako kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kukula, chifukwa chake ngati sizingatheke kukula chomera pazowoneka bwino zenera, ngakhale nthawi yotentha ndibwino kukonzanso masana. M'nyengo yozizira, mphamvu zowunikira zimayenera kukhalabe chimodzimodzi, kotero eugenia imakonzedwanso kumalo owala, kapena kuwunikidwanso.
Kwa ma cherries a Surinamese, ma sout kumwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mawa ndi abwino kwambiri.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, Eugene amatha kukhala wokhutira ndi kutentha kwapadera kwa zipinda zochezera. Chomera sichimakonda kutentha, koma ndi chinyezi kwambiri chimagwirizana ndi zotere. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwa chomera sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 18 digiri.
Dongosolo la nthawi yozizira la eugenia limafuna nyengo yozizira. Kwa mbewu, kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsitsidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 12-15. Mukakhazikika, zimakhala bwino. Makhalidwe oyenera a eugenia ndi madigiri 8 Celsius.
Monga oimira onse a Mirtov, eugenia siwofatsa kwambiri pakusintha kwa kutentha, kukonzekera, kupsinjika. Kwa ma cherries a Surinamese, makamaka okhawo mwanjira ya bonsai, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti malo omwe akukula akhazikika kwambiri. Chomera chimayankha bwino mpweya wabwino, koma ndikofunikira kuwonetsa eugenia m'malo otetezeka, otentha. M'nyengo yotentha, imatha kutengedwera kunja kwa thambo, posankha masamba omwe ali ndi shading.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Eugene sakonda kuchita monyanyira, motero ndibwino kuthiririra pang'ono, ndikumayang'ana nthawi zonse momwe dothi likuuma pakati pa njirazi. Osachulukitsa, koma kuthilira pafupipafupi, kulola gawo lapansi kuti liume kumtunda, ndilabwino. Madzi mu poto sayenera kuyenda. Ngati eugenia yakula ngati bonsai, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuyang'ana chinyezi m'nthaka tsiku lililonse kapena kukhazikitsa zofunikira zapadera zanyontho kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza. Dothi likasuma, chomera chimataya masamba.
Ulamuliro wothirira nthawi yozizira kwa eugenia umasinthidwa ndikakhala ozizira. Dothi limaloledwa kuti liume pafupifupi.
Mwa ma cherries a Surinamese, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothiririra yonse ndi kumiza m'madzi kuti mulowetse dothi. Njira yachiwiri ndiyotchuka makamaka pakakula eugeny mu mawonekedwe a bonsai.
Eugenia ndi chikhalidwe chokhacho chimakonda maluwa chokhacho chimakonda chinyezi. Kugwira bwino ntchito ndi pafupifupi 40-50%. Sikoyenera kukhazikitsa ma humidifera a Suriname Cher, ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kwambiri kapena chomera chili pafupi ndi zotenthetsera ndi zida zamagetsi, ndiye kuti kupopera pafupipafupi kumangoyambitsidwa mu pulogalamu yosamalira.
Kwa eugenia, amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda pang'ono kuposa mpweya wam'chipinda, madzi osalala kapena madzi owiritsa. Kuthirira ngakhale madzi olimba pang'ono ndi owopsa.
Kuyeretsa masamba kuchokera kufumbi ndi dothi - zofanana ndi zitsamba zonse zamkati - kwa ma cherries a Surinamese kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyeretsa pachaka kwa thunthu ndi makungwa.
Surinamese chitumbuwa, kapena Pitanga, kapena Eugene amodzi-maluwa (Eugenia uniflora).
Suriname Cherry Nutrition
Mosasamala mtundu wa kulima, eugenia imafunikira kudya pafupipafupi kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Ogasiti. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi 1 m'masabata awiri. Mlingo wopangidwira wopanga wamatcheri a Surinamese uyenera kuyimitsidwa. Bonsai amadyetsedwa ngakhale nthawi yozizira, amachepetsa pafupipafupi kudyetsa mpaka nthawi 1 pamwezi.
Kwa eugenia, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse feteleza padziko lonse, koma osakaniza mwapadera pazomera zokongoletsera komanso zowola. Wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a bonsai kapena pre-bonsai, Eugenia amangodyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wa bonsai.
Kudulira eugenia
Popanda kupangidwa pafupipafupi, kukula kwa kompositi ndi korona wandiweyani wamatchutchi a Surinamese ndizovuta kwambiri kuzisamalira. Pomera pa nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito, mutha kudina nsonga za mitengo yaying'ono. Kumayambiriro kasupe, mutha kudula momwe mungafunire, kukhalabe ndi malo okongola kapena kuletsa kukula. Eugene amalolera mofananamo tsitsi lonse lopepuka komanso lolimba.
Mapangidwe a kapangidwe ka kakulidwe ka eugenia mu bonsai ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito waya wamba, koma kuti ateteze khungwa losakhwima, ndibwino kuyikulunga ndi nsalu yofewa yachilengedwe. Kusinthasintha kwa mphukira kumapangitsa kuti kuzitsogolera kumvekere, koma sungathe kusiya waya kwa miyezi yopitilira 3 pachaka pa eugeny.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Eugenia ndi yodzikirana ndi pafupipafupi nthawi 1 m'mazaka 2 kapena kuchepera, kutengera momwe mizu imathandizira gawo lapansi m'miphika. Pazaka zoyambirira za kukula kwa eugenia pokhapokha pakufunikira kwachaka kungafunike. Chomera chimalekerera zodzidzimutsa bwino, chimachitika pang'onopang'ono chizindikiro chonyowa komanso kuthilira kwamadzi, kuthira mchere pansi kapena kufalikira kwa zowola. Mutha kuthilira yamatcheri a Surinamese nthawi iliyonse, koma kuphukira ndi nthawi yophukira ndikofunikira.
Chitumbuwa cha Surinamese chimakonda dothi louma lokhala ndi 5.5 mpaka 6.6 pH. Gawo lonse lapansi ndiloyenera kumera. Ngakhale mu mawonekedwe a bonsai, eugenia imatha kudulidwa mu zosakaniza zina zamtundu wamba. Gawo laling'ono la eugenia likhoza kukonzedwa ndikusakaniza mchenga wofanana, tsamba lamasamba ndi humus ndi magawo awiri a malo owetera. Kuphatikiza kwa zigawo za kumasula (perlite, coconut fiber, etc.) kwa eugenia ndikofunikira.
Eugene akhoza kubzala pa hydroponics, mu coconut kapena magawo ena okumba.
Kupatsirana kwa Eugenia kumachitika mosamala kwambiri. Mwa bonsai, mutha kudula mizu, koma ndibwino kuti muchepetse chizungulire pokhapokha, chifukwa mtengowo suwonongeka bwino mukangodulira. Poika mbewu, ndikofunika kupewa kuyanjana ndi mizu mosafunikira. Khosi lochokera ku Surinamese chitumbuwa silingayikidwe m'nthaka. Pambuyo pakuwonjezera, kuthirira mosamala kumachitika ndipo eugenia imasungidwa pamthunzi pang'ono kwa sabata limodzi.
Kusintha kwa eugenia brazili, kapena grumichama (Eugenia brasiliensis) 
Kusintha kwa eugenia brazili, kapena grumichama (Eugenia brasiliensis)Matenda ndi tizirombo
Eugene ndi pulani yokhazikika yanyumba. Amawopsezedwa kwambiri ndi zowola komanso mavuto chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa zinthu zosayenera kapena kuphonya kosamalidwa kuposa tizirombo kapena matenda oyamba ndi fungus, koma mutasiyidwa pa chitumbuwa cha Surinamese mutha kuwona zisonyezo zowonongeka ndi mikwingwirima, ma kangaude, ma whiteflies kapena ma aphid. Ngati pali zovuta za mavutowa, muyenera kuwunika momwe mndende mulili, kuwongolera chisamaliro chamankhwala kapena chodzidzimutsa mwadzidzidzi, kutembenuka ndi kupopera mankhwala ndi yankho la mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mukatengedwera kumtunda kukafuna mpweya wabwino, mbewuyo imatha kudwala kwambiri ndi mbozi, zomwe zimakopeka ndi masamba onunkhira a eugenia.
Mavuto omwe amakula mumatcheri a Surinamese:
- mawonekedwe a mawanga pamasamba ndikuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka;
- masamba akuponya;
- kuponya masamba kutentha.
Kubalana kwa Eugenia
Chomerachi chimatengedwa kuti ndi mtengo wokwera mtengo chifukwa cha zovuta zobala komanso kupanga mbewu. Kuti mupeze ana kuchokera ku eugenia, kudula kokhazikika ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 10 cm. Mizu yodzidulira imachitika bwino mukamaliza ndi chopatsa mphamvu mu chisakanizo cha gawo lapansi ndi perlite kapena vermiculite, kusunga malo osakhazikika. Pambuyo podziyikira ma cherries a Surinamese, amasungidwa m'malo obisalamo miyezi iwiri, kenako amazolowera pang'onopang'ono ndipo atabzala kwathunthu.
Nthawi zina eugenia yowonjezeredwa imayalidwa ndi kuyala kwa mlengalenga, komwe kumayambira chimodzimodzi monga mphesa zamkati.
Mbewu za Eugene ndizosowa kwambiri kugulitsa. Kulima kwawo kumafuna kuwongolera kutentha ndi malo apadera, amataya msanga msanga. Kufesa kumachitika ndikuzama kuya kwa 0,5-1 masentimita, mu gawo lapansi. Kumera kwa mbeu za chitumbuwa cha Surinamese kumangotenga mwezi umodzi, koma muyenera kuwongolera kutentha pa malo okhwima kwa madigiri 8-10 ndikuyang'anira chinyontho chadothi. Mbande ndizosavuta kutaya, kotero masamba awiri enieni asanasungidwe amasungidwa m'malo obiriwira. Zomera zimakula mwachangu, koma osati mwanjira yomweyo: zina zimamera patatha zaka 2-3, zina zitangotha zaka 6-7.
