Kubzala rasipiberi mu kasupe: Malangizo kwa oyamba kumene

Zipatso zonunkhira zimamera m'minda yambiri. Amakondedwa ndi ambiri, othandiza komanso osadzikuza. Koma, monga chomera china chilichonse, chimafuna chisamaliro choyenera. Kubzala rasipiberi m'chaka cha oyambira kumene kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri za kukula kwa zipatso za mabulosi. Koma kusiyana kumeneku ndikosavuta kudzaza.

Mukayamba kubzala rasipiberi - kasupe, nthawi yophukira, chilimwe?

Rabulosi angabzalidwe nthawi yonse yotentha. Koma machitidwe adawonetsa kuti nthawi yabwino pamachitidwe awa ndi masika. Pali zifukwa zingapo.

Podzala raspberries, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu ndi kutentha kwabwino

1. Ndi isanayambike kutentha mbewu zimayamba kuyamwa kutuluka. Imalimbitsa chitetezo chathu cha mthupi ndipo imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kulekerera zochitika zowawa monga kudulira, kubzala, katemera.
2. Chapakatikati, nyengo ndizabwino kwambiri: palibe kutentha kwa chilimwe komanso nyengo yamvula yophukira.
3. Tizilombo tambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitigwira.

Nthawi yabwino imawonekeranso ngati kuyambira kwa chilimwe (khumi oyambira khumi kapena Juni) ndi theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti. Munthawi izi za chaka, mbewu zazing'ono sizikuwopsezedwa ndi kuwuma kutentha ndi chinyezi chowonjezera. Nthawi ina yoyenera ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira. Pofika nthawi ino, rasipiberi akuchotsedwa kale ndipo sangavutike kwambiri kusankha kubzala.

Njira zopangira

Pali njira zingapo zobzala rasipiberi. Pali dongosolo lonse lomwe linapangidwa ndi wolima munda wa Kurgan A.G. Sobolev. Njira iyi yatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka zambiri zochita, zothandiza komanso zothandiza. Imafotokoza magawo onse: kuyambira kukonzekera dothi mpaka kukolola koyamba.

Mlimi aliyense akhoza kusankha yekha njira zokulira mbande

Zosankha Zotsatsa:

• ndi mbewu;
• mbande;
• odulidwa obiriwira;
• magawo;
• zodulidwa zodula.

Njira yoti musankhe, zabwino ndi zovuta zawo

Zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zimathandizira kusankha kubzala kwa rasipiberi. Zitha kukhala zosavuta kuti wolima dimba azipeza chomera chatsopano mothandizidwa ndi zodula, popeza amadziwa bwino kufalitsa zipatso ndi mitengo. Koma nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi cha njira iliyonse.

Mbande

Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mbande. Iyi ndi njira yofananira aliyense wokhala pachilimwe: kubzala mtengo kapena shrub. Pali zabwino ziwiri:

• kusowa kwa kukula kwa mbande ndi kukonza kwa zodula;
• osamangira nyumba yobzala (nazale) amafunikira.

Zoyipa zogwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Mbewu

Kubelekedwa ndi mbewu kumalumikizidwa ndi zosamalira zingapo, koma njirayi ili ndi phindu lake.

Ubwino:

• mwayi wopeza rasipiberi wosiyanasiyana.

Zoyipa:

• zidzatenga nthawi kukonzekera ndi kumera mbewu;
• muyenera kuchita kutola mbande.

Kudula

Ndikosavuta kumera ma raspberries ndi odulidwa. Chidziwitso chimafunikira momwe mungakonzekere ndi kusamalira zofunikira. Ngati muli ndi malangizo pang'onopang'ono, mutha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi.

Ubwino:

• kuchulukitsa kwa njira zopezera zodulira.

Zoyipa:

• mankhwalawa a mbewu amafunikira ndi zolimbikitsa kukula;
• mbande tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe munyengo yobzala, ndipo itatha kulimba - panthaka.

Chofunikira ndichakuti kupezeka kwa zida zofunika kumaliza ntchitoyo. Kukolola zodulidwa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito secateurs. Zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse ngakhale mabala komanso kuvulaza zochepa mmalo kuposa mpeni wakuthwa.

Kodi dothi liyenera kukhala mu raspberries

Kuti zitsamba zimere bwino ndikubereka zipatso zambiri, zimafunikira malo oyenera a dimba ili. Mikhalidwe yabwino pakukula kwa rasipiberi baka imapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza dothi. Muyenera kukonza motere:

• Mu nthawi yophukira kapena yophukira, manyowa amawonjezedwa m'nthaka pamtunda wa 7 kg / m². Nthawi yomweyo, manyowa padziko lapansi ndi kompositi - 10 kg / m².
• Mukugwa mupange ndowe zakumapeto - 8 kg / m².

Malamulo okonzekera dothi mu raspberries:

• Sikulimbikitsidwa kuyamwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni mutakolola;
• ndizosatheka kugwira ntchito pakuwonjezera nthaka panthaka yadzuwa, chifukwa izi zitha kubweretsa kuwotcha kwa mizu ya mbewu;
• Zitsamba siziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza omwe amakhala ndi chlorine, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti chlorosis ipangidwe.

Zomwe feteleza amafunikira kwa raspberries

Kusamalira bwino rasipiberi kumafunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe a masamba a mbewuyi. Pankhani imeneyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira dongosolo lazodyetsa lotsatirali:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokulira, rasipiberi ambiri amafuna phosphorous ndi calcium.
2. Mu gawo la kukula kwanthunzi - nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, magnesium, chitsulo.
3. Munthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso ndi kukula - calcium ndi potaziyamu.

The acidity mulingo woyenera dothi ndi 5.5-6.5 pH.

Malamulo okonza raspberries pamalo otseguka

Kukhazikitsidwa bwino rasipiberi chitsamba chikole cha bwino ntchito yokolola

Kukula, kukula ndi zipatso za mbewu zimadalira momwe malo ake amasankhidwira bwino. Malo oyenera a rasipiberi:

• kuyatsa dzuwa;
• dothi lomwe nyemba, alkaloid lupine, katsabola, parsley, anyezi anakula kale;
• kusowa pafupi ndi madzi apansi panthaka.

Tcherani khutu! Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange rasipiberi watsopano m'malo mwa akale.

Tikufika masiku kutengera malingana ndi njira, dera komanso kalendala yoyendera mwezi

Madeti obzala rasipiberi nthawi ya masika mu nyengo iliyonse nyengo ndi yosiyana. Pafupifupi, amasamuka masabata 2-3 kuchokera kumpoto kupita kum'mwera. Pofuna kuti asaphonye mphindi ino, wolimi ayenera kuyang'ana zotsatirazi:

• kutentha kwabasi kotentha kuyenera kukhala 18-26 ° С;
• mulingo wonyowa ndi wochepera 40% (sipayenera kukhala mvula kwa masiku angapo musanabzike rasipiberi);
• masana maola osachepera 12 maola.

Kudzala kwa rasipiberi pamwambapa kumaperekedwa kwa njira zonse zothandizira kufalitsa chitsamba ichi.

Kwa wamaluwa omwe amatsogozedwa ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala - kuyambira mwezi watsopano mpaka mwezi wathunthu.

Yang'anani! Mu 2018, nthawi yoyenera kubzala rasipiberi mpaka Meyi 5. Sikuti madera onse azikhala otentha nthawi iyi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira magawo ndi malo pa mwezi womwe ukukula.

Malangizo pofalitsa ndi kubzala mbande rasipiberi

Pali njira zingapo zokulira mbande rasipiberi.

Tekinoloji ya kubereka mbewu

Wosamalira mundawo nthawi zonse sangathe kugula mbande za zinthu zofunika kumsika kapena ku nazale. Pankhaniyi, pali njira imodzi yokha: gulani mbewu ndikukula mbande kwa iwo. Ili si bizinesi yovutitsa, koma imafuna kutsatira zonse zofunika. Kupambana kwa mwambowu kumadalira mtundu wa mbewu.

Kuchokera pambewu zabwino mumatha zipatso zingapo zosowa

Pali njira ziwiri zopangira mbewu:

• kugula m'masitolo apadera;
• kugula wamba.

Kutolere nthanga zamitundu yamitundu yosankha ndi motere:

• ikani mabulosi pa nsalu yoyera ,iphwanya ndi kufalitsa;
• mbewu zazikulu, osati zathyathyathya zimasankhidwa;
• adatsuka;
• Zouma ndikuziisunga mpaka zibzalidwe pamalo abwino, nthawi zina zimanyowa.

Njira yokukula rasipiberi mbande za mbewu imakhala ndi magawo angapo. Kuti mbande zikhale zokonzeka kubzala mu nthawi ya masika, mbewu zimayamba kumera kuyambira zaka khumi zapitazi za mwezi wa February.

1. Konzani dothi kuchokera ku malo osakanikirana ofanana ndi mchenga, nthaka yachonde ndi peat.
2. Mbewu za tsiku zimayikidwa mu nsalu yonyowa.
3. Mbeu iliyonse imamiriridwa m'nthaka ndi 0,5 cm.
4. Madzi nthawi yomweyo mutabzala, kenako masiku onse atatu.
5. Ndi pafupipafupi nthawi 1 m'masiku 10-12, amamwetsedwa ndi yankho laofooka la urea.
6. Zikamera zikamera, chidebe chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa.
7. Mphukira iliyonse ikaphukira masamba awiri, kutsimbidwa kumachitika; mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mosiyanasiyana.
8. Zikamera zikakhala zazitali masentimita 10-12, zimabzalidwe mu raspberries.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Kufalikira kwa rasipiberi ndi zodula si njira yabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Koma zimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Choyambirira chomwe wokolola m'munda ayenera kuchita ndi kuphunzira kukolola. Ntchito zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi komanso koyambirira kwa Juni.

Pali njira zingapo zofalitsira raspberries ndi zodula.

Pali njira zitatu zomwe mungakwaniritsire ntchitoyi.

Njira nambala 1

1. Sankhani mphukira yathanzi komanso yamphamvu ya chaka chino ndikudula pamwamba pake ndi 15-20 cm.
2. Masamba onse amachotsedwa pamwambo, kusiya awiri apamwamba okha.
3. Dulani mbali yakumapeto ya chogwirizira (nsonga ya kukula kwake) ndi mpeni wakuthwa kapena secateurs.
4. Kumapeto kwake, pangani kudula kwa 2-3 motsatira mzere wa thunthu. Iliyonse ya maphunzirowa izikhala yotalika masentimita 5. Njira iyi imathandizira kuoneka ngati mizu.
5. Malo omwe amapangidwako amathandizidwa ndi chopukutira chilichonse chokula kapena kupitilira motere: 200 g ya heteroauxin imasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndipo zodulidwa zimayikidwa mu njira iyi kwa maola 16-18. Komanso, malekezero a nthambi ochepa okha amamizidwa ndimadzi.
6. Anabzala mu chapadera hotbed-nazale.
7. Madzi ndi yankho lomwe adanyowa.

Uphungu! Musanayike zodulidwazo mchidebe ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera, zimangirizidwa mtolo ndi lamba kapena zotsekera.

Nthambi za chitsamba rasipiberi zimayamba kuwombera

Njira nambala 2

1. 1. Sankhani mphukira ya chaka chino ndikudula, ndikuchoka kumizu 15-20 cm.
2. Nthambiyo imagawika magawo 70cm mpaka 5 kuti impso zosachepera 2-3 zizikhala pa chilichonse.
3. Magawo am'munsi mwa odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi zopukusira ndikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Yang'anani! Kuti zimere mizu, sizovomerezeka kuyika zodulirazo mumtsuko ndi madzi.

Njira nambala 3

1. Kumbani chitsamba rasipiberi pamizu mpaka akuya masentimita 5-7.
2. Ndikupanga mpeni kudula mphukira yobiriwira chaka chino pamtunda wa 5 cm pansi pa nthaka. Zodulidwa zoterezi zimatchedwa "lunguti." Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuzika kwamphamvu kwambiri.
3. Mapeto akumunsi odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi phulusa.
4. Anabzala mu nthaka ndi kuthirira ndi yankho la chopukusira kukula.

Kukonzekera dothi lodzala odulira

1. Gawo laling'ono limakonzedwa kuchokera ku peat, nthaka yachonde ndi mchenga malinga ndi 1: 1:
2. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'mizere, ndikusunga mtunda wa masentimita 760 pakati pawo, ndipo mizere iyenera
   khalani patali masentimita 5-7 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
   

   Kubzala mbande m'nthaka kumachitika makamaka m'chilimwe

Kenako manyowa dothi ndi yankho la "Kornevin." Wowonjezera kutentha amasunga chinyezi cha mpweya pa 80%. Kutentha kwambiri kwa dothi + 22 ... + 25 ° С.

Tcherani khutu! Ngati palibe chidziwitso pakukula ma raspberries, kuti athe kuyendetsa ntchitoyi, kudula koyamba kubzalidwa osati wowonjezera kutentha, koma m'miphika ya peat. Ndipo pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu, amasinthidwa pansi.

Kufalitsa ndi budding kudula

Ngati pakufunika kupeza ambiri odula mizu, gwiritsani ntchito njira iyi:

1. Mukugwa, masamba akachotsedwa, mbande za mitundu yosankhidwa zimakonkhedwa ndi peat pamizu.
2. Panthawi yodzutsa, mbewu zimadulidwa ku nthambi zodula 8-10 cm. Aliyense wa iwo azikhala ndi masamba atatu.

Zochita zina ndizofanana ndi njira zam'mbuyomu: Nthambi zazing'ono zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuthilira madzi nthawi zonse. Zidzu zikazika mizu ndikukula mbande, zimasinthidwa kukhala rasipiberi.

Kufalikira kwa mbande za rasipiberi

Mbeu yathanzi yathanzi ndi yoyenera iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika zingapo:

• khalani ndi mizu yolimba;
• m'mimba mwake mwagawo yankhoma yoyambira iyenera kukhala osachepera 50 mm;
• impso ziyenera kukhala zokhwima.

Uphungu! Mutha kuyang'ana momwe mbewu imafunira motere: kudula mphukira imodzi ndikuwona mtundu womwe nkhuni pansi pake. Ngati ili yofiirira, mbewuyo imakhala yovuta. Mbeu yathanzi imakhala ndi mitengo yopepuka komanso yobiriwira.

Kubzala rasipiberi kuyenera kuyamba pofufuza kuti mbewuzo zitheke

Kubzala mapulani a mbande

Njira ziwiri zobzala rasipiberi ndizabwino kwambiri:

• nesting;
• tepi.

Koma kutsutsana mosavomerezeka ndikuthekanso. Ngati palibe chikhumbo chodzala ma rasipiberi okhala ndi zigawo, mutha kudzala tchire mumipikisano yosiyanasiyana: mbiya, zidebe, miphika yayikulu. Izi zitha kupewa kukula kwa mizu ndikupanga mphukira yosafunikira.

Matepi

Mukabzala m'mizere, mtunda pakati pa mbeu umasungidwa mkati mwa masentimita 50-80. Mizere imayikidwa mtunda wa 1-1,5 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Popewa kukula kwa namsongole, danga lolowanalo limakutidwa ndi mulch. Njira yosavuta kwambiri - kuyikapo zingwe za londa loonda.

Mukabzala tchire ndi njira ya tepi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ena

Mbande zimafunikira chithandizo ndi garter. Kuti muchite izi, kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri za mzere uliwonse khazikitsani mzati ndi kukoka pakati pawo 2-4 ming'oma ya mzere wosedza kapena waya woonda.

Malamulo okhathamiritsa:

1. Mizere ya mbande izikhala yolimba masentimita 60 ndi 40-50 cm.
2. Zomera zobzalidwa ndi mtunda wa 30-50 cm.
3. Pansi pa ngalande, 1/3 ya kutalika kwake, inali pansi.
4. Ikani mbande kumtunda woyenera kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake ndikuzimanga.
5. Dzazani dzenje ndi dothi lomwe anakumbapo kale.
6. Mopepuka pang'onopang'ono dothi.
7. Madzi.

Wachikazi

Zofunikira pa njira yodzala ndi zodzala ndizofanana, kupatula pakufunika kukumba ngalande. Njira yodzakhalira nyemba imakhudzana ndikupanga dzenje pa chomera chilichonse, chomwe chimazunguliridwa.

Mutha kubzala rasipiberi popanda kupanga mabedi

Kanema: Momwe mungabzalire ndikukula raspberries popanda zolakwika

Momwe mungabzalale kukonza raspiberi kasupe

Chizindikiro cha mitundu yokonza ndikupangidwe kwa mphukira yaying'ono zaka zoyambira chitukuko cha chitsamba. Izi zitha kuonedwa ngati "kuphatikiza" ndi "kuchotsa" pazomera izi. Chosangalatsa ndichosavuta kusamalira. Zosayenera - pang'onopang'ono mbande.

Malamulo akumalo

1. Masabata awiri 2-3 tsiku lodzala lisanakonzekere, malowo adasungidwa ndi raspulosi ndipo amamuwonjezera pa 10 kg pa 1 mita²komanso 250 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu.
2. Limba ngalande kapena maenje (50x50 cm), pangani pansi pansi. Kuzama kwa maenje kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti khosi mizu ya tchire ili pansi.
3. Zomera zimabzalidwa ndipo zopezekazo zimadzazidwa ndi dothi.
4. Mmera uliwonse umathiriridwa ndi malita 8-10 a madzi.
5. Pansi mozungulira tchire limakutidwa ndi mulch.

Kusamalira Mbewu

Chaka choyamba mutabzala mbande ndizovuta kwambiri. Nthawi yonseyi yomwe mukukula, muyenera kuwunika momwe mbewu zikuyendera komanso nthawi yoyenera kuchita mndandanda wazofunikira.

• Kupanga chitsamba kumayamba pamene mbewuzo zikufika kutalika kwa 15 cm.
• Pofika 80-100 cm, kudulira koyamba kumachitika: kumtunda kwa mphukira kudulidwa ndi 15-20 cm.
• Ndikokwanira kuthirira raspberries 1 nthawi pasabata. Koma pak maluwa, kukhazikika ndi kukula kwa zipatso nthawi zambiri - katatu pa masiku 10.
• Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti dothi lanyowetsedwa mpaka 30-30 cm.
• Mu raspberries, namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse.
  

  Ulamuliro wothirira mbande uli ndi gawo lofunikira pakapangidwe zitsamba zathanzi

Kanema: Kudzala raspberries

Atatha kudziwa zovuta zonse za kubzala rasipiberi, wolima maluwa wamabala adzatha kukula zitsamba mosiyanasiyana zipatso zosiyanasiyana pachikhalidwe chake. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, rasipiberi amatha kubweretsa zipatso zabwino chaka chilichonse.