Mukamalima, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides. Tikulankhula za mankhwala apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a fungus, mwachitsanzo, imvi zowola, ufa wa powdery, etc.
Kutengera njira yowonekera ndi bowa wa pathogenic, mitundu ingapo ya fungicides imasiyanitsidwa: kukhudzana ndi zotsatira zamachitidwe.
Lumikizanani ndi fungicides
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, malowedwe awo m'mazomera amawerengedwa. Amakwirira mbali yakunja ya chomera, pamaso pa ziwalo zoberekera ndi zomera za bowa pamtunda, zimapanikizika. Mankhwala onse amagwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa yankho pamtunda. Zotsatira zabwino zimatheka ngati zikuchitika kukonza osachepera 3-5 zina patadutsa masiku 10-12.
Chizindikiro cha fungicides yolumikizana ndimomwe chikhalidwe chake chimachitikira. Mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa, adapangidwa kuti apondereze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tating'onoting'ono kapena tinthu tating'ono ta mbewu. Chifukwa chakuti fungicides sizitha kufalikira kumadera ena a mbewu, chithandizo chotere chipangidwe chisanachitike chipatsocho sichingalepheretse kulowa mwa iwo.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachita mosiyanasiyana: chifukwa cha kukonzekera, amalowetsa ziwalo zamkati za chomera, zimafalikira kudzera mu minofu, ndikupanga kusintha kwa zochita zathupi ndi zamankhwala am'mimba zomwe zimapezeka mu ziwalo za mbewu. Popita nthawi, awo kuwola mkati mwa mbewuzomwe zimatha ndikupanga metabolites. Mofananamo, amayamba kupweteketsa mtima bizinesi yoyipa.
Amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zowola zomwe zimapangidwa mkati mwazomera zimavulaza kuposa mankhwala omwe. Pofuna kupewa zovuta, ndibwino kuti mupange kukonza m'minda ya ndiwo zamasamba ndi mafamu mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala kukonzekera mwachindunji. Kupatula apo, nthawi yoti agwiritse ntchito ndi nthawi yomwe mwezi umodzi ungakhale utatsala kukolola.
Mitundu ya fungicides ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito
M'malo ogulitsa wamaluwa, fungicides amaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mwanjira ya ufa, kuyimitsidwa, emulsionssungunuka kwambiri m'madzi.
Kutengera kapangidwe kake, mitundu yotsatira ya fungicidal yokonzekera imasiyanitsidwa:
- Zachilengedwe. Pakati pagululi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi vuto lowopsa la 1-4 kwa anthu ndi zolengedwa zamagazi ofunda ndi amodzi;
- Zamoyo Chofunikira kwambiri mwa iwo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalepheretsa bowa wa pathogenic.
Mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito. m'matawuni okhala ndi biofungicideschifukwa kuwonjezera pakukwera kwambiri, amachititsa kuwonongeka kochepa pazomera.
Chemic fungicides
Nthawi zambiri, olima mundawo amagula mankhwala atsopano kuti azitha kuthana ndi tizirombo, makamaka ngati apereka mphamvu yayikulu ndi mlingo wochepa. Komabe, kuchita izi ndikulakwa. Mutha kudalira zotsatira zabwino pokhapokha ngati mankhwala otsimikiziridwa agwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga gawo la gulu la mankhwala fungicides amene atsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwawo akagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza pakulima kwa mbewu zam'munda zosiyanasiyana, izi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:
- Bordeaux madzi;
- sulfate yamkuwa;
- Abiga nsonga, BC;
- oxychom;
- mtengo wa mkuyu;
- tiramu;
- potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate);
- phulusa la soda pogwiritsa ntchito zomatira (sopo wobiriwira).
Wachilengedwe fungicides
Posachedwa, fungicides ambiri omwe adalumikizana ndi mankhwala atuluka pamsika. Pazomwe amapanga, njira ina yosiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa momwe amapangira mankhwala. Gawo lalikulu la biofungicides ndi bacteria yogwiraomwe ntchito yake imakhumudwitsa ena mwa causative othandizira a fungal matenda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kukhudzana kwa biofungicides ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa sizivulaza kapena kuvulaza anthu, nyama zamagazi ofunda, nsomba ndi njuchi. Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe agwiritsa ntchito biofungicides kunyumba ayenera kutsatira mitundu iyi ya mankhwalawa:
dzinair P;- trichodermin;
- Alirin-B;
- albite;
- phytosporin;
- bactofite;
- agate;
- planzir;
- chotchinga ndi ena.
dzinair P;N`zotheka kuchita kukonzekera ndi mankhwala fungicides a kukhudzana kanthu okha musanafike maluwa ndipo atakolola. Ubwino wa biofungicides ndikuti amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonse yomwe akukula. Nthawi yomweyo, palinso mankhwala ogulitsa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakucha kwa mbeu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa amathandizira kupewa. Ngati mankhwalawo afika ku causative wothandizila wa matendawa, ndiye kuti amayamba kufa. Ngati mbewu zakhudzidwa kale ndi matendawa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuzipulumutsa kumalephera.
Malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito ndi fungicides yolumikizirana
Musanagwiritse ntchito fungosis, muyenera kusamalira chitetezo chanu: chifukwa chomwe mukufuna konzani zovala zotsekeka, magolovesi a mphira ndi magalasi ndi chipewa. Pambuyo pokonza, zovala zimatumizidwa kuti zikasambe, ndipo manja ndi nkhope ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi sopo.
Kuti muchite kukonza kwa mbeu mumafunika njira yokonzekereratu. Kusiyanitsa ndi zochitika zina pamene malangizo akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Pokonzekera njira yothandizira pokonza mbewu, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo omwe afotokozedwayi, kusamalira kuchuluka koyenda kwambiri poganizira gawo lomwe mbewu ikukula.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides mumikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha izi: m'mawa kapena madzulo, malinga ndi momwe zingathere Nyengo yabwino.
Kwa sapoda ndikofunikira kusankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Mtambo wa yankho kutuluka kuchokera mmenemo uyenera kuthira pazomera kuchokera pansi ndi pamwamba.
Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides yamafuta pokhudzana ndi mbewuzo zomwe mbali zake zobiriwira zam'mwamba zimapangidwa kuti zidyedwe. Pazifukwa zachitetezo, kukonza kwa mbewu zonse kuyenera kuchitika isanafike nthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso.
Osatsuka mbale zomwe yankho lake linakonzedwa m'madzi. Kutaya mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ayenera kuchitika kokha m'malo osankhidwa.
Malo omwe amayenera kusunga fungicides ndi mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wochepa. Mankhwala ayenera kuyikidwa mu kusindikizidwa kosindikizidwa.
Ngati wofufuzayo ali ndi malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa kuti agwiritse ntchito fungicides, ndiye kuti sizotheka kuti tipewe mawonekedwe a tizilombo toopsa pamalowo, komanso kuti tisadzivulaze komanso chilengedwe.
Mndandanda wazakudya
Chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa mitundu yambiri ya fungicides yoperekedwa lero, wolima ayenera kukhala ndi chifukwa choyenera chogwiritsira ntchito kunyumba. Ndikofunikira musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa kuti muzidziwa malamulo oyendetsera chitetezo mukamagwiritsa ntchito poizoni.
Oksikhom. Mankhwala okhala kuchokera ku mkuwa wa chloroxide ndi oxadixyl. Zili pagulu lamapulogalamu oyenerana ndi ma fungicides, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira prophylactic komanso kupondereza matenda a m'munda ndi mbewu zamkati. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito polimbana ndi vuto lomwe lachedwa, macrosporiosis, mawanga akuda, septoria, ndi zina.
Kukonzekera kwa yankho
Kusanthula mbewu kumachitika kokha ndi njira yatsopano yokonzedwa. Choyamba, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuchuluka kwa madzi liyenera kuthiridwa mu tanker yothira, ndiye kuti chida chosakanikacho chikuyenera kuyambitsidwa ndipo kuchuluka kofunikira kwa mankhwalawo kuyenera kutsanulidwa. Madzi otsalawo atathiridwa, yankho limasakanikirana bwino, pambuyo pake amathandizidwa ndi mbewu zopatsirana.
Chofunika ndicho kuyera kwamadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza yankho.
Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi paketi imodzi pa malita awiri amadzi. Nthawi zina, mwina pangafunike mankhwala atatu, komabe, pakati pawo ndikofunikira kupirira kupumula kwa masiku 10-14. Zomera zimatha kuthandizidwa pokhapokha ngati mwakonzekeretsa kumene. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo pokonzekera zosakaniza zovuta.
Ubwino wa mankhwala:
- amachita malinga ndi mfundo yolumikizirana;
- Zotsatira zamankhwala zimachitika kwa milungu iwiri;
- kusowa kwa poizoni, ngati chithandizo chikuchitika mogwirizana ndi Mlingo woyenera;
- kudya zachuma mukamagwiritsa ntchito kupewa.
Trichodermin. Kuphatikizidwa m'gulu la zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zakonzedwa kuthana ndi fungal ndi bacteria bacteria. Chofunikira chachikulu ndicho spores wa Trichoderma lignorum nthaka bowa ndi gawo lapansi la mbewu. Mankhwalawa amalimbana bwino ndi mitundu yoposa 60 ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda odziwika ambiri: kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi zipatso, matenda am'mimba, macrosporiosis, fusarium, ndi zina zambiri.
Ubwino wakugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndikubwezeretsa chonde m'nthaka, kupatsa mizu yazomera ndi michere yowonjezera, kukulitsa kumera.
Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito:
kukonzekera kuyimitsidwa komwe njere zidzanyowe, ndikofunikira kutenga 10 g ya mankhwalawa ndikuwonjezera mu lita imodzi yamadzi;- Ngati mankhwalawa adakonzekera kuthirira, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kumwa kumakhala kofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika kale. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika mosamalitsa pansi pa muzu, magawo amadzi azikhala apakati;
- Pakupopera, njira yothetsera imakonzedwa molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira: 10 g ya mankhwalawa iyenera kuchepetsedwa mu 5 malita a madzi;
- Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodzitetezera pakugulitsa mbewu. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kudzawerengedwa motere: mumphika umodzi wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 25 cm, ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwalawa muyezo wogwirizana ndi nsonga ya mpeni;
- Iwo amaloledwa kuwonjezera kumadzi omwe amadzidulira amadzala. Makamaka muyezo uwu ndiwothandiza kwa odulidwa omwe amakonda kuwola.
- Zolinga zodzitetezera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanabzala. Pankhaniyi, amatsatira izi:
- Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda, kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi kumakhala kolingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira: 5 g ya mankhwalawa amadziwitsidwa mu 5 malita a madzi. Kenako, mbewu yodwala imamasulidwa kuchokera ku dothi, mizu imayeretsedwa kuchokera pansi, nthambi za mizu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zakuda, zimachotsedwa, mizu yayikulu imatsukidwa ndikuyimitsidwa, pambuyo pake chomera chodzalidwa mumphika wina, womwe umadzazidwa ndi gawo latsopano.
kukonzekera kuyimitsidwa komwe njere zidzanyowe, ndikofunikira kutenga 10 g ya mankhwalawa ndikuwonjezera mu lita imodzi yamadzi;Pomaliza
Vuto loteteza mbewu ku matenda ndi lothandiza kwa aliyense wamaluwa. Kuti muthane nawo mofulumira komanso popanda zotsatira, mankhwala ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Fungicides ndi amodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri omwe onetsani kukhudzika kwambiri. Komabe, posankha iwo, muyenera kuchoka pamalowo kuti muwononge mbewuyo. Chifukwa chake, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa iwo omwe ali ndi poizoni wocheperako. Mukamasankha fungicidal kukonzekera, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pa malingaliro awo kuti agwiritse ntchito. Izi zikuthandizani kupewa zovuta zosafunikira mukatha kukonza.
