About feteleza wa potashi mwatsatanetsatane

Feteleza wa potashi, limodzi ndi feteleza ndi phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, ndizofunikira kwambiri pamitengo, popeza potaziyamu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo, amodzi mwa anamgumi atatu omwe moyo wonse wamtundu uliwonse umapuma, choncho musanyalanyaze kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi mulimonse, makamaka popeza pali feteleza wambiri yemwe ali ndi potaziyamu, ndipo mutha kusankha dothi loyenererana ndi malo anu ndi zomera zomwe zikuphuka.

Kodi feteleza wa potashi ndi chiyani?

Feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu mu kapangidwe kake amachokera ku potashi ore, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakumba poyera mwachilengedwe. Feteleza wa Potash amatha kuthira dothi lamtundu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo chernozem, dongo lanyumba, loam ya mchenga ndi miyala yamchenga.

Feteleza wa Potash, olemeretsa nthaka ndi potaziyamu, amathandizira kuti kayendedwe ka shuga atumizidwe ndizomera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira zonse zakuyenda bwino, ndipo izi zimatsogolera pakupanga zipatso zopangidwa bwino, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kofanana ndi mitundu.

Kuphatikiza apo, potaziyamu ngati chinthu chimayang'anira kukula kwa masamba ambiri, ndikadzala m'nthaka, mbewu zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chomwe chimawathandiza kukaniza tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa pazomera zobyala pa dothi lolemera potaziyamu nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa nthawi yozizira. Ndizosangalatsa kuti potaziyamu yomwe ili mu feteleza wa potashi, ikalowa mu dothi nawo, imatengedwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe pafupifupi kwathunthu. Mwa zina, feteleza wa potashi mokulira komanso potaziyamu makamaka amagwirizana bwino ndi michere ina, yomwe pamodzi imatsogolera pakupanga feteleza wovuta.

Ma feteleza a Potashi pano akupangidwa kwambiri, tiyeni tinene zambiri mwazomwe zimakonda kwambiri zomwe zikugulitsidwa.

Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake. Mitundu ya mankhwala a potaziyamu chloride ndi KCl. Dzinalo limawopsa ambiri, zingakhale bwanji - ndi feteleza wamtundu wanji, yemwe ali ndi poyizoni wa chlorine kuzinthu zonse zamoyo. Komabe, sizonse zomwe zimakhala zoipa kwambiri, kuphatikiza pa chlorine, fetelezayu amakhala ndi 62% potaziyamu ndipo ndiwotsimikizika kuphatikiza. Pofuna kuti mbewu zisawonongeke, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake ayenera kuyambitsa pasadakhale kuti chlorine isasakanizike ndi dothi.

Potaziyamu chloride ndi feteleza wabwino wa potashi wa mabulosi ambiri, koma magwiritsidwe ake koyenera agwiritsidwe ntchito pakugwa, ngati kubzala kwa masika kwa mabulosi kapena mbewu za zipatso kukonzedwa patsamba lino.

Pamaso kubzala, ndizosatheka kuyambitsa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake mu maenje obzala kapena mabowo, izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsutsana pazomera.

Potaziyamu sulfate

Feteleza uyu ali ndi dzina lachiwiri - potaziyamu sulfate. Makina amomwe amapangira potaziyamu sulfate ndi K₂SO₄. Ambiri mwa olima m'minda, wamaluwa ngakhale wamaluwa amagwirizana pa mfundo imodzi: potaziyamu sulfate ndiye feteleza wabwino kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi potaziyamu wokwanira 50%. Potaziyamu yekha mwa ambiri a feteleza omwe ali ndi chinthu ichi alibe mankhwala oopsa momwe amapangidwira, kulibe chlorine, sodium kapena magnesium. Chovala chapamwamba ichi chitha kuthiridwa bwinobwino mutabzala mu bowo kapena dzenje mu nthawi yophukira komanso masika.

Mwa zina, potaziyamu sulfate imaloledwa kusokoneza feteleza zina, ndipo izi sizingavulaze chomera chilichonse. Inde, musagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa ndipo ndikofunikira kuwerengera potengera zosowa zawo chomera, kapangidwe ka nthaka ndi nyengo.

Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yophukira, pokumbira dothi, muyenera kupanga pafupifupi 28-32 g wa potaziyamu sulfate pa lalikulu mita, panthaka, asanabzalidwe, ndikofunikira kuti achepetse feteleza mpaka 4-6 g pa lalikulu mita.

Potaziyamu sulfate itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza osati pongotseguka, komanso malo obiriwira komanso malo obiriwira. Kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu, mutha kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu zipatso ndi zipatso, kusintha kukoma kwawo, kupatsa mphamvu komanso kuwonjezera mavitamini.

Kuchokera pakuyambitsidwa kwa potaziyamu sulfate, kusakhazikika kwa mtengowo kumawonjezera komanso kukana kwawo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovuta. Zadziwika kuti pambuyo pa potaziyamu sulfate, zipatso zomwe zimatulutsidwa kuchokera kumera zomwe zimamera panthaka yachonde sizimakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi.

Mchere wam potaziyamu

Kuphatikizidwa kwa fetelezayu kuli ndi zinthu ziwiri - iyi ndi potaziyamu kloridi ndi sylvinite. Mwa njira, mchere wa potaziyamu umapezeka ndi kusakaniza kwa banal kwa zinthu ziwiri izi. Potaziyamu mu fetelezayu ndi pafupifupi 42%. Pali mtundu wina wa mchere wa potaziyamu wogulitsa - iyi ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake osakanikirana ndi cainite, ndipo mulingo wa potaziyamu mkati mwake ndi wotsika (mwa 10%).

Pankhani ya mavalidwe apamwamba, mchere wa potaziyamu umakhala woyipa kwambiri kuposa potaziyamu wa kloridi ndipo samalimbikitsidwanso kuyika mankhwala pansi, makamaka ngati ali ndi chidwi ndi chlorine.

Mchere wa potaziyamu ndiwofunikira kwambiri kuthira dothi lamchenga, dothi lamchenga, dothi la peaty, chifukwa dothi ili limakhala lothekera kuposa ena kusowa potaziyamu pakupanga kwawo.

Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mchere wa potaziyamu panthaka nthawi yophukira ndikuigwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamkulu, koma osati ngati chovala chapamwamba chambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kuchokera pa 35 mpaka 45 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu pa masikweya mita imodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita imodzi ya nthaka, kutengera kupezeka kwa potaziyamu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere mchere wa potaziyamu mu nthawi ya masika komanso makamaka m'chilimwe.

Feteleza wa Potashi.

Potaziyamu carbonate

Mayina "odziwika" ochulukirapo a fetelezayu ndi potaziyamu carbonate kapena, ngakhale kosavuta, potashi. Makina amomwe amapangira potaziyamu carbonate ndi K₂CO₃. Mu feteleza wa potashi uyu, komanso mu potaziyamu sulfate, gawo loipa ngati chlorine kulibe. Potash amatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwaziphatalala zapotolo zaposachedwa. Feteleza uyu ali ndi pafupifupi 57% potaziyamu, pali magnesium pang'ono komanso sulfure. Potaziyamu carbonate ndiye feteleza wodziwika bwino mu mbatata yomwe imakula.

Mlingo wa feteleza wa potashiyu m'nthaka umasiyana malinga ndi nyengo ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, pamabvalidwe apamwamba, mutha kuwonjezera kuchokera pa 14-16 mpaka 19-21 g pa mita imodzi, mukalemeretsa nthaka ndi potaziyamu nthawi yophukira, mutha kuwonjezera 40-60 g pa mita lalikulu pa nthaka, mukathira feteleza kumapeto, mutha kuwonjezera kwambiri mulingo , kubweretsa ku 80-95 g pa mita imodzi. Ndikumalizira yophukira, pafupifupi 20 g ya potashi imatha kudzetsedwa m'nthaka.

Potaziyamu carbonate imapezeka pothira miyala potaziyamu. Feteleza uyu ndiwowonjezerapo monga mankhwala a nepheline ndi alumina.

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa, koma potaziyamu carbonate imatha kupezeka palokha, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku phulusa kapena mbewu.

Phulusa

Ponena za phulusa, ndiye feteleza wachilengedwe kwambiri komanso wotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso wotsika mtengo kwambiri. Potaziyamu pakuphatikizidwaku si zochuluka kwambiri, osapitirira 11%, koma pali calcium, boron, chitsulo, mkuwa komanso magnesium yomwe ili ndi phosphorous. Ndikothekanso kubweretsa phulusa la nkhuni m'nthaka nthawi yonseyi yobzala, ngakhale ikhale yotentha tsopano, chilimwe kapena nthawi yophukira. Komabe, mu nthawi ya masika, chofunikira kwambiri ndicho kukhazikitsa phulusa la nkhuni m'mabowo nthawi yobzala, m'chilimwe ngati mulch mutatha kuthirira, komanso kugwa, pansi pokumba dothi.

M'chilimwe, kuphatikiza pakupanga matalala mu mawonekedwe owuma, mutha kuyipanga kukhala yosungunuka, kuphatikiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chomera, kuchititsa chakudya chodyetsa masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, phulusa lamatabwa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza wa mbewu zobiriwira. Amadziwika kuti phulusa lamatabwa, lomwe ndi feteleza weniweni wa mchere, kuphatikiza pakudya kwadothi kumatetezanso mbewu ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Fumbi la simenti

Ikuwoneka kuti ndi chinthu chosavuta, komabe, ilinso feteleza weniweni wa mchere komanso ilinso ndi potaziyamu mkati mwake. Fumbi la simenti, sizivuta kulingalira, ndiye zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka pakupanga simenti. Uwu ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri, wopanda chlorine munthawi yake, umakhala ndi potaziyamu woposa 8%.

Fumbi la simenti ndi feteleza wodabwitsa wa dothi wokhala ndi acidity yambiri, komanso koyenera kwa mbewu zomwe sizilekerera chlorine pakuphatikizidwa kwa feteleza. Kupititsa patsogolo fumbi la simenti, fetelezayu nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana ndi peat yochita kusungunuka m'magawo ofanana, ndiye kuti kilogalamu ya peat yosenda bwino imafunika pa kilogalamu ya fumbi la simenti.

Mbewu za potaziyamu

Popeza tachita feteleza wa potashi wodziwika bwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone mbewu zomwe zikufunika kuvala kwambiri potaziyamu kuposa ena.

Tiyeni tiyambire ndi tomato, nthawi zambiri kuti mupeze tomato yofunikira muyenera kuwonjezera theka la potaziyamu m'nthaka. Ziwerengero zimawoneka ngati zazikulu, koma zenizeni - izi sizambiri. Poona kuti phwetekere sizikugwirizana bwino ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe, kuchulukitsa chakudya chochuluka ndikuwonongeka kwa mbewu, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yotithandizira.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka mu phwetekere, zipatso zake zimachulukirachulukira, koma zokolola za potaziyamu sizikhala ndi mphamvu kwenikweni, ngakhale chifukwa chosowa mbewu zonse zokhazokha, wina sananene.

Pafupifupi 85-95 g wa potaziyamu pa masentimita zana a dothi liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa tomato nthawi yofesa mbewu, sabata imodzi mutathira mbande, 120-130 g ya potaziyamu iyenera kupangidwanso m'dera lomwelo, ndipo wina 250-280 ayeneranso kuwonjezeredwa mamilimita zana pambuyo pa masiku 15-20 g feteleza wa potaziyamu.

Kupitilira apo, nkhaka ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kuti nkhaka zizikula bwino ndikukula, ndikupanga mbewu, nthaka yomwe ikula ikuyenera kukhala yachonde komanso yabwino. Kuti mupeze zipatso za nkhaka imodzi, muyenera kupanga pafupifupi makilogalamu 45 a potaziyamu. Muyenera kupanga feteleza wa potashi pansi pamatango pamadutsa angapo: choyamba, musanafesere mbewu poyera, kenako masabata awiri mutamera komanso maluwa.

Asanafesere pamtunda wa malo okwana zana, ndikofunikira kuthira feteleza wa 90-95 g, kuvala koyamba koyamba kumaphatikizapo kupanga pafupifupi 150-180 g pa 100 lalikulu mita, chachiwiri - pafupifupi 300-350 g.

Mmera wotsatira, womwe ukufunika kuvala kwambiri pamtunda kuposa ena, ndiye mphesa. Pansi pa chikhalidwe ichi, dothi limafunikira kuthira feteleza chaka chilichonse, nthawi ya mphesa imachotsa potaziyamu yambiri m'nthaka. Koma ngakhale mukukula kwambiri kwa potaziyamu, mutha kukwaniritsa njala ya mphesa ndi phulusa wamba lamatabwa. Chololedwa kuti chikhale chouma, ndikugula pafupifupi 1.5-2 kg pach chitsamba chilichonse. Mutha kupanga phulusa pansi pa mphesa ndikuyamba kusungunuka ndi madzi, koma ndiye kuti pamwambapa muyenera kusungunuka ndi madzi ndikuwapanikiza kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu.

Kenako pali maluwa mbewu: ndikusowa kwa potaziyamu mu zomerazi, pamakhala pang'onopang'ono kukula, pang'ono kapena kutulutsa kokwanira masamba, kuchepetsa kukula kwa masamba ndi nyengo yake yomwe. Pokhapokha pochulukitsa feteleza m'nthaka ndi pomwe amaphukira bwino mphukira, mapangidwe a masamba amitundu mitundu ndi mbewu yonse.

Nthawi zambiri, pansi pamaluwa pamera feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu m'mapangidwe ake, ndibwino kuti muzipanga kubzala komanso nthawi ya maluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa maluwa osatha nthawi zambiri kumachitika nthawi yophukira komanso masika. Potaziyamu sulfate ndi feteleza zokha ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mavalidwe apamwamba, okhala ndi potaziyamu mu mawonekedwe awo, koma osakhala ndi chlorine.

Nthawi yabwino yothira feteleza

Nthawi zambiri, wosamalira dimba, wokonda dimba, kapena wokonda maluwa amangogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashamu ataona kuti mbewu za potaziyamu zikufa. Zomera, kusowa kwa potaziyamu kumadziwonetsera ngati kufalikira mu kukula ndi kukula, kuwononga masamba, omwe m'malo mwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa mitundu kapena mtundu, mwadzidzidzi imayamba imvi. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulfate yosungunuka m'madzi, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba, ndiko kuti, ingowagwirani mwachindunji masamba.

Ngati simukufuna kufikitsa mbewu yanu ku njala, muyenera, osadikirira chizindikiro cha njala ya potaziyamu, manyowa nthaka ndi potaziyamu, ndikuigwiritsa ntchito munthawi yoyenera. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati feteleza wamkulu, potaziyamu amathanso kuyika zonse mu nthawi yophukira ndi masika. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuthira dothi ndi potaziyamu mwakuwonjezera potaziyamu sulfate molunjika kuzitsime zobzala mutabzala mbande kapena zitsime mukabzala mbande, mtundu wovala pamwamba umatchedwa poyambira. Kudyetsa ndi potaziyamu koyambirira kumakupatsani mwayi wothandizira kukula kwa mizu, kuti mbande izitse mizu mwachangu ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu.

Kupitilira - kuphatikiza ndi potaziyamu m'chilimwe, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yakucha kapena mutakolola - zimapatsa mphamvu zothandizirana ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunika popanga zipatso.

Feteleza wa potashi wokhala ndi chlorine m'mapangidwe awo - mchere wa potaziyamu, potaziyamu - angagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha nthawi yophukira komanso m'nthaka yomwe kubzala kwakonzedwa mchaka; ndiye nthawi yachisanu, chlorine imatha kusunthika m'nthaka ndipo kasupe sikudzakhalanso vuto lililonse kuchokera ku feteleza wotere kupita ku mbewu. Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi chlorine ndizabwino chifukwa zimakhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kupulumutsa feteleza komanso kuthekera kopangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri.

Inde, feteleza aliyense ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, kutengera kupezeka kwa dothi lokhala ndi chinthu chimodzi kapena china. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nthaka ikusowa potaziyamu, simuyenera kuyika nthawi yomweyo michere yayikulu yochulukirapo kuposa momwe idalimbikitsidwira, ndibwino kuti mutambasule dothi ndikuwonjezera potaziyamu nyengo yonseyo, ndikuyiyambitsa muyezo wocheperako komanso bwino mu mawonekedwe osungunuka m'madzi. Zimaloledwa ngakhale kulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wowuma wa potashi ndikusungunuka m'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, nthaka ikadzala ndi chinyezi, mutha kuwonjezera potaziyamu sodium mu 12-16 g pa lalikulu mita, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito, patatha mwezi umodzi, kuchita mlingo womwewo, koma kusungunuka m'madzi; zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri kuposa kudyetsa nthawi imodzi ndi mlingo 20-30 g.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi, simuyenera kupitanso muyeso, mwachitsanzo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulfate m'nthaka mumtsuko wamadzi, ndizovomerezeka kusungunula 35-45 g wa fetelezayu ndikugwiritsa ntchito 500 g yamadzi pachitsamba chilichonse chovala masamba azomera, monga zitsamba - lita imodzi pachitsamba chilichonse, ndi mitengo yamitengo - malita ndi theka pa chitsamba chilichonse.

Pomaliza

Chifukwa chake, potaziyamu sangathe kugawidwa, ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira, chifukwa chake, kuzidyetsa ndikofunikanso. Chipatso chambiri komanso zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso sizingatheke kupezeka ndi nthaka ya potaziyamu. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi molondola: gwiritsani feteleza wa potashi yemwe amakhala ndi chlorine kokha m'dzinja, ndipo nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe gwiritsani ntchito potaziyamu sulfate, fumbi la simenti, phulusa lamatabwa.