Coriander (Cilantro)

Chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous Coriander sativum, chotchedwanso masamba coriander, ndi membala wa genus Coriander wa banja la Umbrella. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira pakuphika, komanso ngati zonunkhira pakupanga sopo, zonunkhira komanso zodzikongoletsera. Mtundu uwu ndi chomera cha uchi. Dzinalo coriander limachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Greek, asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kutengera dzinali ndi liwu lotanthauza "bug". Chomera chosakhwima chimakhala ndi fungo lofanana ndi chomwe chimatuluka ndi cholakwika chikaphwanyidwa. Gawo lina la akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti liwu loti limachokera limakhala ndi dzina, lomwe limatanthawuza "wort wa St.". Pankhani imeneyi, sizikudziwika kuti chifukwa chiyani ma koriori adatchulidwa motere. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti coriander ndi cilantro ndi mbewu imodzi yemweyo. Mpaka pano, sizikudziwika kuti zachikhalidwe ichi chidachokera kuti, malinga ndi mtundu wina wochokera ku Mediterranean. Izi ku UK, Central ndi Western Europe zidachokera ku Roma, pomwe kuchokera ku Europe zidabweretsa ku New Zealand, America ndi Australia. Masiku ano kolantro amalimidwa kwambiri ku Caucasus, Central Asia, Ukraine ndi Crimea.

Kufotokozera mwachidule kukula

1. Tikufika. Pakulima kwakanyumba, mbewu zimafesedwa kuyambira koyambirira mpaka pakati pa Marichi, ndipo m'nthaka yofesedwa mu Meyi-Marichi.
2. Kupepuka. Malo okhala ndi mthunzi kapena woyatsidwa bwino.
3. Dothi. Sandy loamy kapena loamy nthaka, yomwe imayenera kukhala yamchere pang'ono kapena yosalowerera.
4. Kuthirira. Mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri komanso mwadongosolo. Mbewu zikaoneka, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, pomwe nthaka pamalopo ikhale yonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse. Pambuyo poti tchire layamba kugwira ntchito yobiriwira misa, liyenera kuthiridwanso mokwanira, apo ayi lipita mtundu. Pakupsa, nkhantro iyenera kuthiridwanso pansi.
5. Feteleza. Ngati feteleza ofunikira adakuwonjezera panthaka musanafesere, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kudyetsa tchire.
6. Kuswana. Mbewu.
7. Tizilombo zovulaza. Ana agalu, maambulera ndi nsikidzi zazingwe, zozizira nyengo yachisanu ndi mbozi zake.
8. Matenda. Ramulariosis, dzimbiri ndi phokoso la ufa.
9. Katundu. Zonenepa za mbewu zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi anti-zingotic, analgesic, diuretic, anthelmintic ndi expectorant effect. Cilantro ndi zonunkhira zotchuka.

Makhalidwe a Coriander

Cilantro ndi chomera chamadzi pachaka. Mawonekedwe ake ndi fusiform, kutalika kwa phesi lopanda kanthu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.4 mpaka 0.7 m, pomwe nthambi zake kumtunda. Masamba a masamba oyambira ndi odulidwa nthawi yayitali, osakanizika, maulendo atatu okhala ndi malo ambiri, pomwe m'mphepete osakhazikika komanso kupindika. Masamba amtsinde amokhazikika ali amodzi-awiri, pomwe masamba akumtunda ndi apakati amakhala achikazi ophatikizidwa modabwitsa. Pamapamwamba pamatayala ndi ma ambulate inflorescence, omwe amaphatikiza ma ray a 3-5, okhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera kapena ofiira. Zipatso ndizotupa zolimba za ovoid kapena mawonekedwe. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-Julayi, nthawi yakucha ya zipatso imatengera nyengo ndipo imawonedwa mu Julayi-Seputembara. Kufesa zinthu zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa zaka ziwiri. Zitsamba zonunkhira zimatchedwa cilantro ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pouma komanso mwatsopano, pomwe mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira, zomwe zimatchedwa coriander.

Kukula koriander pazenera

Ngati mungafune, ma coriander atha kukhala pawindo lanu, pomwe masamba atsopano azikhala patebulo panu nthawi zonse. Zakudya zoterezi zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi zinthu zina zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri komanso zofunikira m'thupi la munthu. Mbande zofesedwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa March. Mbewu ziyenera kugawidwa moyenera panthaka yosakaniza ndi dothi losungunuka, ndikuyang'ana mtunda pafupifupi 70 mm pakati pawo, pomwe atayikidwa munthaka pafupifupi 10-15 mm. Mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa kuchokera kumtunda ndi polyethylene kapena galasi, kenako ndikuyika chotetezeracho pamalo otentha komanso owira. Ngati masana masana amakhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa mbewu, muyenera kukhazikitsa nyali ya phytolamp kapena nyali ya fluorescent pamalo okwera masentimita 20 mpaka 25.

Ndiosavuta kusamalira mbande. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, kuyenera kuthandizidwa mwatsatanetsatane, pomwe condensate iyenera kuchotsedwa pogona. Pambuyo mbande kupanga cotyledonous masamba mbale, galasi ayenera kuchotsedwa. Mitundu yoyamba imatha kudula pakatha masiku 20.

Kudzala kwa korona wakunja

Kuti tikule coriander dothi lotseguka, ndikofunikira kusankha malo omwe nkhaka, zukini ndi squash, komanso mbewu zina zofananira, zomwe zidakula kale. Malowa akuyenera kukhala otetezedwa ndi dzuwa ndikutetezedwa ku zolemba. Chikhalidwe ichi chitha kupangidwanso m'malo otetezedwa, koma mthunzi suyenera izi, chifukwa kumeneko kalantro amayamba kufooka, ndi masamba pang'ono, pomwe mivi yamaluwa imapangika koyambirira, pomwe zipatso zimakula pang'ono ndikucha kwa nthawi yayitali. Madera otsika sakhala oyenera kufesa chilantro, apo ayi tchire limathiriridwa tisanakhwime. Chikhalidwe chotere chimakula bwino pamtunda wamchere pang'ono kapena wopanda mbali, womwe umayenera kukhala wopindika kapena wamchenga.

Malowa ayenera kukonzedwa asanadzafesere chilantro, chifukwa izi, kukumba dothi kumachitika ndi kuwonjezera kwa humus (pa mita imodzi imodzi ya malo ½ ndowa), womwe uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi phulusa la mitengo yambiri. M'malo mwake, feteleza wophatikiza wama mineral (pa mita imodzi imodzi kuchokera 20 mpaka 30 magalamu) akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka. Kubzala kumachitika mu Marichi-Meyi. Mphukira zimayamba kuwoneka kale pamtunda wa madigiri 4 mpaka 6, koma kutentha kwambiri pamtunda, mbande zimawonekera mwachangu.

Patsambali ndikofunikira kuti pasapangike mizere yakuya kwambiri, pomwe mbewu zouma ziyenera kuyikidwa mu zidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu, pakati pake mpaka 80 mpaka 100 mm. Mtunda pakati pa mitengoyo uyenera kukhala kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 15 sentimita, potengera izi zitsamba zomwe zikulira sizingakwirane ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mbewu zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndi 15-20 mm. Kenako mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi. Nthawi ya mawonekedwe a mbande zimatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya koriander, malo osungirako ndi nyengo, ndipo amasiyanasiyana masiku 7 mpaka 20.

Kusamalira Makori

Mbewu zikakula, zimafunikira kupatulira, momwe mmera uliwonse uzikhala ndi malo oyenera okulira ndi kutalika. Pa mbande zomwe zimamera mu chisa chimodzi, zolimba ziyenera kusiyidwa, ndipo zotsalazo zizigwetsedwa. Kenako, ma coriander ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi, namsongole munthawi yake, komanso kumasula dothi lozungulira tchire.

Momwe mungamwere

Mbewu zimafunikira kuthilira pafupipafupi komanso zochulukirapo, chifukwa mbewu zomwe zimamera sizimva kusowa kwamadzi. Mbewu zikaonekera, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, pomwe nthaka pakama iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pa kukula kwachikulire pakubiriwira kokulirapo, kuthirira kochuluka kumachulukitsidwa, ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti tchire zipita molawirira. Zikatha kucha zipatso zikayamba, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kosowa kwambiri. Pabedi pakumizidwa madzi kapena kusefukira, malo ake ayenera kumasulidwa, apo ayi sipangakhalepo zobiriwira pang'ono, ndipo inflorescence imamera m'mawa kwambiri.

Kukula cilantro

Feteleza tikulimbikitsidwa kuti idziyikirenje dothi musanafesere mbewu. Ndipo nthawi yakula, kuvala tchire pamwamba sikuchitika. Chiwembu chofesa chiyenera kukonzedwa m'dzinja, chifukwa, pakukula, feteleza wa potaziyamu ndi phala imayikidwa mu dothi, ndipo kasupe, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amayikidwa kutsogolo kwa mbewu.

Mitundu imakololedwa pamene iwo akukula. Mapesi atapangidwa, zonenepa zimacheperachepera, pomwe masamba amayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo phindu lake la zakudya limachepa. Ngati musamalira mbewu moyenera ndikutsatira malamulo aukadaulo a zaulimi, ndiye kuti mu chitsamba chimodzi munthawi yomweyo mutha kuchotsa zokolola zitatu.

Kudera lomwe mbewuyi idalimo, chaka chamawa mutha kudzala biringanya, komanso nthumwi zina za banja la nightshade.

Matenda ndi tizirombo ta coriander

Matenda

Ngati coriander sanayang'aniridwe bwino kapena malamulo aulimi a mbewuyo sanayang'anitsidwe, tchire limatha kukhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri, ramulariosis kapena powdery mildew.

Ramulariosis

Ramulariosis ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amakula mwachangu ndi chinyezi chambiri, ngati kuli ozizira kwambiri m'chilimwe ndipo mame ochulukirapo agwa m'mawa. Matendawa amatha kuwononga tchire la coriander. Madontho a bulauni amapangika pamasamba a masamba, pang'onopang'ono utoto wotuwa umawonekera pakapita nthawi. Kunja, chitsamba chimawoneka ngati chikuwotcha, ndipo chimafa msanga. Pofuna kupewa mbewu, ndikofunikira kutola mbewu musanafesere ndi yankho la Fitosporin-M, ndipo nthawi yomweyo m'dera lomwe cantantro adamera chaka chatha, nyengo imeneyi silingafesedwe.

Dzimbiri

Matenda enanso a fungus ndi dzimbiri, ndiofala kwambiri ndipo angawononge chikhalidwe ichi. M'matumba omwe akhudzidwa, ma pustule a mawonekedwe ofiira amtunduwo pamtunda wa masamba, amaphulika nthawi, ndipo mafangayi amayamba kutuluka, ogwidwa ndi tizilombo kapena mphepo. Kuti tchire lisachite dzimbiri, ndikofunikira kuchitanso chimodzimodzi popewa nkhondo polimbana ndi ramulariosis.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew ndiyinso matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Pa mlengalenga mwa mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa, ndimitundu yoyera. Pakapita kanthawi, chinsaluchi chimakhala chowuma ndikusintha mtundu wake kukhala bulauni. Matendawa amakula kwambiri munthawi youma komanso yowuma ndipo amasintha kwambiri kutentha ndi chinyezi. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kungathandizenso kukulitsa matendawa. Tchire lonse lomwe lili ndi matenda liyenera kuchotsedwa m'nthaka posachedwa ndikuwonongeka. Kuti muchotse matenda oterewa, ngati mukufuna, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe si wowopsa: masamba amayenera kuthandizidwa ndikuthira phulusa la soda kapena mullein watsopano, mkaka wopindika kapena kuthira udzu wofesedwa.

Tizilombo zovulaza

Pa cilantro, kachilombo komwe kali ndi ming'alu komanso maambulera, kambuku, komanso mbozi za phokoso nthawi yachisanu, zimatha kukhazikika.

Popeza akatswiri samalangiza kupopera mbewu tchire ndi tizirombo, kuti tipewe kuoneka ngati wadyedwa m'matchire, mbewuyo imayenera kukhazikitsidwa isanafesedwe. M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa malo onse zinyalala zamera, ndipo ngakhale dothi panthawiyi lifunika kukumba kwambiri.

Ngati mbozi kapena mbozi za scoop zizioneka patchire, ziyenera kusungidwa pamanja. Ngati cocantro yambiri yakula, ndiye kuti tchire limatha kuchiritsidwa ndi yankho la phulusa la nkhuni kapena mpiru, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi mankhusu.

Mitundu ya Cilantro

Pansipa afotokozeredwa mitundu ya mitengo ya koriandere yomwe imakonda kwambiri alimi.

1. Caribe. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wamaDutch uno waonekera posachedwa. Pa tchire pali masamba ambiri, omwe ali ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso labwino. Chomera cha pachaka sichigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Masamba ake ndiwofewa kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera maphunziro oyamba ndi achiwiri, komanso masaladi, ndipo njerezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza confectionery ndi marinade.
2. Amber. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwombera pang'onopang'ono. Pa tchire pali masamba ambiri onunkhira. Kuphatikizika kwa mbewu yotere kumakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunika, mafuta ake amawonjezeredwa pamaphunziro oyamba ndi achiwiri, komanso masaladi, pomwe mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza masoseji, confectionery ndi marinade.
3. Borodinsky. Mitundu yakucha yakucha imatha kudyedwa mwatsopano, ndipo zokometsera zimapangidwanso. Kukoma kwa koriander ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo kununkhira kwake ndikosapeweka.
4. Ngongole. Mitundu yakucha-sing'anga iyi imalephera kukola. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza marinade ndi mbale zosiyanasiyana.
5. Alimbikitseni. Zosiyanazo ndizochedwa. Chitsamba chili ndi malo otumphuka, okhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 25-30. Chopantro choterocho chimatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi mbale zam'madzi, masaladi ndi sopo.
6. Venus. Mitundu yosachedwa kucha yomwe ili ndi maluwa. Mitundu imakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa komanso kununkhira kokongola, imawonjezeredwa ku saladi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukongoletsa mbale zosiyanasiyana, njere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulawa mkate ndi makeke, komanso pokonza marinade.
7. Taiga. Mitundu yazonunkhira zam'mapeto, zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri, zolochedwa ndi utoto wokhazikika, zimakhala ndi fungo lachilendo. Mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zokometsera, ndipo amadyera amawonjezeredwa kuzakudya zosiyanasiyana.
8. Vanguard. Mitundu yakucha-sing'anga iyi imakhazikika. Kutulutsa masamba kudzutsidwa, kumakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Mbewu zimawonjezeredwa ku marinade, ndi masamba owuma ndi atsopano pambale zosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yaantantro monga: Alekseevsky, Mfumu yamsika, Kumayambiriro, Kirovograd ndi Okutobala.

Coriander katundu: maubwino ndi zovulaza

Zothandiza zimphamvu za cilantro

Mphukira za koriander ndi masamba zimaphatikizapo rutin, carotene, mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu ndi mafuta ofunikira, ndipo zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mankhwala ophatikiza ndi steroid, ma tannins, sucrose, fructose, glucose, polyphenols, mafuta amafuta, pectin, alkaloids, mafuta ndi mafuta ofunikira. Chomera choterocho chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chakuti chimakhala ndi mitundu yosakanikirana ndi ma organic acid: linoleic, oleic, isooleic, ascorbic, myristic, stearic ndi palmitic.

Coriander amadziwika ndi anti-scintillating, analgesic, diuretic, anthelmintic ndi expectorant kwenikweni. Zimathandizira kukulitsa chilimbikitso, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupatsirana kwa m'mimba, kukonza matumbo, kuwona, kuwonjezera potency, kulimbikitsa ntchito ya impso, komanso cilantro kumathandizanso ndi kusowa tulo, kumachotsa kutupa ndi kuthetsa nkhawa zamavuto, mphamvu ndi mafunde.

Madzi a chikhalidwe choterocho amathandizira kuchepetsa kutulutsa magazi ndikumalimbitsa, kuthetsa kupweteka kwam'mano ndikutulutsa matenda pakamwa ndi stomatitis. Mphesa zimathandizira kuyeretsa thupi la cholesterol yoyipa, komanso imakhala ndi phindu pa ntchito ya mtima. Ngati mumadya masamba angapo a koriander, muthanso kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mowa ndikuchotsa matenda a hangover.

Contraindication

Coriander sangathe kudyedwa ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, thrombosis ndi thrombophlebitis, atakumana ndi vuto la mtima komanso matenda opha ziwalo, komanso azimayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera. Ngati mumadya kwambiri greenantant, ndiye kuti imatha kuvulaza ngakhale munthu wathanzi kwathunthu: pali kuphwanya kwamiseche komanso kugona, komanso kufooketsa kukumbukira. Nthawi zina, kudya mafuta kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa ziwopsezo: kupweteka pamimba, kusanza, kuyabwa pakhungu, mseru komanso kukhumudwa. Matenda oyamba akangomaliza kuzindikira, ndikofunikira kumwa antihistamine nthawi yomweyo, mavuto ena monga Quincke's edema ndi anaphylactic angayambike posachedwa.