Masiku ano, wamaluwa athe kupeza mitundu ingapo kapena zipatso zina zomwe sizimadziwika kale. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti eni malo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi Plum Peach, malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana, chithunzi cha mbewuyo ndi zipatso zake, komanso mawonekedwe aulimi.
Choyambirira, maula amitundu yosiyanasiyana awa amakopa chidwi chambiri ndi zipatso zazikulu za hue chokhala ndi bulashi yowala-yofiira. Maonekedwe oyambawo samakonzeratu dzina la mitundu, komanso adayambitsa malingaliro olakwika. Ambiri molakwika amakhulupirira kuti mtengowo ndi wosakanizidwa wa pichesi ndi maula.
Chipatso cha mwala chimabereka bwino kwambiri pakukula modabwitsa, kupatsa ana obala chipatso ndi zina mwa zina za makolo. Komabe, pichesi yamapichesi imangofanana ndi zipatso zam'mwera zabwino, monga zikuwonetsedwera ndi kufotokozeredwa bwino ndi zithunzi za mtengowo.
Peach Plum Zosiyanasiyana
Ngakhale mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a mchere komanso zipatso zazikulu, mbewuyo singakhale yatsopano. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mitundu ya pichesi yamtundu inafotokozedwa mu 1830. Mpaka lero, malo omwe mbande zoyambilazo zimabzalidwa, kapena mitundu yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereketsa, sanafike. Ndizachidziwikire kuti chikhalidwechi ndichachikhalidwe chakumadzulo kwa Europe ndipo zaka zopitilira 100 zidatchedwa Red Nectarine kapena Royal Rouge zosiyanasiyana.
Tsopano popeza kuswana kwapita patsogolo kwambiri, mtunduwu siupezeka kawirikawiri m'mabzala. Komabe, mu nthawi za Soviet, mitunduyi idavomerezedwa kuti ikulidwe kumadera akumwera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo republic of Transcaucasia ndi North Caucasus, Moldova, pang'ono Ukraine, komanso Kuban ndi Stavropol Territory. Kumpoto, chifukwa cha kuuma pang'ono kwa dzinja, mbewuzo zimazizira, osapereka zokolola zomwe mukufuna.
Kutengera malamulo a kubzala ndi kusamalira maula, Pichesi imapanga mitengo sing'anga kapena yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi korona yokhala ndi masamba ochepa. Mbande zazing'ono, poyerekeza ndi zomera zomwe zimabereka kale, zimawonetsa kukula kwakukulu, komwe kumatsika ndi zaka 5-7. Inali nthawi iyi kuti ovary woyamba amawonekera pamaluwa a maluwa.
Poyamba, mitengo yazipatso imabala zipatso zosakhazikika, koma pang'onopang'ono zizindikilo zimayendetsedwa ndikukula. Ali ndi zaka 15, maula okula msanga amapatsa mpaka makilogalamu 50 akucha kwambiri, zipatso zosapsa. Kutengera dera ndi nyengo, zipatso zimakololedwa kuyambira theka lachigawo la Julayi mpaka zaka khumi zachiwiri za Ogasiti.
Poyerekeza ndi chithunzi cha ma pichesi, mtengowo uli ndi masamba akuluakulu ozungulira osapindika. Tsamba lamasamba, mosiyana ndi pichesi, nectarine ndi apurikoti, limapindika pang'ono, ngati mphukira zazing'ono za chaka chino, komanso petioles lalifupi kumene dzira limakhazikika. M'mphepete mwa pepalali mumawongoleredwa mooneka bwino.
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mitundu ndi chithunzi cha maula a Persikova, zipatso zake zazikuluzikulu kapena zozungulira zimapanikizika pang'ono pamwamba. Pafupifupi, kulemera kwa puramu imodzi yokhala ndi khungu lolimba lolimba, pomwe msoko wowoneka wopanda pake, ndi magalamu 45-50. Komabe, sizachilendo kuti unyinji wa mwana wosabadwayo ufike magalamu 70 pazaka zotentha komanso chakudya chokwanira.
Mtundu wa maula kutengera nyengo. Mtundu waukulu wa khungu wokutidwa ndi mtundu wamafuta a buluu ndi wobiriwira wachikaso. Koma, ngati chipatsocho chinali chokwanira dzuwa, chiphuphu chofiira kwambiri chimapangidwa mbali zake, chomwe chimatha kuphimba pafupifupi lonse.
Ma plums okhathamira, okonzeka kudya amakhala ndi zotakata, zokometsera zamkati zokongola zagolide. Mwalawo ndi wocheperako, wosanja, wosavuta kuzimitsa, womwe, kuphatikiza ndi kukoma kwabwino, umalankhula za phindu la mitunduyo. Zonunkhira zonunkhira komanso wowawasa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino ngati zatsopano komanso zopangira popanga kupanikizana, kupanikizana, ma compotes ndi zinthu zina zophikira.
Chifukwa cha khungu lakuthwa komanso yakucha, ma plums amitundu yosiyanasiyana a Peach amayendetsedwa mosavuta ndikusungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa. Chokhacho chomwe chingabweretsere chikhalidwe ndicholimba kwa nyengo yozizira, komwe sikulolera kukula kosiyanasiyana popanda chiwopsezo ngakhale ku Central Black Earth Region.
Plum Peach Michurin
Mwachidziwikire, kudziwa za maula osangalatsa a kum'mwera komanso kufunanso mitundu yosagwirizana ndi kuzizira, mu 1904 I. Michurin adayamba kupanga zosankha zofananira. Monga maziko, asayansiwo adatola khungulo yoyera yoyera yochokera ku famu ya Reshetnikov Samara. Mbewuzo zitaphuka, zidapukutidwa ndi Washington waku America. Mtengowo, wotchedwa Michurin's Peach Plum, unayamba kubereka zipatso mu 1921.
Zipatso za chikhalidwe ichi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Pakhungu lachikasu lomwe silikupepuka mumatha kuzindikira:
- msoko wosaya;
- poluka wa buluu wa buluu, yemwe amatha kufufuma mosavuta pamene maula agwera m'manja kapena polumikizana ndi zipatso zina;
- tsamba loyera lonyezimira la ubweya wofiyira, silinatchulidwe kochepera kuposa la Peam zosiyanasiyana Pum.
Kulemera kwa plums zovulaza ndi 35-45 gr. Pansi pa khungu loonda kumakhala kaphikidwe kotsekemera kamene kali ndi shuga wambiri ndi 11% ndi ma acid ochepa kwambiri, ndiko kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Kwenikweni, zipatsozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano kuti zidyedwe, koma zimatha kukhala zosaphika kwambiri popangira zida zapamwamba komanso kusungidwa kwa zipatso.
Poyerekeza ndi congener wakummwera, ma Michurinsky maula amakhala ndi zokolola zochepa. Kuchokera pamtengo wachikulire wokhala ndi korona wowona komanso kutalika kwa mamita 3-4, mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 15 makilogalamu a zipatso zotsekemera. Poterepa, nthawi ya zipatso imayamba zaka 1-2 kenako kukolola sikuli mu Julayi, koma mu Ogasiti komanso kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala.
Ngakhale panali kufinya kumeneku, Peach Michurina ndiwolimba nthawi yozizira ndipo amatha kubereka zipatso kumadera a Voronezh, Kursk, Belgorod komanso kumwera. Mwachitsanzo, kumpoto pang'ono, m'chigawo cha Tambov, mphukira zazing'ono nthawi zambiri sizimakhazikika ndi kuziziritsa kunja, zomwe zimachepetsa zipatso ndikufunsa kuthekera kwa mitundu.
Zili ndi kubzala ndi kusamalira maula a maula
Monga zipatso zamwala zonse, ma plums amafunikira chisamaliro choyenera, chomwe chimayamba ndikusankha malo obzala.
Kuti zizike mizu mwachangu komanso kuti zikule bwino, zimapeza dzuwa, lotetezedwa ndi mphepo komanso nthaka yachonde. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi kuthilira simalola kuyandikira kwa madzi apansi panthaka.
Komabe, chosangalatsa chachikulu cha chipatsochi ndi kukana kwake kuzizira. Kuyambira chisanu, choyambirira, ana ang'onoang'ono amavutika, omwe amayenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu. Ndibwino ngati mtengowo umatetezedwa ndi mphepo, mwachitsanzo, khoma lomanga, mpanda kapena mpanda. Chithunzi cha ma pichesi komanso mafotokozedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana amati ovary imakhazikitsidwa munthambi zazing'ono zamaluwa. Ngati mbewuyo idayamba kugunda bwino, nthawi ya masika imasangalala ndi maluwa abwino.
Koma osadikirira kukolola kochuluka, ngati simusamala musanabzalire mitundu yomwe imatha kupukusa mitengo yazipatso izi. Mwa omwe amapanga ma plums osiyanasiyana a Peach, mitundu ya Renklod ndi Vengerki yotulutsa nthawi imodzi ndi izo, komanso mitundu ya Anna Shpet ndi Mirabel Nancy, ingaganiziridwe. Mitengo yosanja ikhale pafupi, kufikiridwa ndi njuchi zonyamula mungu kuchokera ku chomera china kupita kwina.
