Chithunzi cha Cattleya maluwa Momwe mungapangire Cattleya pachimake Cattleya percivaliana albaCattleya (lat. Cattleya) - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa okongola okongola. Cattleya imadziwika chifukwa cha kusasamala kwawo posamalira, imatha kubzala osati mchipinda, komanso m'maofesi, mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha mizu yokhazikitsidwa bwino imalekerera chilala ndipo sichifunikira kwambiri chinyezi.
Katundu wakukula kwa Cattleya ndiwachisoni. Ma pseudobulbs ndi aatali (pafupifupi 15cm kutalika) ndipo amakhuthala, chilichonse chimanyamula mbale ziwiri za masamba. Masamba ndiwotalika, mpaka 30 cm, lalitali, lamtambo.
Cattleya pachimake ndiwowonjezera wa kukongola ndi kununkhira. Inflorescence imodzi imanyamula ma corollas opitilira asanu. Duwa limakhala ndi milomo yachilendo komanso mawonekedwe ake osiyanitsa ndi ena onse. Mbale zamtundu wam'mphepete, zopindika. Mtundu wa makinawo umayamba kuyera ngati chipale chofewa ndipo umatha ndi utoto wakuda, pafupifupiutambo wakuda. Kapangidwe ka duwa ndikofunikira: ndikotupa, kotakasuka, kamakhalabe watsopano kwa nthawi yayitali. Fungo lake limayerekezeredwa ndi kakombo, kakombo wa chigwa, ndi mbewu zamtunduwu zimatulutsa fungo losafanana. Mwa njira, ma orchid sangathe kuyambitsa thupi lawo lonse, ngakhale kununkhira kwambiri.
Momwe Cattleya limamasulira Momwe Cattleya amawonekera
Mwachilengedwe, Cattleya ndiofala ku South ndi Central America. Inapezeka koyamba mu 1817 kumpoto kwa Brazil. Mabotolo angapo adatengapo nawo gawo pofufuza komanso kufotokozera za chomera chatsopanocho, koma dzina la chomeracho adapatsidwa polemekeza William Cattleya. Ndi iye amene adakwaniritsa maluwa oyambitsidwa ndi maluwa.
Chomera chimatetezedwa mwapadera. Mitundu yonse ya Cattleya imaphatikizidwa ku CITES Convention (Msonkhano wa International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Okonda maluwa a Orchid kapena olima maluwa (oyamba kumene) atha kumera chomera chapaderachi.
Cattleya kukula zinthu
Kuti muwonetsetse kukula bwino, ndipo koposa zonse, maluwa, ndikofunikira kupereka malo pafupi ndi chilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, Cattleya wofiirira, wokhala m'mphepete mwa Amazon, amafunikira kutentha nthawi zonse, chinyezi komanso chinyezi pafupifupi 100%. Moyo wamtundu wamtundu wa Cattleya guttata, Cattleya wolemekezeka, Cattleya intermedia ndiosiyana kwambiri - amakula m'malo owuma, nthawi zambiri pansi pa dzuwa mwachindunji pakati pa zitsamba ndi cacti, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya kupitirira 35 ° C. Mitundu Cattleya velutina, Cattleya bicolor amapezeka kumapiri a boma la Minas Gerais waku Brazil. Pali kutentha kwapakati, mpweya chinyezi uli pafupifupi 70%.
Mitundu yotentha
Lingalirani za momwe zinthu ziliri bwino pakulima Cattleya m'nyumba. Zoyambira zotentha zimalola kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka 30 ° C nthawi yachisanu, koma madigiri 22-26 ° C amakhala omasuka. Pansi usiku mpaka pakubwezeretsa kwa 18-20 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, sungani kutentha kwamasana pa 18-22 ° C, ndi kutentha kwamadzulo kwa 12-15 ° C. Ine.e. Cattleya amakula bwino pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Kupangitsa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zisatenthe. Potentha, pukuta pepalalo ndi nsalu yofewa komanso yonyowa.
Kupepuka
Kuwala kumafunikira zowala. Pakufunika dzuwa lowala, koma maola ochepa patsiku. Mumazolowera kuwongolera dzuwa pang'onopang'ono, ndizomera zachikulire zokha zomwe zimatha kupirira bwino kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ikani mbewuyo kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo. Mukayikidwa pazenera lakumpoto, komanso nthawi yozizira, kuunikira kowonjezerapo kofunikira kudzafunika. Izi zimachitika ndi fluorescent komanso nyali za fluorescent.
Mutha kudziwa kufunika kwa kuwunikira malinga ndi masamba - nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi udzu wobiriwira. Ngati masamba amapeza mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira, kutaya kuwala, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mphamvu yakuwala mwachindunji pamtengowo. Mtundu wakuda wobiriwira wamasamba umaonetsa kusowa kwa kuwala.
Momwe angasamalire ng'ombe kunyumba
Cattleya kunyumba kusamalira zithunzi maluwa
Chinthu chachikulu pakukula orchid iliyonse ndikwaniritsa maluwa ake. Kusamalira Cattleya sikumvekera kochepera; kuyesayesa pang'ono pamafunika pakukula bwino ndi maluwa.
Momwe mungamwere
M'chilimwe, Cattleya amafunika madzi okwanira ambiri, koma pakati pa njirazo gawo lapansi liyenera kupukuta kwathunthu. Ndikofunikira kuchita kuthirira kwapamwamba podutsa madzi pamtunda. Onetsetsani kuti madzi sagwera pakumera - izi zimakwiyitsa. Munthawi yopumira, kunyowetsa madzi kumacheperachepera kupopera gawo pang'ono kuchokera kutsitsi labwino. Ngati madontho amadzi agwera pachomera (m'nthawi yozizira), onetsetsani kuti mumawaza ndi nsalu youma, apo ayi masamba adzakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima.
Ndi mawonekedwe a peduncle, yambitsiraninso madzi okwanira. Kusamba Cattleya pamadzi osamba osamba si kokometsa (pangani njira pafupifupi 1 pamwezi munthawi yogwira ntchito). Ndondomeko imatsitsimutsa Cattleya, madzi othamanga adzaonetsetsa kuti ayeretsedwa. Mukatentha kwambiri, mutha kuthira mbewu. Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, gwiritsani ntchito madzi osinthika (sungunulani, mvula, osasefa, kapena madzi apampopi, koma osiyira kwa maola osachepera 24).
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Cattleya wamkulu mu malo mchipinda ali osakhazikika mpaka mulingo wa chinyezi. Koma nthawi yachilimwe, nthawi ndi nthawi muziika mphika wa orchid pa pallet yodzaza ndi madzi. Izi zikuthandizira kukula kwa mizu.
Momwe mungadyetse
Feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi ya kukula kwamphamvu, munthawi yokhala matalala Cattleya sifunikira kudyetsa. Monga chovala chapamwamba, feteleza wama mineral ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu gawo loyambirira la kukula, gwiritsani feteleza wa nayitrogeni kangapo. Pamapeto pa kukula, gwiritsani ntchito potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zapadera za ma orchid, koma pokonzekera mlingo wa ½ kapena ¼ wa mankhwalawo.
Momwe mungapangire Cattleya pachimake
Momwe mungapangire kuti Cattleya ayambe maluwa pachimake Cattleya Ruth Gee Dael Jubilee
Cattleya sikhala pachimake posakhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera (kuyatsa, kutentha kwa mpweya) ndi chisamaliro chokwanira. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kusinthasintha kwa nyengo ndi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku - chofunikira kwambiri pakulima kwa Cattleya. Kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa akutuluka, maluwa amakula bwino, choncho musaiwale za kupezeka kwa michere (gwiritsani umuna).
Nthawi yopumula
Kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo, kuchuluka kwake ndi nthawi yayitali yopumira zimadalira mitundu. Mitundu ndi ma hybrids omwe akutuluka pakapangidwe kakang'ono kopanda magazi sangathe kugwira ntchito kwa miyezi ingapo. Ena "amapuma" nthawi yonse itatha kusinthika kwa pseudobulb yatsopano mpaka mawonekedwe a peduncle. Chifukwa chake, ngati maluwa adawonedwa m'dzinja, ndiye kuti Cattleya adzapuma mpaka kuphukira.
Pa matalala, kuthirira osowa kumachitika (kangapo pamwezi), kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsitsidwa, koma mulingo woyatsa umasiyidwa pamwamba. Kuthira manyowa ndizotsutsana kwambiri. Simungathe kupopera, kusungitsa chinyezi cha mpweya mwa kuyika pallet ndi madzi nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kuyika Cattleya kunyumba
Momwe mungasinthire chithunzi cha Cattleya
Cattleya orchid imakonda kusinthika, imabwezeretsa mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa njirayi. Thirani pokhapokha ngati chofunikira, chomera sichingagundirane mumphika kapena gawo latsopanolo silikhala losadziwika (lasanduka acidified, wandiweyani, kapena mosemphanitsa, linagwa).
Mwachilengedwe, Cattleya amatsogolera epiphytic (amakula pamitengo ya mitengo) kapena lithophytic (amakula pakati pa miyala) njira ya moyo. Pachikhalidwe, maluwa amenewa amakulira pamabatani, m'mabasiketi opachikika kapena m'mbale yokhala ndi gawo lapadera. Miphika yamaluwa imatha kukhala pulasitiki, koma chidebe chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dongo ndichabwino;
Zosankha zapansi:
- Universal yakukula maluwa;
- Osmund Fern Fibers;
- Khungwa laling'ono ndi lalitali pakati paini ndi kuwonjezera kwa sphagnum moss.
Gwiritsani ntchito zidutswa za polystyrene ngati ngalande. Kulowetsani khungubwe kwa masiku angapo m'madzi ofunda, ndiye kukhetsa madzi. Ngati mpweya mchipindacho uli wouma mopitirira, onjezerani perlite ku gawo lapansi.
Njira yothanirana imaphatikizidwa ndi kubereka, mu chidebe chimodzi simuyenera kukhala ndi ma pseudobulbs oposa 5.
Chotsani chomera mosamala muchotetezacho, gwiritsani pansi pansi kwa mphindi 30 m'madzi ofunda kuti gawo lapansi lifike pansi. Dulani mizu popanda kuwononga, ndibwino kuti muchite izi pansi pa madzi. Gawo lonse litatha, onetsetsani ngati mizu ili yabwino. Dulani zofa (zowola), zowola kapena zowonongeka. Dulani ndi mpeni wakuthwa kapena scalpel. Finyani malo odulira ndi makala aufa kapena fungani (njira yocheperako yapinki ya potaziyamu ndi yoyenera), lolani kuti mizu yake ome pang'ono pang'ono pamoto, kenako gawanani (ngati nthawi ili yoyenera) ndikubzala mbewuzo m'mbale zosiyanazo.
Momwe mungasinthire Cattleya, yang'anani vidiyo iyi:
Cattleya kuswana
Cattleya wamkati anafalikira mobala - pogawa tchire. Mutha kugawa tchire kamodzi pazaka 2-3, mbewu zikapuma. Delenka iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi ma pseudobulbs atatu, malo okukula ndi mulu wamizu yamoyo.
Gawo la chitsamba cha Cattleya pavidiyo:
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ngati malo olakwika amasamalidwa ndi kusamalidwa, ng'ombe imakhala pachiwopsezo - imatha kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Ganizirani matenda a Cattleya:
- Gray zowola
Zisumbu za malo amdima okhala ndi zokutira kwamafuta zimawonekera pambale ya masamba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chinyezi kwambiri kuphatikiza kutentha kochepa. M'pofunika kuchita mankhwala ndi fungicidal kukonzekera.
- Zowola chakuda
Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsedwa nthawi yayitali kwa kutentha pang'ono. Chotsani madera omwe akhudzidwa, chiritsani ndi Bordeaux madzimadzi kapena fungus ina. Pakawonongeka kowopsa, gawo lapansi (gawo lina) lidzafunika.
- Powdery mildew
Amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa chikwangwani cha imvi osati pama masamba, komanso masamba. Zomwe zimayambitsa zotupa nthawi zambiri zimakweza kutentha kwa mpweya ndikutsitsa madzi nthaka. Mankhwala, kuchitira ndi colloidal sulfure.
- Wowonera bakiteriya
Matendawa amadziwika ndi chikasu cha masamba komanso kuwoneka kwamdima. Dulani madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mpeni, chitani ndi fungicide.
Tizilombo ta Cattleya ndi:
- Ma nsabwe
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wakuda womwe umawononga masamba, masamba, inflorescence, ndi causative othandizira matenda oyamba ndi ma virus. Mutha kuwachotsa ndi chithandizo ndi madzi wamba a sopo.
- Spider mite
Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ndi mpweya wouma m'chipindacho. Matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi kupezeka kwa tsamba loonda. Nyowetsani mphonje ya thonje ndi sopo ndi madzi ndikupukuta masamba mbali zonse ziwiri.
- Zikopa
Mabulosi a bulauni amawonekera pambale ya masamba, omwe amayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndi dzino kapena dzino. Chitani mankhwalawa.
Cattleya popanda kanema wotsitsa mizu:
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti Cattleya adatsala wopanda mizu. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa ma orchid, zinthu sizivuta kukonza. Ikani chomera mu yankho ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera, ndi mawonekedwe a mizu, ndikusintha kukhala gawo lapansi. Mukayambiranso mizu, onetsetsani kuti mukusamalidwa bwino.
Mitundu ya Cattleya yokhala ndi chithunzi ndi mutu
Mitundu yoposa 65 yamtundu wa Cattleya imadziwika. Palinso ma hybrids ndi mitundu yambiri - pali masauzande ambiri, pali zikuluzikulu ndi ma crumb pakati pawo, omwe ali ndi maluwa amodzi komanso maluwa okhala ndi maluwa ambiri, amasiyana mu nthawi ndi nthawi ya maluwa, koma onsewa amaphatikizidwa ndi kukongola kodabwitsa. Munkhani imodzi, ndizosatheka kulemba ndi kufotokoza onse a Cattleya, tikambirana ena a iwo.
Cattleya Bowringiana
Cattleya Bowling Cattleya Bowringiana chithunzi
Kuchokera ku nkhalango zamvula za Guatemala. Ili ndi masamba akuluakulu amiyala. The inflorescence ndi multiflowered. Dongosolo la corolla ndi masentimita 3-7. Mlomo ndi utoto wabola, wokutidwa ndi mitsempha yamdima, m'munsi kuli malo oyera kapena achikasu, pamakhala timiyala ta pinki. Kutalika kwa cunindrical peduncle kumatha kutalika masentimita 70, ikakula m'nyumba, imakhala yotalika masentimita 30 mpaka 35. Maluwa amapezeka nthawi ya Okutobala-Disembala ndipo amatha pafupifupi masabata awiri. Nthawi yopumira yayifupi imachitika m'miyezi yozizira.
Cattleya skinnerri
Chithunzi cha Cattleya Skinneri Catnerya skinneri 'Casa Luna'
Malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mitundu yakale, koma maluwa amatuluka m'miyezi yophukira.
Cattleya Forbes Cattleya Forbesii
Chithunzi cha Cattleya Forbes Cattleya Forbesi
Oyambirira ochokera ku Brazil. Tsinde loonda lokhala ndi maluwa limakhala lalitali masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Maluwa ndi akulu (mpaka 10 cm mulifupi) mu tan. Nthawi yamaluwa imagwera pa Meyi-August, imatha pafupifupi masabata 1-2. Maganizo ake sakukongoletsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi enawo, koma amasiyananso modzikuza pochoka ndipo maluwa akutheka pachaka. Iwo akhoza kukhala oyambitsa archdioces oyamba.
Cattleya Warszewicz kapena chimphona cha Cattleya Warscewiczii
Chithunzi cha Cattleya Varshevich kapena chimphona cha Cattleya Warscewiczii
A Epiphyte, omwe amakhala kumapiri a Colombia, amakonda malo pafupi ndi dziwe. Mtunduwu ndiwofanana: pseudobulb ndi fusform, imafika kutalika kwa 30 cm, iliyonse imatulutsa pepala limodzi lachikopa. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 10-30 masentimita. Patadada wa mita imodzi imatha ndi inflorescence wa mita imodzi yokhala ndi ma 3- corolas. Danga la corolla limatha kufika 25 cm.
Mlomo wokhala ndi m'mbali mwa maraya, otambalala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso khosi lachikasu, ma petals amakhala ndi pinki. Maluwa amatha kuonedwa kwa masabata awiri munthawi ya Meyi-June. M'masamba obiriwira, nyamazo zakhala zikulimidwa kuyambira zaka za zana la 19; m'malo mchipinda zimafunikira kukonzedwa mosamalitsa (kusiyana kwa kutentha, chinyezi chambiri, kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba).
Cattleya anayatsa Cattleya labiata
Cattleya lubed Cattleya labiata chithunzi
Wokhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil. Pseudobulbs ndi fusiform, 15-25 masentimita, kutalika pang'ono, yokutidwa ndi mamba obiriwira obiriwira. Aliyense pseudobulb amapanga pepala limodzi. Masamba osalala mpaka 25 cm, achikopa, m'mphepete chapamwamba sakhazikika. Pamwamba pa phesi mu Seputembara-Novembala, kuwonekera kwa maluwa a genemose, omwe amakhala ndi maluwa 2-3. Akuluakulu - amafikira mainchesi 20. Mlomo ndi wokulirapo, wopindika atatu, lobe wapakati wokhala ndi mbali zokulirapo, utoto wofiirira komanso malo owala achikaso kumunsi, wotsatira; mafoni ndi wavy, pinki, lilac.
Cattleya awiri toni Cattleya bicolor
Cattleya awiri-toni Cattleya bicolor chithunzi
Orchid wokhala ndi peduncle 30-60 masentimita, kutalika kwa corolla ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10. Mbale ndi zotupa, milomo imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mbali zomasuka. Nthawi yamaluwa imagwera nthawi yophukira-yozizira.
Cattleya Trianaei
Cattleya Triana Cattleya Trianaei chithunzi
Peduncle ndi theka la mita, ndipo m'mimba mwake maluwa amafika masentimita 20. Mitunduyo ndi yoyera-yapinki, mulomo ndi rasipiberi wowala wokhala ndi malire oyera. Maluwa amapezeka nthawi yozizira komanso masika.
Cattleya wosakanizidwa Cattleya hybrida
Chithunzi cha Cattleya hybrid Cattleya hybrida chithunzi
Lingaliroli limagwirizanitsa ma hybrids ambiri opangidwa ndi interspecific crossbreeding ndi kubadwa ndi mitundu obereketsa.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Eclipse - wosakanizidwa wamkulu wokhala ndi ubweya wofiirira;
- Margaret Degenhardt Saturn - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi maluwa rasipiberi, maluwa amatuluka kawiri pachaka;
- Earl Impadium - mitundu yoyera-ngati chipale;
- Miyuki Little King - mitundu yomwe ikukula mwachangu ndi maluwa rasipiberi;
- Luteous Forb ndi mitundu yaying'ono yokhala ndi zonunkhira zonunkhira bwino kwambiri.
Chithunzichi cha Cattleya
Zoweta za Cattleya ndi mitundu ina ya maluwa otchuka ndizofala. Leocattles - zotsatira za kukonzanso ndi akakombo, kusintha kosakanizidwa ndi brassavola kunapangitsa kuti ma brassoleliocattles awonekere. Kutenga gawo la sofronix kunakhala ngati mawonekedwe a sofrolileocattles, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wowala wa inflorescences ndi kukula kompositi. Mtundu wosakanizika ndi chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa majini anayi omwe afotokozedwera pamwambapa.
