Zimphona zakale za elms ndi mbewu zomwe ndizovuta kuziyerekeza. Koma chifukwa cha kupangidwe kovuta kwanthawi yayitali komanso kusamalira mosamalitsa, mitengo imeneyi imapezeka masiku ano pakati pa mbewu zamkati. Luso la bonsai limapanga ntchito zenizeni zojambulajambula kuchokera ku elms. Kukulitsa mzipinda zogona sikophweka, koma ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika, elms imakhala kunyada kwa aliyense wosonkhetsa.
Elm Bonsai Wamng'ono.
Elm-leaved elm - mtundu wamkati wa nthano yakale yaku China
Mwachilengedwe, izi ndizodabwitsa komanso zokongola, komanso kukula kwa zimphona zomwe zili ndi amtundu wake zimasilira. Ngakhale m'munda wamtunda, ma elms amakhala amtchire okongola kokha m'malo ambiri. Zosadabwitsa kuti ma elms omwe amatha kubzala kunyumba nthawi zonse amawoneka ngati chozizwitsa chochepa, chomera chokhacho chokha. Zojambula za Bonsai zimathandizira "kukongoletsa" zokongola zakale, ndikusunga mawonekedwe ofunikira a mitengo iyi - mawonekedwe okongola a masamba ndi masamba osadziwika.
Kugawa kwamalandira mtundu umodzi wokha - elm-elved elm (Ulmus parvifolia). Mitunduyi ndi ya banja la Vyazov la dzina lomweli. Pazikhalidwe zam'chipinda, elm-waved wa lodziwika amatchedwanso Chinese elm, elm, ndi bark birch. Ili ndiye vuto lakum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, lomwe limapezeka kwambiri ku China.
Zomera zamkati zimawoneka ngati zakale komanso mitengo yakale kwambiri yazing'ono. Mwina ndizovuta kupeza chomera china chomwe chikuwonetsa bwino kwambiri zotsatira za ukalamba ngati elm. Ndiwotchi yaying'ono yomwe imalola okonda ma novice kuti achite bwino, komanso mabwana a bonsai kuti awonetse luso lawo ndikupanga mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yopanga mawonekedwe. Kutalika, nsapato zazing'ono zazing'ono zoterezi ndizochepa 15-80 cm, zomwe "kukula" kwake mpaka 25 m kumawoneka kodabwitsa.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha ma elms, chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri a bonsai, ndi nthambi zake zowoneka bwino komanso masamba ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga zokopa zazing'ono zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi zokongoletsera. Khungwa loyera, losalala, ndi timitengo tofiirira tating'ono timakongoletsa kapangidwe kake kamtengo. Ndi zaka, makungwa samangokhala, komanso masamba. Zipsera zimangokhala m'malo osakoka mwamphamvu ndi waya, nthawi zina zimapangidwa makamaka kuti zitheke kwambiri.
Masamba a elm wocheperako pang'ono ndi ochepa kwambiri: mchipinda chamchipinda nthawi zambiri samakula kuposa 2 cm. Ovoid kapena mawonekedwe ozungulira, m'mphepete mwamphamvu, mtundu wobiriwira koma wopanda wotuwa ndikuwala kowala kumatsindika kukongola kwa elm greenery. Masamba okhala ndi mphukira samakhala mwamphamvu, nthambi zimawoneka bwino pansi pawo, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wothokoza ndi kukongola kwa silhouette ndi mizere. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, nyengo ya chisanu imagwa masamba, omwe amachepetsa kukongoletsa kwa mbewu, koma nthawi yopumula ya elms imangokhala mpaka February, pomwe mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kukhazikika. Inde, komanso kutentha firiji, elm imatha kusunga masamba mpaka mphukira zatsopano zitakula, kenako mwachangu komanso mwachangu (makamaka, nyengo yachisanu ikakhala yotentha, mbewuyo imakhala ngati yobiriwira nthawi zonse).
Nthawi yamaluwa ya elms muchipinda chikhalidwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi "zizolowezi" zake ndi kutentha kwake. Elm nthawi zambiri limamasula kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kugwa. Koma ngati kutentha kwa nthawi yozizira sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, maluwa sangathe kudikirira, kumayang'anira nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwachikhalidwe. Ma elamu ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa maluwa okongola kwambiri. Maluwa yaying'ono, okongola, omwe ndimangofuna kuwona kudzera mu galasi lokulitsa, amawoneka ofunikira limodzi ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo zipatso zambiri mukakhwima maluwa, mbewuyo imafika mpaka pachimake pakukongoletsa kwake.
Home Elm Care
Ma elamu ocheperako si mitundu yovuta kwambiri ya bonsai. Amakhulupirira kuti chomera ichi chimayanjanitsidwa bwino ngakhale chisamaliro chosayenera, koma zonena izi sizowona konse. Kwa elm, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira osati malo otentha kwambiri, ndikuwunikira kosalekeza, ndikupeza mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. Chomera sichimakonda kuthirira kwamadzi. Koma sizosavuta kusankha boma labwino kuthirira, ndipo nthawi zambiri elm imakonzekera zodabwitsa, nthawi zina kugwetsa masamba, ndiye kudabwitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake owopsa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyambitsa bonsai iyi kwa alimi odziwa zambiri, kwa iwo omwe amatha kuwunika mavuto ndikuchita panthawi yake kukonza zomwe akukonza.
Gawo lolimba kwambiri la kukula kwa nsombazi ndikusankha bwino kwa mbewu. Ma bonsai ambiri omwe amapezeka kuchokera kwa abambo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi makhwala ndi maluwa obzala mumsewu omwe nthawi yozizira imazungulira ndikukongoletsa masitepe ndi minda. Ndizilunguzi, zobadwira kumapiri aku Japan ndi zigawo zakumpoto kwa China, zomwe zimawoneka masamba obiriwira ang'ono ndi nthawi yophukira yomwe imagwera kumapeto kwa nyengo yamunda. Mitengo ya elm yokha yomwe imayambira kumwera kwa Japan, kumwera kwa China ndi Taiwan, yomwe imakonda kwambiri kutentha, kutaya kapena kutaya masamba pang'ono nthawi yozizira, sikuti ndiyo nyumba, osawoneka bwino. Mwa kumveketsa chiyambi, mumachotsa mwayi wogula bonsai mumsewu yomwe sinasinthidwe pang'ono ndi zipinda.
Elm Bonsai Wamng'ono.
Kuyatsa kwa elm wa ana oyenda pansi
Mlingo wa kuunikira umakhudza mwachindunji kukongoletsa kwa ma elms. Ndipo imafunika kukhazikika mchaka chonse osadalira. Ma Elms ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda kuwala, koma masamba obiriwira amatetezedwa bwino ku dzuwa. Kuti zisungidwe bwino monga nthawi yozizira, mbewu zimafunikira kupita kumalo owala ndi mawindo kapena zowunikira. Elm sakonda kuwunikira kwathunthu, koma kuwunikira kowonjezereka kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazomera zomwe zimasunga masamba.
Ma elamu ang'ono-ang'ono amatha kusinthika mwanjira zowoneka bwino kwambiri mwachilengedwe, mawonekedwe a bonsai amakhala opepuka pakuwunika kosakwanira.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Ma elamu ocheperako amavomerezedwa bwino ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha, komwe, kwenikweni, sikwachilendo kwa ambiri ampikisano omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kupeza bonsai. Koma kusinthasintha kotereku komanso kulimba mtima kuli ndi vuto lake. Ma Elms sakonda kwenikweni kutentha ndipo amamva bwino m'zipinda zozizira ngakhale nthawi yotentha. Pakutentha, masamba a mbewuyo amakhala povutirapo, ngati kuti mbewuyo imakopa fumbi lokha, ndipo mwina mungataye masamba onsewo. Zomwe zili pansipa madigiri 5 a chipinda chotenthetsera elm chaching'ono-cha-mozoni mwa bonsai sichitha, koma mwina sichingafanane ndi kutentha mpaka madigiri 22. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kupereka dontho la kutentha madigiri angapo, koma elm imatha kuvomerezana ndi kutentha kwazonse.
Amakhulupirira kuti kuponya masamba kumadalira mwachindunji kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira, masamba ofunda mu chipinda chotentha amatha kukhalabe mpaka koronayo atasinthidwa masika, koma kwenikweni izi ndizofunikira: chiyambi, kukula kwa mbewu zoyambirira za amayi, ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa nyengo kumathandizanso kutsika kapena kuteteza masamba. m'magawo oyambilira a mapangidwe a bonsai. Pogula, gawo ili nthawi zonse limakhala bwino kumveketsa, komanso kutentha pang'ono komwe elm mu mawonekedwe a bonsai amatha kupirira (elms ochokera kumpoto kwa China ali mumsewu ndipo ngakhale bonsai amatha kupirira zisanu mpaka -5, mosiyana ndi ena mkati.
Chovuta kwambiri posankha momwe angakhalire ndi elm yaying'ono ndikumverera kosayenda kwa mpweya. Elm siili bwino kungosunthira mpweya wabwino, khonde kapena dimba nthawi yonse yotentha (kutenthako kuli pamwamba 8-10 madigiri usiku), komanso kuyikanso pamalo pomwe chomera chimakhala ndi mwayi wosangalatsa pafupipafupi.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Ma Elms amafunika kuthirira mosamala kwambiri. Chomera sichilekerera kuthirira kwamadzi, kusefukira kwa madzi, kusungunuka kwamadzi mu poto, koma nthawi yomweyo kumakonda chinyezi chokwanira cha gawo lapansi. Mukamathirira, madzi amathiridwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndikuwona momwe gawo lapansi lonyira. Pakati pa njirazi zamphongo, muyenera kupukuta dothi pafupifupi theka. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, chinyezi cha nthaka chizikhala chotsika osati chochepa, dothi liyenera kukhala louma nthawi zonse, mosasamala kutentha kwa mpweya.
Zinyumba zam'nyumba ndizosagwira chinyezi. Pokhapokha ngati chomera chikutentha, ndibwino kuti muwonjezere chinyezi champhamvu.
Kukula elm wachichepere wocheperako mkati mwa nyumba machitidwe a bonsai.
Kuvala kwa Bonsai Elm
Mosiyana ndi ambiri ampikisano, otchuka mu mawonekedwe a bonsai, elm amakonda dothi lachonde ndipo amafunitsitsa kuvala kwapamwamba. Chomera sichidyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wa bonsai, koma ndi feteleza wamba wachilengedwe wazomera, kuzisintha, ngati nkotheka, feteleza wachilengedwe.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika chaka chonse, ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Kwa elm, kuchuluka kwa njira izi ndizoyenera - 1 nthawi m'masabata 2-3. Kwa nthawi yonse yopuma, pafupipafupi mavalidwe apamwamba amachepetsedwa 1 nthawi pamwezi. Kuchepetsa kapena kuyimitsa kuvala kwapamwamba mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembala kumakupatsani mwayi wowala, osati wachikasu, koma wamkuwa wa masamba a malimwe, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu pokhapokha ngati nthawi yozizira ili bwino.
Kudulira Elm
Pazikhalidwe zam'chipinda, elm samangofunika kudulira mwakufuna, koma mapangidwe pafupipafupi ndi chakudya. Mtengowo sukulimbana ndi tsitsi lowoneka bwino, makamaka ngati panali zosiyidwa mwanjira zonse ndipo mbewuyo idali yayitali kapena kukulitsidwa, idataya mawonekedwe okongola. Ma Elms amadulidwa kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, amayang'ana kukula kwa mbewuyo payekha, koma malamulo amenewo ndiovomerezeka kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Nthambi zakale komanso zakuda amazidulira pokhapokha nthawi yophukira kapena nthawi yachisanu. Kwa elm, mphukira iliyonse imaloledwa kukula osapitilira 4, kenako imafupikitsidwa pa tsamba loyamba kapena lachiwiri.
Silika, njira yakukula, kupindika kwa nthambi ndi thunthu zimayendetsedwa ndi matanda otambasuka ndi kukulunga waya. Pa nsanja, kukulunga ndikukhwimitsa sikuti zomvetsa chisoni, chifukwa chake amatero munthawi yogwira ntchito. Mawaya kapena mitsinje itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yokhala matalala, kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Ma Elms, ngakhale ali aang'ono kwambiri, samasinthidwa osati chaka chilichonse, koma zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Zomera zachikale zimasungidwa kawirikawiri momwe zingathekere, kuyembekezera chizindikiro chosowa nthaka yabwino.
Ma elm ocheperako ngati mawonekedwe a bonsai amathanso kuwaika mchaka chokha.
Zomera izi, monga momwe zimagwirira feteleza, sikofunikira kufunafuna gawo lina lapadera la bonsai. Ma Elms adakulidwa munthaka yonse - yopepuka, yotayirira, yopatsa thanzi komanso yapamwamba kwambiri.
Mukaziika, kwa elm aliyense waku China, mizu imayenera kudulira. Mizu ya Elm ndiyakuda kwambiri komanso yomangika. Amadulidwa, akuletsa kukula kwake, kukula ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe okongola.
Matenda ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono
Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono timayang'aniridwa kuti ndife ofala pachikhalidwe chamkati. Choopsa chachikulu cha bonsai chikuyimiriridwa ndi kafadala komanso graphiosis, komwe nkosatheka kuthana ndi mbewu zamkati. Matenda pafupifupi nthawi zambiri amachitika asanagule. Ndiosavuta kuthana ndi nkhupakupa zofiira, dzimbiri, mbozi, zomwe zikulimbana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso fungicides.
Elm Bonsai Wamng'ono.
Kufalikira kwa elm wocheperako
Zovala zamkati zimafalitsidwa pokhapokha zodulidwa. Kudulira pafupipafupi kumakupatsani mwayi wopezera zofunika kuzika mizu pafupipafupi. Zidutswa za Elm zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachikhalidwe ndi zokupatsani mphamvu, zobzalidwa mu michere yothira pang'onopang'ono pamakona, ndikuzika ndi kutentha pansi pa hood. Mizu yodziwika bwino sinthawi yofulumira, koma mbewu zazing'ono zimakula mwachangu. Kusintha kumayamba pambuyo pa elm amapanga masamba atatu. Zidutswa zimabzalidwa mumizimba ya anthu omwe ali ndi mizu yoyang'anira pokhapokha mutazika mizu.
