Zolocha m'misewu yam'mizinda ndi m'mapaki - mimbulu ya mahatchi, imatha kuwoneka m'malo ambiri apanjira yapakati. Mtengowu umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa, chifukwa umakongoletsa kwambiri nyengo yonse yotentha. M'nyengo yotentha imakhala ndi mthunzi wosalala, nthawi ya masika imaphukira bwino komanso kosayiwalika, m'dzinja limakondwera ndi zipatso zambiri zokongoletsa. Masamba amtengowo akuwonetsedwa pazizindikiro zamizinda yamayiko ambiri. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri ku Germany, Czech Republic ndi Ukraine.
Kufotokozera kwa mtengo wamatumba
Mtengowu ndi mtengo waukulu wokulirapo, wotalika mamitala 30 mpaka 35. Umasinthidwa bwino nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe chouma, chifukwa chake, umakongoletsa malo owoneka a mzinda pamalire a mzere wapakati kuchokera kum'mwera kupita kumpoto kumpoto. Ndioyimira mtundu womwewo, koma osagwirizana ndi mitundu yomwe imapereka zipatso zabwino.
Mtengo wa Chestnut - kofotokozera:
- Photophilous;
- chisoti chachifumu chikuwonetsedwa;
- mbiya ndi cylindrical wokhazikika;
- mizu ndi yofunikira;
- masamba osemphana ndi masamba a 5 ovate kutalika kwa 15-30 cm;
- inflorescence panicle ndi maluwa oyera owala maudzu a 20-40;
- bokosi lama zipatso ndi 1 nati mkati.
Limamasula mu Meyi, limayamba kumasulidwa, kenako maluwa. Nthawi yamaluwa ikatha, ndipo imatha milungu iwiri, zipatso 1-3 zimapangidwa pa burashi iliyonse. Mabokosiwo amakhala obiriwira woyamba, ophimbidwa ndi spikes. Pofika nthawi yophukira, amakhala bulauni, osweka ndikuwonetsa nati. Phula laling'ono lofiirira lofiirira lalitali limafikira masentimita 3-4.Ndiwo njira zazikulu zofalitsira mbewu pazilumba za msondodzi wa msondodzi. Zokolola zipitilira mu Ogasiti-Sepemba.
Nthawi yamaluwa, mbewuyo ndi mbewu yabwino ya uchi.
Malo omwe mbewuyo idabadwira ndi Greece. Kuthengo, imapezeka ku Makedonia, Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, m'mapiri a Himalayas, ndikukwera kumtunda wamtunda wamtunda wa 1000 mamita. Itha kumera mu steppe - chifukwa cha mizu yolimba, sikuopa mphepo yamphamvu. Kodi zifuwa zimamera pati? Mwachilengedwe, imakhala pafupi ndi phulusa, beech, alder ndi mitengo ina yabwino. Zimalimidwa m'maiko ambiri a CIS. M'matawuni, mitengo yaying'ono nthawi zambiri imazizira, monga ku St. Makamaka ma chestnuts ambiri ku Kiev.
Momwe mungamere mtedza
Chestnut imakhala yayikulu komanso yayikulu mizu. Amadzalima pamitengo yayikulu, pomwe pali kuwala kwambiri ndipo kulibe nyumba zokhala pafupi. Kodi mukukula bwanji ming'oma kuchokera ku mtedza kwa kuthengo? Chofunikira pakulima bwino ndikukhwimitsa nthangala musanabzale.
Mokulira chipatsocho, chimakulitsa mwayi wokhala mmera wamphamvu
Kukakamira kumatha kukhala kwachilengedwe komanso kochita kupanga. Chipatso cha chestnut chimakhala ndi peel yakuda yomwe imatetezera mphukira mkati. Ndiye chifukwa chake saopa chisanu ndi nyengo yoipa. Koma ndimotenthedwe kutentha kokhako komwe kumakweza mphukira kuti ikhale moyo kwanthawi yayitali. Pansi pazachilengedwe, stratization imachitika m'miyezi yachisanu padziko lapansi, pansi pa masamba.
Kuyenda munjira zosafunikira:
- sankhani zipatso zazikuluzikulu ngati zipatso;
- kuthira mchenga wosanjikiza mumkati wamatabwa;
- ikani zipatsozo mtunda wa 15 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake;
- Thirani mchenga wina pamwamba pa masentimita osachepera 15;
- ikani cellar kapena chapansi mpaka masika.
Ngati mukufuna chodzala chambiri, tengani bokosi lalikulu ndikunyamula zigawo zingapo za mbewu ndikusintha kwa mchenga.
Kodi kumera mgoza mu yokumba zinthu? M'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, kutengera nyengo. Bokosi la mbewu limatengedwa m'chipinda chapansi ndikuyika chipinda chofunda, mutatha kunyowetsa nthaka. Bokosilo liyenera kukhala lotentha kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pake, mtedza umachotsedwa mumchenga ndikuwunyowa m'madzi ofunda kwa masiku 4-6. Panthawi imeneyi, zipatso zimatupa ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti zikumera zitulukire. Madzi mu tank osinthidwa tsiku lililonse.
Ngati nyengo yakunja ndi yozizira komanso kasupeyo ndi wautali, ma chestnuts amatha kubzala m'mzinthu zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi dothi lotalika masentimita 5-7 ndikuthilira madzi ambiri.
Kuti kumera bwino, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 7 ° C.
Ma chestnuts a mahatchi amabala bwino mu vivo. Popanda kuyesetsa kowonjezereka, mutha kupeza chodzala cholimba, ngati mungayang'ane mtedza ndi kuwaswa mwachindunji pansi pa mtengo wachikulire. Amasinthidwa kupita kumalo omwe amafunidwa ndikuwabzala pamalo osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika.
Kukula Zinthu
Mtengo umakula mwachangu ngati upatsidwa bwino. Momwe mungabzala mbatata moyenera? Choyamba, malo omwe akutsikira amayeretsedwa ndi namsongole. Izi zikuyenera kukhala lalikulu masentimita 50 ndi 50. Chomera sichimakonda dothi louma, lamchere kapena lamadzi, kotero malo omwe amabzala amasankhidwa ndi dothi lamchenga kapena chernozem, pomwe pansi panthaka sipakhala pafupi 1 m padziko lapansi.
Mera zophuka zimabzalidwa mu Meyi, pomweopseza chisanu chikuzizira. Chipatsochi chimayikidwa ndi masentimita 5-7, owazidwa ndi dothi ndikufetsedwa, kenako ndikumasulidwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwayika cholembera pambali pake. Nyengo yamvula, dothi lamchenga limafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse kwa mbande zazing'ono nthawi yonse ya chilimwe.
M'nyengo yotentha, mmera umakula mpaka 50-60 cm. Pamwambapo ndiye chithunzithunzi cha mahatchi oyambilira nyengo yoyamba mutabzala. Mtengowu umakhala wopanda tanthauzo pakulima, koma m'zaka zochepa zobiriwira nyengo yachisanu, malo okhala ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu amafunikira. Finyani bwalo lozungulira pamtengo ndi masamba kapena masamba adagwa, ndipo koronayo amakulungidwa ndi zinthu zamtundu wa spunbond, koma pokhapokha ngati kungatheke kukhazikitsa chisanu champhamvu, simuyenera kuchita izi pasadakhale.
Ngati mtengo womwe wabzalidwa pamalowo ndi wokulirapo, ndipo mizu yokhala ndi nthambi yolimba siyingalepheretse mbewu zina kukula, imafupikitsidwa. Chitani izi pa mbande zazing'ono, podulira pang'ono pakati. Izi zimapereka chilimbikitso chothandizira kukhazikitsa njira zamkati, zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa mtengowo kumphepo zamphamvu ndikuwongolera zakudya zake.
Kuchokera munjira imeneyi, korona amakhalanso wonenepa komanso wokongoletsa kwambiri. M'madera otentha, momwe mumatha kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa 30 ° ะก, mbande zimabzalidwa mumtunda wopeweka kuti masamba asatenthe. Masamba otentha amasandulika bulauni ndi kupukuta, kumachepetsa kukongola kwa mtengowo.
Mfuwa ya kavalo ndi yabwino chifukwa imakhala kuti sinawonongeke ndi tizilombo komanso matenda. Mu zaka zochepa, imakula kukhala mtengo wokhazikika, korona wake womwe umapereka mthunzi wolandirika kutentha kwadzuwa. Mukakula kutali ndi mzinda, zipatso, inflorescence ndi makungwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mgoza wamahatchi pamaonekedwe
M'mawonekedwe akumatauni, mgoza umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuposa minda yanyumba. Kuchokera pamitengo imakhala mawonekedwe amadzimadzi m'mapaki kapena obzalidwa m'mitundu imodzi kuphatikiza ndi ena odziwika kapena ma conifers. Zikuwoneka bwino m'chithunzichi momwe mtengo wa chestnut umamasulira komanso momwe umakongoletsedwera nthawi imeneyi.
Mtengowo ndi wa nthawi yayitali, mwachilengedwe umakhala zaka 300, chifukwa chake umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo. Masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri yamatumbo a mahatchi wamba. Mitundu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a korona wowonekera imawoneka yokongoletsa makamaka. Pali ma subspecies amtundu wa chitsamba, omwe amafika mamita awiri okha kutalika, pali mitengo yaying'ono ndi mitundu yonse. Zonsezi zimakwanira bwino pamtunda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku minda yosakhazikika kupita ku Chingerezi ndi French.
