Mliri woyambira anthu okhala chilimwe ndi kuchepa kwampangidwe komanso chonde m'nthaka. Kaloti ndi beets zimakhala zopanda vuto, tomato nthawi zambiri amadwala ndikuchepetsa zokolola ndi zipatso, anyezi amawola nyengo yachisanu, ndi zina zambiri. Pofuna kukhalabe zokolola zambiri zamasamba, wamaluwa ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri feteleza (nthawi zambiri amangokhala ochepa okha), herbicides, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ena. Koma zimangokulitsa chonde m'nthaka, zimachepetsa zachilengedwe ndikupitilizabe kuumba. Siderata ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri pantchito yachilengedwe, yomwe imapereka zokolola zambiri popanda mankhwala. Zomwe siderata kufesa mu kugwa, nkhani yathu.
Autumn siderates m'munda.
Kodi chonde chayamba kuchepa bwanji?
Izi zimachitika chifukwa pali kusagwirizana ndiukadaulo waulimi:
- nthaka idasefukira chifukwa chakuchotsa zinthu zomwezo ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chidakulitsidwa pamalo amodzi nthawi yayitali;
- zimathandizira kuchulukana kwa tizirombo ndi matenda omwe samakhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi, koma banja lathunthu (nightshade, mtanda ndi ena), kulima kwawo m'malo amodzi kwa nyengo zingapo motsatana;
- Amawononga kwambiri dothi lapansi ndi kapangidwe kake potentha zinyalala zanyengo. Kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kumayambitsa nthaka
Pofuna kuti nthaka isachulukane, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa ndikuwonjezera zochulukitsa zachilengedwe m'nthaka. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi izi:
- sinthani pakulima kwa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza mulching nthaka ndi zatsalira zomera. Pophika, gwiritsani ntchito zotsalira za mbewu zamasamba ndi maudzu (makamaka osasankhidwa), udzu, masamba agwa, humus, kompositi.
- Pakupukula yophukira, yambitsani manyowa mwadongosolo (mwatsopano ndi theka-kucha), humus, vermicompostopezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa EM chikhalidwe ndi munjira zina.
- Posachedwa, ochulukira akhazikitsidwa pantchito zaulimi ukadaulo wapawiriWokhoza kukonza munthawi yochepa kapangidwe kake, nthaka komanso chonde m'nthaka, kuphatikiza nthaka yachilengedwe, ndikuwonjezera zochuluka m'nthaka.
Udindo wa manyowa obiriwira m'nthaka yachonde
Zomera za Sidereal kapena siderate zadzipangira okha feteleza wabwino munthaka. Amadziwikanso feteleza wobiriwira. Pakulima kwachilengedwe, manyowa obiriwira ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo yobwezeretsanso chonde m'nthaka.
Siderata ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana kapena mbewu zosakanikirana, nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa, ndikupanga mizu yamphamvu komanso chomera chobiriwira chomera mwachangu pamtunda. Manyowa obiriwira manyowa amasula dothi, makamaka lolemera (loamy chernozems), limapereka zotsalira zambiri, ndipo chambiri pamwambapa chimagwira ngati chosungira chisanu, mutachithinya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch kapena chololedwa m'nthaka ngati feteleza wobiriwira.
Siderata pamalopo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma Siderat:
- kumasula nthaka (rye, oats, wogwiriridwa, mpiru, etc.),
- kutulutsa dothi Kuchokera kwa nkhanambo, zowola, mawayilesi (zosakaniza zobzala manyowa obiriwira radish + canola + mpiru ndi kuwonjezera kwa calendula, marigold, oats),
- onjezerani chonde ndi kumasula kwa dothi lolumikizira (suti yotsekemera, alfalfa, vetch, osakaniza vetch-oat, vetch ndi rye, mpiru ndi nyemba)
- wa mulch (alfalfa, vetch, phacelia ndi zikhalidwe zina zapambuyo),
- kasupe kumbuyo ozizira chitetezo (masamba aliwonse osagwira ozizira),
- kuteteza tizilombo mwanjira zosakanikirana za maluwa (marigold, calendula, lupine, phacelia, melilot). Fungo lawo losakanikirana limayendetsa tizirombo.
Zomera za nyengo yozizira za manyowa obiriwira
Siderata imafesedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana: kasupe, chilimwe, yoyambilira yophukira komanso nyengo yozizira isanachitike. Ndikofunika kupewa kupsa kwa siderates, chifukwa atatha kulowa mu gulu la namsongole. Zabwino zimaperekedwa ndikutchetcha kwawo pamtunda wa pamwamba pamtunda wa 20-30 masentimita kapena nthawi yophukira.
Kubzala m'nyengo yachisanu ya manyowa obiriwira kumakhala ndi zabwino zingapo:
- imamasuka nthawi yofesa ndikubzala mbewu zam'munda zoyambirira kasupe (kabichi koyambirira, kaloti, mbatata zoyambirira ndi zina),
- imachulukitsa nthawi ya kukhalapo kwa siderates m'nthaka (mpaka Meyi), yomwe imagwira bwino ntchito ngati kumasula kwa mizu ya mbewu, kumasulidwanso kwa mchere wofunikira pakuchepetsa mbewu,
- Unyinji wobiriwira wonenepa umakhala zithunzi zabwino kuchokera dzuwa lotentha lanyengo ndikubwerera nyengo yozizira, ndipo ndikatchetcha imakhalanso mulch.
Tsekani pafupi manyowa obiriwira m'mundamo.
Tekinoloji yofesa nyengo yachisanu ya manyowa obiriwira
Kutengera ndi kukula kwa mbewu, manyowa obiriwira amabzalidwa pakati pa 2 cm ndikufesedwa. Kunenepa kumakhala kwabwinoko.
- Kubzala nyengo yachisanu nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwachisawawa pakubzala mosadukiza komanso m'njira wamba m'maluwa omwe amapezeka pakati pa mizere yamtsogolo ya chikhalidwe.
- Kubzala nyengo yachisanu kwa siderates kumachitika mukatha kukolola komaliza kwa mbewu.
- Bedi lopanda kanthu limatsukidwa masamba ndi udzu wopanda matenda.
- Ngati dothi latha kwambiri, feteleza wa nitroammophoska kapena phosphorous-potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wa 30-40 g / sq. m
- Ngati ndi kotheka, amakumba ndi masentimita 20-25. Mukalima popanda kukumba dothi, malowo amayeretsedwa ndi namsongole ndi chithandizo pamtunda.
- Ngati dothi louma kwambiri pamtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10, kuthirira kumachitika musanafesere manyowa obiriwira.
- Mukakolola koyambirira, manyowa obiriwira amafesedwa kawiri. Kubzala koyamba mu yophukira kumachitika mu Ogasiti ndi mbewu yokhala ndi nthawi yochepa yophukira (nyemba, nandolo, barele ndi ena). Pamwamba pamaliridwe pamakhala kutalika kwa 20-25 masentimita. Udzu wobiriwirawu umalowetsedwa pansi m'nthaka, pomwe nthawi imayamba kuwola nyengo isanayambe kuzizira. Kuwonongeka kwa achinyamata obiriwira misa kumasula mchere wokwanira ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumapangitsa nthaka kukhala yachilengedwe.
- Podzimniy, kufesa kwachiwiri kwa mbewu zoyambirira zomwe zakololedwa ndipo imodzi yoyamba ya mbewu zam'tsogolo, kumachitika ndi nyengo yozizira m'zaka khumi ndi zitatu za Seputembara-khumi oyambira October (melilot, vetch, rye yozizira ndi ena). Siderata amakwanitsa kukhala ndi mizu yabwino komanso yolimba kwambiri pamtunda wa 5-10 masentimita kapena kupitirira kutazizira nyengo yachisanu. Nthawi zina, ndikabzala mochedwa, mbewuyo ilibe nthawi yopanga misa yophulika yophukira. Idzakula msanga. Pamwambapa pamtunda womwe amaphukira nyengo yophukira amateteza chipale chofewa nthawi yozizira, chimateteza ku kukokoloka kwa mphepo, ndipo mchaka chamadzuwa, manyowa obiriwira ochulukirapo amateteza kukokoloka kwa chinyontho, kusungitsa nthaka.
Chapakatikati, musanabzale kapena kufesa mbewu zazikulu, manyowa obiriwira nthawi yachisanu amabzalidwa m'nthaka ndikubzala kosatha. Mukabzala manyowa obiriwira m'nthaka, ndikofunikira kuti musakokere chomeracho ndi unyinji wobiriwira. Pamadothi okhala ndi acidified atatha microflora yopindulitsa, masamba obiriwira sangathe kukonzedwa munthawi yake ndi microflora yopindulitsa. Zotsalira zazomera zimakhala acidic ndikuyamba kuvunda mu dothi (zimawonongeka ndi fungo loipa). Pamadothi oterowo, ndibwino kusungitsa gawo lina lamiyala yotseguka m'mlengalenga, ndi kudzaza nthaka m'nthaka.
Ndikofunika kuti ndikadula zinthu zakuthambo ndikumapitilira kwa nyemba zobiriwira ndikuzisiya panthaka. Wophimbidwa ndi mulch nthaka kumapangitsa kuti mizu m'nthaka yake igwere mofulumira. Pakatha milungu 2-4, mutha kubzala kapena kubzala mbewu zoyambirira.
Ndi kufesa wamba (rocker) mchaka, chimangirizo chimadulidwa, ndikuponyedwa m'mizere, ndikufesedwa munthaka ndipo patatha masabata 2-3 mbewu zazikulu m'munda zimabzalidwa kapena kufesedwa m'mizereyi.
Bedi lamabichi limabzalidwa ndi clover.
Zomera za Sidereal za nthawi yozizira
Kusankhidwa kwa manyowa obiriwira kapena zosakaniza kumadalira chizindikiro cha dothi komanso chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri m'munda. Mukamasankha mbewu za m'munda, simungabzale banja limodzi ndi mbewu yomweyi. Mwachitsanzo, gwiritsani ntchito chigololo kapena kugwiriridwa ngati siderat pansi pa kabichi (komanso wa banja lopachikidwa).
Zomera za Sidereal ziyenera kusankhidwa pasadakhale molingana ndi momwe zimakhudzira nthaka ndi mbewu yayikulu.
Kwa mbatata, tomato, nkhaka, zukini, biringanya, tsabola wokoma, siderates abwino komanso otsogola ndi rye, oats, lupine, radish mafuta, mpiru, seradella, wokoma clover.
Kwa beets, kaloti, nyemba, zabwino kwambiri mpiru, kugwiririra, radish mafuta, wogwiriridwa, nandolo, vetch. Amathandizira kumasula kwa dothi lolemera, lotopetsa, kuponderezedwa kwa namsongole. Patsani zomerazo chakudya chokwanira kuchokera ku mchere wambiri wobiriwira.
Gulu la siderates lomwe limateteza dothi ku zowonongeka za bakiteriya ndipo tizirombo tina timaphatikizanso osakaniza a oatmeal, wogwiriridwa, nyemba, phacelia, pachaka chaka chilichonse. Ali abwino kuphika dothi lowonda ndi otsogola abwino kwambiri a dzungu (zukini, nkhaka, dzungu) ndi mbewu za nightshade (phwetekere, tsabola wa belu, biringanya).
Tichiritsa bwino dothi pogwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi ndi maatomu mukagwiritsa ntchito manyowa obiriwira monga mpiru, radish mafuta, calendula, nasturtium.
Pamadothi osaloledwa ndi madera omwe madzi akokoloka, zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi mbewu za banja zilizonse zomwe zimakhazikika pamtanda zomwe zimapanga mizu yolimba (phacelia, kugwiririra, kugwiririra, radish, mpiru). Nthawi yomweyo, ndi omwe amatsogolera mbatata, chimanga, mbewu yachisanu.
Pamadothi omata mopitilira muyeso, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu zomwe zimafuna chinyontho chachikulu (seradella, lupine) ngati siderates, komanso panthaka youma yosagwirizana ndi chilala (chiwawa, kugwiririra, kugwiririra, phacelia).
Pa dothi lodzazidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, zofunika kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi michere ina, mbewu zabwino za manyowa abwino ndizomera (vetch, alfalfa, nandolo, nyemba zamasamba), mtanda Zomwe zili pamwambazi sizingochepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zina kapena zosakanikirana zina ngati siderates. Chachikulu ndikudziwa ntchito yofunika mukamabweretsa manyowa obiriwira kuzungulira kwa mbewu zaminda.
