Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa kukongola kowoneka bwino ndi cosmea, komwe amalimidwa ndi aliyense. Chachikulu ndikumvetsetsa nthawi yobzala maluwa mosazindikira. Izi zodziwika bwino pachaka zimapezeka kulikonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika malo osati malo am'deralo, komanso makina amtchire ndi makama amaluwa. Ngakhale dzina la chomera limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "zokongoletsera". Maluwa a cosmea, kubzala kwawo, chisamaliro ndi zithunzi nthawi zambiri amakambidwa pamabungwe azithunzi. Ndiye, bwanji ndipo liti kubzala cosmea?
Madeti ndi ukadaulo wofesa
Mutha kubzala cosmea pamalo anu onse pofesa mwachindunji nthanga panthaka, komanso kudzera mmera. Poyambirira, lidzaphuka mu Julayi, lachiwiri - mu June. Kuti mumvetse bwino nthawi yomwe muyenera kubzala cosmea mukamakula kuchokera pambewu yomera, muyenera kudziwa zotsatirazi:
- Mtengowo ndi thermophilic, koma umatha kulekerera chisanu chochepa.
- Kumera mbewu kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
- Kutentha kwambiri pambewu zosenda ndi 12-15 °.
Poganizira zinthu zonsezi, titha kunena kuti mutha kubzala cosmea poyera kale koyambirira kwa Meyi. Chifukwa cha kuyika kwake, madera otseguka ndi dzuwa komanso dothi labwino komanso loyatsidwa bwino ndi abwino.
Mukamasankha malo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti amatetezedwa kuti asatengeke ndi mphepo yamkuntho yochokera kumpoto.
Ndi m'malo oterowo pomwe chomera chimatha kuwulula zonse zomwe zingathe kuchita ndipo chimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ambiri mpaka ozizira. Ndiye tinaphunzira nthawi yodzala cosmea panthaka ndikamera kuchokera pa mbewu, ndipo mawu oti kulima mbande ndi otani?
Ndi njira yodzala mbewu, nyemba za cosmea zofesedwa theka lachigawo la Marichi. Amangopanikizidwa pang'ono m'nthaka yopanda michere, ndikuthiriridwa. Kutentha kwa 18 mpaka 20 °, mbande zimawonekera mkati mwa masiku 10. Poyamba, zikumera sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Masamba enieni akaoneka mbande, amazidulira m'miyala yambiri kapena makapu amodzi. Kuti mbewu zisatambasule, kutentha kumachepetsedwa kukhala 16-18 ° C.
Kuti tipewe nthawi yambiri yotola, kufesa mutha kuchitika m'miphapu za mbewu zingapo.
Kulima cosmea kuchokera kumbewu yofesa mwachindunji m'malo ovuta sikovuta kwambiri. Mbewu zofesedwa zitakonzedwa kale. Poterepa, njira yodzala mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, njere zimagawidwa panthaka ndi zisa za zidutswa zingapo. Pambuyo pake, amangoluma manja awo pang'ono.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Kubzala ndi kusamalira kosmey pamalo otseguka kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndi njira yodzala mbewu, ana ang'onoang'ono amabzalidwa theka lotsatira la Meyi. Iwayikeni mumabowo ang'onoang'ono motalikirana ndi 30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mutabzala, mbewu zimamwe madzi ambiri.
Maphunziro ataliatali a cosmea amafuna chithandizo. Ikani kwambiri mutangobzala.
Mbewu zikafika kutalika kwa theka la mita, tsitsani pamwamba. Njirayi imathandizira kupendekeka bwino komanso maluwa ambiri.
Kusamalira cosmea kumakhalanso ndi kuthirira nthawi yake, kumasula nthaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Komanso musaiwale za kuchotsa kwa udzu munthawi yake. Kuthirira cosmea sikuyenera kuchitika mopitilira kamodzi pa sabata. Mizu yake yamphamvu imachotsa chinyezi ngakhale kuchokera pansi kwambiri.
Popewa kupangidwa kwa dothi kutumphuka, nthaka ikamaliza kumumitsidwa. Kuti tisunge nthawi, kumasula kungaphatikizidwe ndi kuchotsa. Kuvala koyenera panthawi yake kumathandiza kuti mawonekedwe azomera azikhala bwino komanso kuti maluwa azikhala otulutsa maluwa.
Koyamba feteleza amamugwiritsa ntchito masabata awiri mutathira mbande. Chifukwa cha izi, ma mineral complexes onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yachiwiri mu budding gawo, lachitatu - pa maluwa.
Ndi kusefukira kwamphamvu kwamasamba, mutha kuwononga tsitsi lawo. Imapatsa mbewu mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kudulira mitengo yophulika sikuyenera kupitirira 30 cm, pomwe maluwa otuluka kale akuyenera kugweramo.
Cosmea sikuti ndizomera komanso zosagonjetseka kotero kuti siwonongeka konse ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Kuopsa kwake kwa mbande zake ndikungolira chabe. Ndikosavuta kuwawononga, mumatauni omwe mumangofunika kuwaza kukonzekera kwapadera. Ndi ochepa tizirombo, amatha kusungidwa pamanja.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa a cosmea ndi chithunzithunzi. Chikhalidwe ichi chimalimbikitsa kufesa pokha, mutabzala kamodzi m'malo mwake, kwa zaka zambiri mudzasangalala ndi mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, ochulukirapo komanso otalika.
