Matenda

Physalis (Physalis) ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wabanja laling'ono. Amaphatikiza mitundu pafupifupi 120. Fiziki imatha kupezeka kuthengo ku Europe, America ndi Asia. Physalis amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki kuti "bubble", dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a calyx yomwe ikukula, yopakidwa utoto wofiirira. Maluwa oterewa amatchedwanso buluu ya emerald, chidutswa cha zipatso, cranberries, cysticus ndi marunka. Duwa ili ndilofanana kwambiri ndi tomato, chifukwa mbewu izi ndizoyimira banja limodzi. Komabe, kubzala ndi kusamalira physalis ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi tomato.

Mawonekedwe a thupi

Physalis ndi udzu pachaka kapena osatha. Mphukira yopindika imatha kuphukidwa, kupindika kolowera kapena kuima. Amakhala opanda kanthu kapena ali ndi kufupika pang'ono kumtunda. Kutalika kwa zimayambira kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0,2 mpaka 1,2 m. Pang'onopang'ono, mphukira pansi pake imakhala yolimba. Ma plates a masamba amapezeka mosiyanasiyana, pomwe pansi pa mphukira amamangiriridwa limodzi kapena pafupi ndi inzake. Maluwa amodzi a axillary amakula kutalika konse kwa mphukira. Makapu owoneka ngati belu adapangidwa utoto wokhazikika, mkati mwake muli zipatso zazipatso ziwiri zokhala ndi utoto wofiira kapena lalanje - awa ndi zipatso zonunkhira za physalis. Chomerachi chimakongoletsedwa, ngakhale kuti zipatso zake zamitundu yambiri zimakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri ndipo zimatha kudyedwa. Physalis osatha amatchedwa nyali yaku China, chomera chotere chimawoneka ngati chachikulu pampando wachisanu.

Kukula physalis kuchokera ku mbewu

Kufesa

Ngati physalis yakula m'dera lotentha, ndiye kufesa kuyenera kuchitika mwachindunji. Duwa limakhala lozizira, lopatsa zipatso komanso lozindikira. Imafalikira mosavuta podzibyala, pomwe wolimayo amangofunikira kutulutsa mbande zake panthawi yake. Mbewu zimagwira ntchito kwa zaka 4. Mbewu zisanafesedwe, mbewuzo zimayenera kuziyika munkhokwe yamchere (5%) kwakanthawi. Mbewu zoyenda pansi ziyenera kusungidwa ndikuchotsedwa, zofanana ndi kukhazikika, ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikusungidwa mumdima wapinki wa potaziyamu kwa mphindi 30. Pambuyo pake, amasambitsidwanso ndikuuma. Kufesa mbewu panthaka ziyenera kuchitika mu Epulo kapena masiku oyamba a Meyi. Iyenera kudulidwamo kukhala poyambira, pomwe ikufuna kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu sizili zokuta, kutalikirana kwa mzere ziyenera kukhala mamitala 0.3. Pambuyo pakuwoneka mbande, ziyenera kudulilidwa, ndikuwonetsetsa mtunda wa pafupifupi 25 sentimita pakati pawo. Ngati mungafune, mbande zomwe zang'ambika zibzalidwe pamalo ena, zimazika mizu mwachangu komanso bwino, zimawonekera nthawi ina. Kubzala kumatha kuchitidwa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike ndikuchita mu Okutobala.

Mbande

Pakati patali, mbewuyi imakulidwa kokha kudzera mbande. Achilengedwe olimidwa mwanjira imeneyi amabala zipatso m'mbuyomu kuposa zomwe zabzalidwa panthaka. Kufesa kumachitika milungu isanu ndi umodzi isanafike tsiku lobzala panthaka. Kuti mupeze izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zamtundu umodzi, zomwe voliyumu yake ndiyofanana ndi 500 ml. Muthanso kubzala mbewu m'mabokosi, kutsatira dongosolo 6x8, pomwe mbande zotere sizifunikira kutola. Musanafese, mbewu kwa mphindi 30. kumizidwa mu yankho lamphamvu la potaziyamu permanganate. Mutabzala, zitsalazo zimatsukidwa pamalo otentha (pafupifupi madigiri 20), mbande zimayenera kuwonekera patatha masiku 7. Ngati muli muli malo otentha, ndiye kuti mbande zimangowonekera pakatha milungu 4. Mmera wamphepowu suyenera kupatsidwa chinyezi komanso mpweya wambiri, chifukwa pena atha kudwala ndi mwendo wakuda. Pokhudzana ndi izi, kukonzekera mpweya wabwino ndikofunikira, ngakhale mukukumbukira kuti akatswiri azachipatala amakumana ndi vuto lolemba. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuwala kobalalira kumafunikira mbewu. Mbewu zikapatsidwa chisamaliro choyenera ndikuwunikira koyenera, ndipo sikukukula kapena kutalika, kumafunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira yothetsera dontho la mbalame (madzi osakanikirana ndi zitosi mu chiyerekezo cha 20: 1), pafupifupi malita 5 a michere yosakaniza ayenera kupitirira 1 lalikulu. Kenako gawo lapansi limathiridwa ndimadzi oyera kuti mbewu zisathenso.

Sankhani

Ngati mbande ndi wandiweyani, ndiye muyenera kusankha. Mbewuzo zikakhala ndi masamba enieni a masamba awiri, zimabzalidwa m'mbale zokhoma, kuyesera kuti zisawononge mizu yophukira. Mitundu yofesedwa mumbale zanyumba iliyonse sikufunika kunyamulidwa, imakulidwa mpaka iwo kufikira tsiku lobzala.

Kubzala physalis poyera

Nthawi yoti afike

Mbande zibzalidwe panthaka mutamera masamba 5 kapena 6. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi patsiku lamvula kapena masana. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo owala bwino, pomwe dothi liyenera kukhala lamchere pang'ono kapena osalowerera. Ma pilali akulimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe m'malo omwe kabichi kapena nkhaka kale zidabzalidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pomwe tsabola, biringanya, physalis, mbatata kapena phwetekere limamera, mbewu yotereyi siyenera kubzalidwe kwa zaka 4, popeza mbewu zonsezi zimatengera matenda omwewo, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala m'nthaka nthawi yayitali. Konzani malowo kuti asakhale osachepera theka la mwezi musanabzale, pomwe phulusa lamatabwa ndi humus liyenera kuwonjezedwa m'nthaka kuti ikumbe. Simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano kuti muthetsere tsambalo.

Zowongolera

Mukabzala physalis, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yake imakhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kubzala mbande kuyenera kuzimiririka pakukula kwa masentimita 50. Komanso, mukadzala, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mitundu yayitali ndiyofunika garter. Kuzama kwa fossa kubzala kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti kamene kamadzala kamamizidwa mmenemo mpaka tsamba loyambilira loona. Ngati mbande zakula, ndiye kuti choyamba thirirani madzi okwanira malita 1.5, kenako chomera chimatsitsidwa ndikololedwa kulowa m'madzi, ndikofunikira kuti mizu iwongoke. Kenako dzenje limakutidwa ndi dothi, lomwe limapangidwa bwino. Ngati mbande sizikula, ndiye kuti zimadzala mwachizolowezi, ndipo pambuyo pake zimathirira bwino. Kuchepetsa kuthirira, kudula ndi kumasula, pamwamba pamalowo muyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch (peat).

Achipatala amasamalira m'munda

Kubzala ndi kukulitsa ma physalis ndi kosavuta. Mukukula, maluwa oterowo amayenera kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo, ndipo njirayi itatha, namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi nthaka yomasuka. Ayeneranso kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe (yankho la manyowa a nkhuku (1:15) kapena mullein (1:10). Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika pokhapokha kuthirira. Ngati nthawi yachilimwe itakhala yamvula komanso yozizira, ndiye kuti tchire la physalis lidzafunikira kudulidwa. Zomera sizifunira kudulira ndi kudina, koma chifukwa zipatso zimamera munthambi za mphukira. Chifukwa chake, mbewu mwachindunji zimatengera kudalira chitsamba.

Kubalana Kwanyama

Za momwe mungakulitsire physalis kuchokera ku mbewu, zomwe tafotokozazi. Itha kufalitsidwanso ndi kudula komanso njira zina. Mitundu yodzikongoletsera imakulitsa mphukira zochuluka kwambiri, zomwe sizikhala mozama pansi pa nthaka. Chifukwa chake, mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, mutha kudzipatula ndikugaya gawo la nthambizo, pomwe payenera kukhala nkuphukira, zomwe zibzalidwe m'malo atsopano. Zodulidwa zimayenera kukololedwa mu Julayi, chifukwa cha izi, zigawo zapamwamba za mphukira zokhala ndi ma awiri kapena atatu otukuka zimadulidwa. Kenako, kuti azika mizu, amakwiriridwa panthaka patali. Poyamba, odulidwa adzafunika pogona, kuti apange omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kanema wopaka. Zingatheke kuchotsa pokhapokha pokhapokha masamba atadulidwa abwerere ku turgor wawo wakale. Pakuzika mizu, kudula kumafunika kuthirira nthawi ndi kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Physalis ali ndi kukana kwambiri kumatenda. Komabe, imathanso kudwala matenda onga mawonekedwe amisala, pomwe nthawi zosamalidwa bwino zimaperekedwa mosavuta. Mutha kudziwa kuti chitsamba chimakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa masamba ake, amasiyanitsidwa ndipo amakhala ndi mawanga obiriwira obiriwira komanso obiriwira akuda. Mu tchire lomwe muli kachilombo, zipatso zimachepetsedwa ndi theka. Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ngati amenewa. Pachifukwa ichi, toyesa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo amayenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Kenako malowo ayenera kutsanulidwa ndi yankho lamphamvu la potaziyamu permanganate.

Chifukwa cha chinyezi chochulukirapo, matenda amiyendo yakuda amatha kuoneka mbande za physalis. Kuchokera pamenepa, tsinde limakhala lakuda pansi, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu. Pazolinga zopewera, malamulo osamalira azitsatira ayenera kutsatiridwa: muyenera kumasula mwadongosolo gawo laling'ono, kupatula mbande munthawi yake, ndikuthirira madzi osowa koma ochulukirapo m'mawa.

Onse nightshade amadwala phytosporosis. Matendawa nthawi zambiri limawonekera mumvula yamvula nthawi yakucha zipatso. Zotsatira zake, mawanga a brownish subcutaneous pamtunda wa zipatsozo, chipatso choterocho sichitha kudyanso. Pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a phytosporosis, ndikofunikira kupopera ma tchire ndi yankho la Bordeaux madzi (1%) mitundu yam'mimba isanayambe.

Mwa tizirombo, chowopsa kwambiri kwa akatswiriwa ndi mawayilesi ndi zimbalangondo, zomwe zimavulaza mizu yake. Kuteteza chomera ku chimbalangondo, chimabzalidwa mphete ya pulasitiki. Kuti muchite izi, mumafunikira mabotolo apulasitiki okhala ndi malita awiri, ali ndi khosi lopapatiza komanso pansi odulidwa. Gawo lotsala lapakati liyenera kuduladula pakati kuti mupeze mphete ziwiri. M'dzenje lomwe lakonzedwa, mphete yomwe idayambitsidwa imayikidwa koyamba, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imabzalidwa kale. Bowo likakutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndikofunikira kuti mphete 50 mm ikwere pamwamba pake. Chifukwa chake, chitsamba chaching'ono chidzatetezedwa kuchimbalangondo.

Pofuna kuthana ndi waya wa nyambo gwiritsani ntchito nyambo. Kukumbidwa maenje angapo m'deralo ndipo udzu kapena udzu wokhapokha uyikidwepo, pamwamba pake pamaikidwa matabwa. Pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nyambo, chifukwa ma waya ambiri amayenera kudzipeza kale. Nyambo iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndikuwonongedwa. Komanso, polimbana ndi tizilombo toononga, kulima kapena kukumba mozama kochitika mu kugwa kungathandize. Chowonadi ndi chakuti gawo la mphutsi za waya pamutuwu lidzakhala pansi ndikuzizira nthawi yozizira.

Komabe, muyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti physalis imagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo ngati iperekedwa mosamalitsa komanso pazoyenera, ndiye kuti singavutike ndi tizirombo kapena matenda.

Mitima pambuyo maluwa

Kutoletsa mbewu

Zipatsozi zimapangidwa pamodzi ndi makapu owuma pang'ono tsiku lotentha, miyezi 1.5-2 pambuyo pake atasinthidwa dothi lotseguka (mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembala). Kucha zipatsozi sikumachitika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa iwo ochokera pansi amakhala opsa kwambiri ndikugwera pamalowo. Zitha kusungidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya kapena kukonzanso. Komanso, ngati pangafunike, mbewu zitha kutulutsidwa mu zipatsozi. Tengani zipatso zakupsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpeni kuti muzigawa mbali ziwiri. Kenako amayenera kumizidwa m'madzi amvula kwa maola 24, kenako zamkatiyo umazipukusa kudzera mu suna. Mbewu ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikuziwuma.

Zisanu

Ngati wokongoletsa osinthika osakhwima atakula, ndiye m'dzinja, gawo lakumalo liyenera kudulidwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira maluwa okongola kwambiri. Mabale a masamba amafunika kudulidwa, ndipo mphukira ndi zipatso zomwe zimabisidwa m'mavuto owala amayimitsidwa kuti ziume. Pamwamba pa tsambalo nthawi yozizira iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa mulch (peat). Zotsatira za Berry ndi masamba, zipatso zikakolola, ziyenera kutayidwa, pambuyo pake dothi lomwe lili pamalowo liyenera kukumbidwa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yamagulu a physalis okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu yoyenera ya physalis imagawidwa kukhala masamba a physalis ndi mabulosi a physalis. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi ya mabulosi a physalis: florida physalis, pubescent physalis (mwina mphesa kapena sitiroberi) ndi Peruvian physalis, yomwe yatchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa pakati pa olima masamba a mtunda wa pakati, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Physalis floridana

Ili ndi zipatso zotsekemera zokoma, zomwe mulibe asidi komanso zipatso pambuyo pake. Kupanikizana komwe amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo ndikufanana kwambiri ndi kulawa ndi kupanikizana kwa chitumbuwa, mogwirizana ndi izi ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere masamba a geranium kwa iwo.

Mphesa zanyama za Physalis (Physalis pubescens)

Mtunduwu, kukoma kwake kumakonzanso. Zipatsozi zimakoma ndi acidity pang'ono, komanso fungo labwino komanso kununkhira kwa chinanazi. Mukafinya msuzi kwa iwo, ndiye kuti adzafanana ndi mandarin ku kukoma kwanu. Zipatso zoterezi zimatha kusungidwa kwa miyezi pafupifupi itatu (nthawi zina mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi), pakapita kanthawi zimayuma pang'ono. Zipatso zouma ndizofanana ndi kukoma kwa zoumba.

Physalis peruviana

Poyerekeza ndi zoumba, mtunduwu umakhala ndi zipatso zochepa, koma kununkhira ndi kukoma kwake kumatchulidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi ma asidi mwa iwo ndi ofanana ndendende ndi sitiroberi. Zipatsozo zimakhala zanthete, chifukwa sizitha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mabulosi physalis:

1. Chinanazi. Zosiyanazo ndizoyamba kucha. Zipatso zazing'ono kwambiri zotsekemera zimanunkhira ngati chinanazi. Ndizoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano kapena kupangira zipatso zotsekemera ndi kusunga.
2. Strawberry. Tchire limafika kutalika kwa 0,7 m, zipatso zokoma za amber zokhala ndi fungo la sitiroberi zimamera pa iwo. Amadyedwa zouma komanso zatsopano, ndipo ma compotes, mchere ndi zomwe zimasungidwa zimakonzedwanso kuchokera kwa iwo.
3. Physalis zoumba Zodabwitsa. Chomera chosasinthika pachaka chimakhala chosasangalatsa komanso champhamvu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizachidziwikire. Zipatso amadyedwa mwatsopano kapena kupangira mchere.
4. Columbus. Chomera chachitali chotere chimakonda kutentha. Zosiyanasiyana zachedwa kucha. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi pectin yambiri, mavitamini ndi michere. Amadyedwa mwatsopano, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito zakumwa ndi zotsekemera.
5. Mfiti. Zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zosanja komanso zofiirira zimakhala ndi mkoma wowawasa pang'ono ndi kuwawa kwa mphesa komanso kununkhira kwa sitiroberi. Madzi opangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso ali ofanana ndi lalanje, koma ali ndi maluwa owala.

Physalis Mexican (Physalis ixocarpa)

Vegasable Vealis imayimiriridwa ndi mtundu umodzi - Mexican physalis (Physalis ixocarpa), kapena wosusuka, komanso mitundu yake, yomwe imakhala yambiri. Mu mbewu yotere, zipatso zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri komanso zofanana ndi tomato. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu yayitali, komanso yotsika mtengo. Mtundu wa zipatso umatha kukhala wobiriwira, wachikaso kapena wofiirira, ali ndi mawonekedwe ena ndi kukula kwake. Zomera zotere si thermophilic ndipo zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Zipatso zatsopano sizikoma kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya mabulosi. Komabe, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera ma pickles, marinade, saladi ndi caviar, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pamtunda wapakati:

1. Ground Gribovsky. Mitundu yapakatikati moyambira imadziwika ndi zokolola komanso kukana chisanu. Tchire limakhala ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi mamitala 0.8 ndi nthambi zoyambira.Zipatso zobiriwira za asidi wonyezimira zimakhala ndi magalamu pafupifupi 60.
2. Confectionery. Mitundu yakucha pakati ili ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu zozungulira, zonunkhira pang'ono wowoneka bwino ndi mtundu wakuda kapena wobiriwira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza marinade, pickles ndi caviar, komanso zakudya zopangira thukuta.
3. Koroleki. Zosiyanazo ndizoyamba kucha. Ntchito pokonza mchere ndi masamba zamzitini.
4. Moscow koyambirira. Zosiyanasiyana ndizachidziwikire. Nthambi zatsala pang'ono kunama. Zipatso zotsekemera zachikasu zolemera 80 magalamu.

Zokongoletsa za Physalis (nyali zaku China)

Ichi ndi herbaceous osatha chomera. Gawo lililonse la mbewu ili ndi poyizoni, chifukwa chake zipatso zake sizingadyedwe. Koma opanga maonekedwe ndiwosangalala kugwiritsa ntchito akatswiri oterewa pantchito yawo. Chomera choterocho chimawoneka chowoneka bwino kwambiri masabata aposachedwa a chilimwe kapena oyamba kumene. Panali panthawiyi pomwe mabokosi ake adapangidwa utoto wa lalanje.

Mitundu yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi:

1. Franche. Nthawi zambiri imamera ngati chomera pachaka. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0.9 m, kutalika kwa chowundikira chakufikiridwa kumunsi kwa masamba a masamba ndi masentimita 15. Palibenso ziphuphu zopitilira 15 zomwe zimamera pachomera chimodzi - izi ndi zipatso za mbewu iyi, zomwe zimavala makapu amtundu wakuda.
2. Alkekengi. Mabokosi amtunduwu amapaka utoto wofiira, lalanje kapena wachikasu.

Ntchito zothandiza za physalis

Zipatso za edible physalis zimaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo monga: Zakudya zamafuta, chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni, madzi osakanikirana, mavitamini A ndi C, kufufuza zinthu chitsulo ndi zinki ndikutsatira zinthu potaziyamu, calcium, sodium, phosphorous ndi magnesium. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi diuretic, heestatic, choleretic, antimicrobial, analgesic ndi anti-yotupa. Mothandizidwa ndi infusions ndi decoction, amachitira urolithiasis, edema, gout, bronchitis, rheumatism, hepatitis ndi cystitis. Ngati pali zipatso zatsopano, ndiye kuti izi zithandiza kukhala wathanzi ndi kamwazi, dermatosis kapena matenda oopsa.

Contraindication

Zipatso za physics yokongoletsa sizingadye, chifukwa zimakhala ndi poizoni! Makapu, omwe zipatsozo zimayikidwa, amakhala ndi ma alkaloids ndi physalin mu kapangidwe kake - izi ndi zinthu za poizoni. Akamamwa, amatha kumuvulaza, choncho muyenera kusamala kwambiri.

Ngati mungasamalire ma physalis moyenera ndikumakupatsirani malo okulira, ndiye kuti mudzapeza zokolola zambiri zonunkhira, zomwe sizabwino kwambiri, komanso zothandiza kwambiri.