Cineraria (Cineraria) - ndi wa banja la a Astrov. Duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polimidwa m'munda monga zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, makama a maluwa ndi malo osakanikirana. M'mapangidwe ake akunja, amafanana ndi mitundu ya zikhalidwe za Krestovnikov. Pakati pa mitundu ya cineraria, mutha kupeza nthumwi pafupifupi 50 za mtunduwu, pomwe pali ana opitilira 3,000. Musanadzaze m'mundawo, muyenera kudziwa pang'ono za kapangidwe kake ndi maluwa ake kuchokera kwa ena okhala m'mundamo.
Kufotokozera kwa Cineraria Chomera
Kutanthauzira kwa Chilatini kwa dzina loti cineraria kumatanthauza "phulusa." Ichi ndi chomera cha herbaceous chobiriwira chomwe chimamera ngati shrub yokongoletsera. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imakula makamaka ku Africa kumayiko otentha. Paulimi wamkati, mtundu umodzi wokha wamagazi, kapena hybrid cineraria ndi woyenera. Komabe, m'mabuku ofotokoza za maluwa, duwa limatchulidwanso kuti sonson wosakanizidwa.
M'dera lathu, cineraria imabzalidwa ngati mbewu ya chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, zomwe zimayambira pafupifupi 30-90 cm ndipo zimayatsidwa. Masamba akuluakulu amakhala ndi malo a pubescent komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira. Oimira ambiri pabanjali amasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba a pinnate. Maluwa a bango, opentedwa ofiira, oyera, achikasu kapena ofiira, amapanga chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Maluwa amayamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndikupitilira mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Kukula cineraria kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa mbewu
Cineraria imatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimagulidwa m'misika yaminda. Ambiri a iwo, zinthu zosavuta kubzala zotere ndizosavuta kupeza, ngakhale kuti siamaluwa onse omwe amadziwa za duwa lomwe limachokera. Mbewu za Cineraria zimachita zambiri kumera. Kupeza mbande, kufesa kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Zopezazo zimakhala zodzaza ndi dothi losakanizika, zomwe zimakhala ndi mchenga wofanana komanso peat. Kufesa kuya kuyenera kusungidwa pang'ono. Ndikokwanira kungopanga dothi lakumtunda pamwamba pa njere ndikuthira dothi ndi kutsitsi. Mutabzala, mbewuzo zimakhala zophimbidwa ndi galasi kuti apange chimbudzi ndi kusunga chinyezi.
Mbande
Masamba obiriwira oyamba amawonekera patatha masiku 7 kapena 10. Kenako kapu imatha kuchotsedwa ndikusungidwa mumbale ndi mbande m'chipinda chowala. Mbewu zikakhala zolimba, zimakhazikika m'miphika ina. Mbande ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndikuziika m'miphika yomwe ili ndi dothi losakanikirana kapena peat briquettes, kwinaku mukusunga dongo pamizu. Kenako sipadzakhalanso zovuta pambuyo pake pozula mbande kukhala duwa. Ndi kukhazikitsa mosamalitsa kwa malingaliro onse ndi boma lothirira, mbewu zazing'ono zimakhazikika bwino m'malo atsopano. Amazika mizu panthaka ndipo mwachangu adzakusangalatsani ndi mphukira yachinyamata.
Kubzala cineraria poyera
Kuti mukule maluwa okongola athanzi, simukufunika kudziwa mwapadera komanso kudziwa zambiri, kotero kuti ngakhale oyambitsa maluwa okhawo azitha kulimbana ndi maluwa amenewa. Cinerarias amakonda malo owunikira, koma ndibwino kupewa kukhala pamasamba dzuwa litalowa. Mabasi amabzalidwa bwino mu michere ndi dothi labwino ndi malo pang'ono amchere kapena osaloledwa. Mbande ingabzalidwe m'munda kuyambira m'ma Meyi, kuti musachite mantha ndi zotsatira za masoka oundana.
Mbande zimakwezedwa mu maenje okonzekedwa, mtunda womwe pakati pawo uzikhala wosachepera 25. Ndikofunikira kuti muzisunga nyemba pamizu pochotsa mbande muchidebe. Kubzala pamalo otseguka kumatha kuthilira tchire lililonse. Ngati dera lomwe mukukhalamo limakhala losakhazikika komanso losinthasintha kutentha kwa chaka, mutha kuphimba ndi spanbond kapena lutrasil. Pankhaniyi, pamene matalala akuwonekera, mbande zazing'ono zimakhala zotetezeka.
Kusamalira Cineraria
Cinerarias ndi odzichiritsa pochoka. Chokhacho chomwe chitha kuipitsa kukula kwa duwa ndikoyenera kuthilira. Panthawi yachilala komanso kusowa chinyezi, maluwa amayamba kufooka, ndikamadzaza nthaka, kuwonongeka kwa mizu kumawonedwa. Komabe, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya cineraria imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri, kotero kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kuchita popanda madzi. Monga lamulo, nthawi yachilimwe imakhala ndi mvula yokwanira zachilengedwe.
Mukatha kuthirira, ndikofunikira kumasula dera lozungulira duwa ndikuchotsa namsongole. Maluwa amatenga nthawi yayitali ngati mitengo yowuluka ku tchire ikadulidwa nthawi.
Kuvala ndi feteleza wa mchere wamaluwa kumachitika katatu pamwezi. Panthawi yopanga masamba, tchire limapatsidwa chakudya ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. Maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cineraria yokongoletsera amadulidwa kapu isanatsegule. Kenako chomera chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso michere pakukula kwa masamba.
Cineraria pambuyo maluwa
Zomwe madera athu amatilola kubzala maluwa okhaokha monga chomera cha pachaka. Maluwa atamalizidwa, tchirepo zimakumbidwa, popeza sizigwiritsidwanso ntchito kwenikweni. Komabe, mitundu yokongoletsera komanso yowola imatha kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu, ngati imapereka malo odalirika ngati masamba owuma kapena nthambi zokhala ndi spruce. Kubwera kwa masika, mphukira ndi masamba owundana zimachotsedwa, kumasula chiwembu chokhazikitsa mphukira zazing'ono. Olima ena akutenga njira yina. Amakumba ma cineraria ndikudulira tchire kukhala malo ogwiritsira maluwa kuti azitha kudikirira nthawi yozizira pamalo abwino. Chaka chamawa, tchire limabwezeredwa pamalowo.
Kubalana wa cineraria
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi koyenera kokha pamitundu yamaluwa yokongoletsera. Mitundu yotsalayi imaberekedwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cineraria yam'nyanja imafalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Kuti muchite izi, zodula zolimba kwambiri zazitali masentimita 10 zimayikidwa mu bokosi lapadera lam'manja kuti lizike mizu. "Cuticle" imasunthidwa ku ngodya iliyonse ya dimba kuti chodzala chimasungidwa kuti chisazungulidwe ndi dzuwa ladzuwa. Monga chodulira, matabwa kapena mapepala a plywood amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Bokosilo ladzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga. Pansi pa bokosilo mabowo amakumba mabowo kuti apange mwayi wofikira. Dothi logwedezeka limathiriridwa ndikuwonjezeredwa madontho ochepa a potaziyamu permanganate. Malo omwe adadulidwawo amathandizidwa ndi muzu ndikutsitsidwa pansi. Padziko lapansi mozungulira mozungulira. Kudula kwa dothi kumakutidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki ochokera pamwamba, omwe amaphimbidwa mumchenga. Kamangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi kutentha.
Kuthirira ndi kudula kumachitika masiku onse awiri. Mapangidwe azika mizu, mabotolo amachotsedwa ndipo mabulowo amatsalira tsiku lililonse kwakanthawi kuti apume, kuti azolowere nyengo yachilengedwe. Kenako mabotolo amayeretsedwa kwathunthu. M'nyengo yozizira, "cuticle" imasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira. Ndi isanayambike nyengo yanyengo, masika odulidwa amasamukira kudera lotseguka.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kuopsa kwa mbewuyi ndi dzimbiri ndi phokoso la ufa, zomwe zimayamba chifukwa chokhala nthawi yayitali pachilala kapena chinyezi. Mwa tizilombo tomwe titha kuukira duwa, pali kangaude ndi ma aphid. Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kumangophika tchire kuposa kulimbana ndi matendawa. Kuthana ndi tizilombo timene timadya masamba ndi zimayambira, chithandizo chokha chothandizira chimagwira. Mitundu yambiri ya cineraria imawonetsa kukana matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya cineraria
Pakulima dimba, mitundu iwiri ya cineraria imagwiritsidwa ntchito: kukongoletsa kosangalatsa ndi maluwa okongoletsa.
Oimira maluwa okongoletsa ndi osakhazikika pamalowo, amadzalamo dimba, ndipo mitundu yokhoza maluwa ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba.
Nyanja ya Cineraria -imapereka zokongola zokongoletsa osatha. Masamba ake amakhala ndi siliva wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mtengowu ndiwotchuka popanga mawonekedwe ake m'munda, mukafuna kupereka mawonekedwe obiriwira. Masamba owala amawoneka bwino pafupi ndi maluwa ena owala. Anthuwo akhoza kumva dzina lina la mtunduwu - "fumbi la siliva". Mulinso mitundu:
- Fumbi laSiliva - chitsamba chosapanga masamba ndi masamba;
- Cirrus ndi chitsamba chokulirapo. Masamba ali ndi m'mbali komanso mawonekedwe okumbika.
Zophatikiza mafinya - Ichi ndi chitsamba chokongola chomwe chimatha kutalika masentimita 30. Maluwa amafanana ndi masamba a daisies kapena daisies. Oimira mtundu uwu ndi mitundu yayikulu yokongoletsa maluwa: Grandiflora, Stellata, Sympathy ndi Double.
Zabwino cineraria - yodziwika ndi nthambi zomera, imakhala ndi masamba okhala ndi malo opindika. Maluwa amapanga mabasiketi obiriwira ndipo amakongoletsa mundawo mpaka nthawi yophukira. Madera a Ligulosus, omwe amadziwika bwino ndi mitundu yayikulu ya mtundu wa bud, komanso Nanus wamtali, yemwe matupi ake sapitilira 25cm kutalika, amawonedwa ngati cineraria yapamwamba.
