Pambuyo pakupita nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti usaiwale kuti nthawi yakwana yoti ndiyambe ntchito m'munda. Koma nthawi yomweyo - osachita mopitirira muyeso! Kasupe mwina ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri kulima. Zaumoyo ndi mawonekedwe ake m'mundamu nthawi yonseyi zimadalira momwe ntchito yoyambira masika imachitikira moyenera. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe ziyenera kuchitika mu April.
Kuyeretsa
Kasupe ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoyeretsa m'mundamo. Masamba akale, mbewu zowuma za chaka chatha, zophulika zam'mphepo, zotsalira ndi malo okhala, komanso zinyalala zina zam'munda zomwe zatsalira kuyambira nthawi yophukira ndi yozizira, ziyenera kutsukidwa kumapeto kwa chisanu. Mukakolola, chotsani namsongole wachichepere amene akuwonekera, mpaka atakhwima, akhale ndi nthawi yophuka, ndipo mosavuta kutuluka ndi mizu. Sambani mafelemu ndi kapu ya zobiriwira, kuyeretsa zonyansa, kuyeretsa matauni kapena njira zam'munda kuchokera moss, kuyeretsa mipando yam'munda - nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito zonsezi pamwambapa iyamba.
Matalala atasungunuka, timayamba kuyeretsa dimba la zinyalala za m'munda ndi mbewu zowuma. © oregonliveMulching ndi feteleza
Mulch perennials, zitsamba ndi mitengo yatsopano kompositi kapena dothi labwino kwambiri. Kompositi kamunda ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri wopezeka ndi zinthu zonse zofunika mmera. Zimathandizanso kapangidwe kake ndi dothi, ndikuthandizira kusunga chinyezi pafupi ndi mizu ya mbewu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri munthawi yotentha komanso youma. Zomera zambiri ndiye kuti sizifunikanso feteleza ngati dimba lanu lili ndi nthaka yachonde.
Ngati mbewu zina zikufuna zowonjezera pamwamba, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera feteleza wouma (manyowa am'malo, zitosi, magazi, mafupa ndi nsomba, phulusa, makala, ndi zina) pang'ono musanalowe. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuvala mulching ndi kuvala pamwamba ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomera, maluwa, ndi zitsamba zina ndi mitengo zomwe zimaphukira nthawi yamasika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Kufesa ndi kubzala
Kasupe ndi nthawi yofunika kufesa ndi kubzala masamba ndi zokongoletsera.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zoyambirira, masamba ena amatha kudulidwa kutchire, kuwaphimba ndi pepala lowoneka bwino la pulasitiki (zotengera zoterezi zimagulitsidwa m'minda yamaluwa) kapena filimu yazotulutsidwa. Pokolola koyambirira kwa rhubarb, iyo, mmalo mwake, imakutidwa ndi mphika wawukulu womwe sukulola kuunika kudutsa. Chophimba cha mphika choterocho chimatseguka kuti masamba achikulire ali kunja ndipo mbewuyo imalandira kuwala kwa dzuwa. Zimayambira nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zotsekedwa, ndikuchita blanching, zimatambasuka ndikupanga zachifundo kwambiri. Chotulutsidwa motere rhubarb ndiwokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Meyi.
Pambuyo poopseza chisanu chamadzulo ndikuwotha dothi, nthawi yakwana yoti mubzale kapena kubzala mbewu yokongoletsa mwachikondi (fuchsia, pelargonium, verbena, petunia, heliotrope, begonia, nasturtium, etc.) ndi mbewu zamasamba. Ngati mungaganize zogulira mbande zomwe zakonzedwa kale m'munda wamtunduwu kapena muzolemba, musaiwale kuyika oda kapena kugula pasadakhale kuti mbande zanu zikhale zokonzeka ndi nthawi yake pakubzala m'nthaka.
Kukonza ndi kuyeretsa malo okhalamo. © Sarah RavenMitengo ndi tchire
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikofunikira kudulira mitengo yambiri ndi zitsamba, maluwa ndi kukwera mbewu zomwe zimaphuka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira pa mphukira za chaka choyamba (samalani kuti musadzaze zomwe zimaphuka pazomera zakale). Kudulira kwamasamba ndikofunikira kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kumalizidwa masamba obzala asanayambitse nyengo yatsopano.
Masika ndi nthawi yamaluwa ambiri okongola ndi zitsamba zambiri: Forsythia, Daphne, Japan Quince, Camellia, Rhododendron, Erica, Magonia, Witch Hazel, Magnolia, Keria, Pieris, Cherry, ndipo pambuyo pake - Zeanotus, Lilac, Apple, Viburnum, Chubushnik, Wisteria , azaleas ndi ena ambiri. Ena mwa iwo amafunika kuti azidulira posachedwa maluwa, kuti apange mphukira zatsopano zotulutsa bwino nyengo yamawa. Kuchokera kumadulira otaya masika, odulidwa abwino amapezeka, momwe amatha kuthekera kokulirapo.
Wopusa
Chapakatikati, anyezi ambiri amaphulika: crocuses, snowdrops, daffodils, tulips, hazel grouse, zokongoletsera anyezi. Musaiwale kuti maluwa atatha, masamba ayenera kufa mwachilengedwe (kusiyanitsa ndi lamulo ili ndi chipale chofewa, chomwe ndibwino kugawa mukangotulutsa). Kuphimba malo oyipa ndikutulutsa masamba achikasu ndikuvala masika, ndimatsekera masamba owala a babu ndi manyowa atsopano. Musaiwale kuyika malo omwe mababu a masika ali, kuti musasokoneze mwangozi mtendere wawo, ndikuganiza kuti malowa ndi aulere. Ngati mumakumba mababu a tulip mutatha maluwa, muyenera kuyambiranso masiku 30 mpaka 40 maluwa atayamba kuphuka. Malo omwe atulutsidwawo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa chaka chilichonse. Kumayambiriro koyambira, mababu omwe amatulutsa maluwa a chilimwe ayenera kubzala pansi. Ndi mbewu za thermophilic (nerin, cannes, dahlias), muyenera kudikirira kufikira chisanu chikutha.
Konzekerani kubzala mababu ndi ma rhizomes a mbewu zosatha ndi chilimwe.
Osayamba
Maluwa oyambira maluwa osachedwa - maluwa oyambira, medunica, zofukiza, hellebore - perekani izi motere: aquilegia, shave, goryanka, periwinkle, geranium, osayiwala ine ndi ena okongola m'minda yathu. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, nyengo yatsopano isanakhazikike, idadula masensa a chaka chatha, ma verbena okhazikika nthawi yozizira, Perovian, mbewu zodzikongoletsera ndi zipatso zina zamtchire zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale nyengo yachisanu. Pambuyo pakuchepera kwa nyengo yophukira, osatha safunika chisamaliro chambiri. Musaiwale kuchotsa zoyambirira zakale ndikudula masamba achikasu.
Miphika ndi madengu
Nthawi yakwana yopanga nyimbo zabwino m'miphika ndi mabasiketi opachikika omwe amakongoletsa mundawo ndi patio kuyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Zina zomwe simuyenera kuyiwala
Ngakhale mu Disembala ndi Januwale chisanu sizinawononge mitengo yazipatso, ndiye kumapeto kwa dzinja amatha kuchita ntchito zawo zonyansa. February - koyambirira kwa Marichi ndi owopsa pakusintha kwadzidzidzi kwadzuwa, kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa khungulo la ma boles ndi maziko a nthambi za chigoba. Munthawi imeneyi, makoswe amagwira ntchito makamaka: mbewa ndi mavu.
Mu february, ndikofunikira kupitiriza kugwira ntchito yotchingira malo okhala ndi zitsamba za nthambi zamchifu ndi chipale chofewa, kuzikuta kunja kwa bwalo. Mukapita ku dimba, musaiwale kutsitsa matalala chonyowa pamiyala, pansi pa zomwe nthambi zina zimatha kuthyoka. Kudzera pachipale chofewa, maula amasavuta kupeza nthambi za mtengo. Gwiritsani ntchito zotchinga, monga yankho la phula kapena chimbudzi (mu ndowa 2 ya madzi. Supuni). Pa mbewa, pitilizani kusecha matalala pa tsiku lotentha mozungulira bwalo (1.5-2 mita kuchokera kumunsi kwa tsinde), ikani zikwangwani zodzikonzera motsutsana ndi mbewa (mkuntho, bromorate, norate, ndi zina zotere) mu zitoliro zapaipi, mabokosi a nyambo molingana ndi malangizo. Makoswe nthawi zambiri amawononga mitengo yaying'ono (mpaka zaka 12 mpaka 15).
Makamaka zoopsa zamitengo ya zipatso zamiyala, mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya maapulo (Melba, Lobo, Welsey, etc.) kutentha kwa dzuwa mu Marichi. Yambitsaninso kuyeretsa kwa stambas ndi zoyambira nthambi zamchiopa, ngati zatsukidwa nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pambuyo poti chisanu chisungunuke pa kutentha.
Musaiwale kudzaza mbalame zomwe zimadyetsa njere za mpendadzuwa, njere zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka zaka khumi zimakonda mafuta osasamba a nkhumba omwe amamangidwa m'malo omwe sangathe kupezeka ndi amphaka. M'chilimwe, adzakuthokozani, khalani othandizira akhama polimbana ndi tizirombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri.
Chapakatikati, pogona pabwino, mutha kuyamba kubzala mbewu zamasamba zoyambirira. © Tusha YakovlevaKudulira kwamasika kwa mitengo ya zipatso
Kodi ndikofunikira kupanga korona wa mtengo wazipatso, kapena kodi udzatenga momwe ungafunikire?
Zowonadi, mitengoyo sadzafa ngati wokonza mundawo satenga nawo mbali popanga korona wa mtengowo. Pano pokhapokha zokolola, nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso, mtundu wa zipatso, mikhalidwe yosamalira mtengowo imachepa kwambiri. Mtengo wopangidwa moyenera umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri mopepuka ndipo umalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kapangidwe ka mtengo kumayamba mutangobzala ndipo kumakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yazipatso zamtunduwu imakhala ngati korona woboola pakati kapena wowoneka bwino. Taganizirani za chitsanzo cha mtengo wa maapozi.
Korona wa sparse-tier ndiyabwino kwambiri ku chilengedwe cha mtengo wazipatso. Pa thunthu nthambi zimapangidwa mumiyala (2-3) komanso moyenerera. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (kumayambiriro kwa budding), mitengo ya maapulo imayezedwa 40-50 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka pamtunda wobzalidwa pachaka, ndipo nthambi zonse zimadulidwa mbali iyi kapena maso ophukira amachotsedwa. Uwu ndiye muyeso wamtengo wamtsogolo. 30 masentimita pamwamba pa mtunda, nthambi zazikulu zoyamba zamiyala zimapangidwa, mtengo wonsewo umadulidwanso pamtunda wophukira bwino. Iyenera kupezeka ndendende pamwamba pa kudula kwa tenon (ngati ikuwoneka kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi). Izi ndizofunikira kuyang'anira kuti tipewe kupendekera kwamtsogolo.
Mu kasupe wa chaka chamawa, mphukira zimachotsedwa pa tsinde, ndipo pamalo pomwe pali nthambi zikuluzikulu (i.e., masentimita 30 kuposa gawo la tsinde), monga lamulo, nthambi zitatu zatsala, zina zonse zimadulidwa. Zotsika kwambiri ziyenera kukhala kutalika kwa kumapeto kwa tsinde, ndipo zina ziwiri zikweze pamwamba pa thunthu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 15. Ndikofunikira kuti nthambi zonse zitatu zizitsogozedwa mosiyanasiyana. Pamwamba akuyenera kukula nthambi imodzi yokha yopitilira. Nthambi zampikisano zapafupi zimadulidwa kumunsi (pa mphete). Nthambi zing'onozing'ono (zazifupi 30 cm) sizifupikitsa kapena kudula, zimakonda kupanga mapangidwe a zipatso ndi zipatso. Mchaka chotsatira, nthambi zina zazikulu za 2-3 zomwe zimapendekeka pakati pawo za masentimita 10-15 zimapangidwa pamwamba pa nthambi za gawo loyambirira la masentimita 50-60. Chaka china pambuyo pake, nthambi ina yayikulu imapangidwa pamwamba pa nthambi za gawo lachiwiri ndi 40 cm. Chifukwa chake, mafupa a korona wa mtengo wanu wa apulosi amapangidwa. Woyendetsa wapakati azikhala wotalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20 kumapeto kwa nthambi zikuluzikulu .. Pakatha chaka, wochititsa wapakati amadulidwapo. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa mtengowo kudzakhala mamita 2 mpaka 2,5. M'tsogolomo, kutalika kwa korona kumeneku kumasungidwa mu moyo wonse wa mtengowo.
Korona wooneka ngati vase amapangidwa makamaka kwa mitengo yochepa komanso yocheperako. Amayamba kudzipanga momwemo ngati sparse-tier. Nthambi zitatu zoyambirira zimapezeka mbali zosiyanasiyana mtunda wa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera kwina. Kuti mupeze nthambi zolocha, nthambi izi zimadulidwa kutalitali kwa 40-50 masentimita kuchokera kwa wochititsa wapakati, ndipo wochititsayo amadulidwa pamwamba pa nthambi yayikulu. Kupitilira apo, samalola kuti pakatikati pa korona pakuse, nthawi zambiri amadula nthambi zonse zolimba zomwe zimakhala kumtunda kwa nthambi zazikulu ndikuwongolera mkati korona. Nthambi zokhala zokulirapo sizidula.
Kuyamba kudulira zitsamba ndi mitengo. © Maulalo AnzanuMitundu ya mitengo yodulira mitengo ndi iti?
Mitundu yayikulu yamitengo yazidulira ndi iyi: yaukhondo, yothandizira ndi kubwezeretsa. Mu moyo wonse, mitengo imawululidwa ndizinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa thunthu ndi nthambi. Nthambi ndi zoduka sizingasiyidwe, zimayenera kuchotsedwa zikapezeka. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kuchitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Zilonda zooneka pamtengo kapena nthambi zachigoba zimatsukidwa ndi mpeni kuti ukhale wathanzi, osapakidwa ndi 3-4% mkuwa wa sulfate ndipo wokutidwa ndi var var ya m'munda.
Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, ndibwino kutuluka kwamaso kumayamba, kudulira mitengo kumayambira ndikuyeretsa mwaukhondo. Kuyambira pomwe mtengo umayamba kubereka pambuyo pakupanga korona komanso zaka zotsatira, kudulira kumathandizira.
Nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuwona mitengo m'minda yomwe yatambasulidwa kwambiri, gawo lam'munsi la korona limasungunuka, palibe zipatso. Zomera zazikulu pamitengo yotere zimangoyikidwa pamwamba, zosunga zake ndizovuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mtengo, kudula kondakitala wamkulu kutalika kwa pafupifupi 2 m pamwamba pa nthambi yotsogozedwa yakumaso. Ntchitoyi siyingalephereke. Amazindikira ndi diso lovuta ngati kudula korona kumafunikira. Monga lamulo, izi ndizofunikira. Kudutsa, kupukuta, kulowa mkatikati kapena pafupi kwambiri ndi nthambi zina. Mukamasankha zoyenera kuchita bwino, dulani nthambi yayikulu kapena yayikulu, muyenera kusankha njira yoyamba.
Mukachepetsa korona, mutha kudulira nthambi kapena kudula kotheratu (kumphete). Ngati masamba ochepa okha omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi zomwe zadzuke pa nthambi yapachaka, kufupikitsa ndikofunikira. Kuchuluka kwa kufupikitsa kumadalira kutalika kwa nthambi: yayitali, ndizofunikira kufupikitsidwa.
Mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya maapulo imakonda kuphuka nthawi ndi nthawi. Chaka chimodzi chimapereka kukolola kwakukulu, china sichingafanane ndi chilichonse, popeza analibe mphamvu zokwanira mchaka chakututa kuyala zipatso mu nthawi yakututa. Chifukwa chake, mchaka chotsatira choyembekezeka, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zipatso kuyenera kuchotsedwa, palibe zowonongeka. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuwonda gawo lagolovu, zolembera zazing'ono, kudula nsonga za mitengo yazipatso ndi nthungo. Ngati pali zipatso zochepa, ndiye kuti musazidule mukadulira mtengo.
Zikamakalamba kapena chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa chisanu, mitengo nthawi zambiri imasiya kukula ndikubala zipatso mofooka. Potere, kudulira kobwezeretsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukalamba mitengo kudutsa odana ndi ukalamba. Choyamba, amachepetsa chiwerengero cha kukula komwe kungachitike. Chifukwa chaichi, nsonga za nthambi zokalamba zimadulidwa. Mukadulira mitengo yakale yomwe sinanyalanyazidwe, korona amachepetsa, kudula gawo la wochititsa wapakati ndi nthambi zam'mwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwunikiridwa mkati mwa korona, ndipo zipatso sizingokhala paliponse kokha, komanso pakati. Nthambi zomwe zagwera pansi zimadulidwatu. Ndikofunika kuchita kudulira osati chaka chimodzi, koma mu 2-3. Nthambi zonse zokulirazo zikukula.
Ngati mitengo inali yozizira kwambiri nthawi yachisanu (kunali kuzizira kwambiri kapena patapita nthawi yayitali kukuziziratu), simuyenera kufulumira ndi kudulira, muyenera kudikira mpaka masamba ayambe kukula. Pankhaniyi, ziwoneka kuti nthambi zomwe zidazizira mpaka pansi, zidulidwatu. Ngati nsonga za nthambi zawonongeka, zimafupikitsidwa kuti zitheke matabwa. M'chaka chokhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kudulira kumayenera kukhala kofatsa. Ngati mukukayika, ndibwino kuchedwetsa kufikira nthawi yamasika.
Mukamadulira mitengo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zabwino kwambiri. Malo odulira ndi macheka ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi mpeni wamunda, magawo okutidwa ndi mitundu yaminda. Musaiwale za chitetezo mukamachita ntchito izi.
