Kabichi yoyera ndi imodzi mwamasamba omwe amakonda anthu a ku Russia. Zakudya zambiri zadziko sizingathe popanda icho, chifukwa chake nkovuta kulingalira m'munda uliwonse popanda masamba okoma ndi awa. Anthu amamutcha iye mkazi wa munda. Imangokhala ndi kulawa bwino kwambiri, komanso kumatha kuchiritsa. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha momwe msewu wapakati uliri, kabichi samabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuti mukolole m'chilimwe, muyenera kukula mbande. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya kabichi imalimidwa kudzera mbande
Mitundu yoyambira kabichi singadzitame yokolola zambiri. Mitu, monga lamulo, imakhala ndi kulemera pang'ono pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu. Makabati a Mid-msimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza masaladi ndi borsch chilimwe. Imakhalanso yoyenera mchere. Pambuyo pake mitundu ya chikhalidwe ichi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokolola nthawi yachisanu.
Mbewu za mbande yakucha ndipo yakucha yakucha zabzalidwa mu Epulo kapena Meyi, nthawi yomweyo mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Ndi kabichi koyambirira amavutirapo. Mbande za kabichi zamtunduwu zimabzala pawindo, kukonzekera zosakaniza zawo zamdothi, kutsamira ndi kuwumitsa mbewu. Kubzala kumachitika mu Marichi.
Kuti mupeze mbewu yabwino ya kabichi, muyenera kudziwa malamulo a kukula kwa mbande, kuti musakonze zolakwika pambuyo pake. Nthawi yofesa mbewu zimatengera gawo lolimidwa kwa mbewuyi.
Kukonzekera dothi kwa mbande
Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa dothi lapansi kuti ndikulime mbande ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri yopezera mbewu yabwino. Kabichi imatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana oyamba ndi fungus. Nthawi zambiri "mwendo wakuda" umamugunda, motero, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi kuti chomera chodwala chisamalandire. Ndikofunika kuyamba kukonzekera dothi losakanizira munyentchera.
Pali zosankha zingapo pokonzekera gawo lapansi loumbira mbande za kabichi. Yofunika kwambiri chifukwa ndi dothi lochokera kumadera ena amtundu wa sod ndi humus. Zosakaniza zonse zakukonza dothi zosakaniza ziyenera kukhala zatsopano. Dziko lakale limatha kudwala.
Kabichi ndi yoyenera nthaka yathanzi lonse. Chachikulu ndichakuti akhale womasuka komanso wachonde. Kuti mukonzekere, tengani magawo awiri a coconut fiber ndi gawo limodzi la biohumus (humus ndiloyeneranso). Nthaka ya dimba yolima mbande ya kabichi siyabwino. Kuti mbande za kabichi zisapweteke, njira zingapo ziyenera kuchitidwa. Ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka lapansi. Njira ya potaziyamu permanganate itithandizanso kupopera nthaka. Phulusa limakhala loletsa kusamalitsa komanso gwero la ma macro- ndi ma microelements. Supuni 1 ya phulusa iyenera kuwonjezeredwa 1 makilogalamu a dothi lomalizidwa. Phulusa sililola mwendo wakuda kuwonekera pa mbande zamabichi.
Momwe mungakonzekere bwino mbeu kuti mubzale
Monga lamulo, mbewu zomalizidwa zomwe zidagulidwa m'sitolo zidaphunzitsidwa kale. Izi zitha kuonedwa pakuwerenga zomwe zalembedwapo. Ndi mbewu zopakidwa utoto wowala, palibe chomwe chikuyenera kuchitika. Ngati njere zikuwoneka zachilengedwe, ndipo pazomwe zidalembedwa kuti zakhala zikuphunzitsidwa mwapadera, ziyenera kutenthetsedwa ndikuzithira m'madzi otentha. Asungeni m'madzi amenewo kwa mphindi 20. Pambuyo pake, amayikidwa m'madzi ozizira kwa mphindi 5 ndikuuma. Ngati mwasankha mbewu zomwe mudadzisonkhanitsa nokha kuti mulime mbande za kabichi, sizingakwanire kuti zizitentha zokha. Ayenera kukhazikika, ataimirira kwa maola 8-18 mu yankho la Fitosporin-M. Ndipo njira yotsiriza musanafesere ndi kukalamba kwa njere mu njira yothetsera michere masiku awiri asanabzalidwe.
Kufesa mbewu za kabichi kwa mbande
Mukukula mbande za kabichi, monga lamulo, gwiritsani ntchito mabokosi. Ngati mukufuna kutsanulira nthangala, makapu ang'ono angakuthandizeni. Muthanso kutenga zotengera zazikuluzikulu, zotalika masentimita 700. Chidebe chilichonse chomwe mbande za kabichi zikadzakuliridwe chimayenera kukhala ndi mabowo otaya. Ngati mulibe magalasi ogulira, muyenera kudzipanga nokha. Zomwe zakonzedwa zimadzazidwa ndi 3/4 ndi dothi, kenako zimathiridwa chifukwa kabichi imamera bwino m'malo otentha. Ndikofunika kuyika mbewu ziwiri mumtsuko umodzi. Pambuyo pa kumera, amphamvu kwambiri amasankhidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
Mukakulitsa mbande pabokosi, ndikofunikira kupanga ma geno ndi akuya masentimita 1. Payenera kukhala mtunda wa 3 cm pakati pa mizere. Mbewu zofesedwa 1.5 cm iliyonse, ndikuwazidwa pang'ono. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera kwa mbeu ndi madigiri 18-20. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthirira mbande sikofunikira ngati dothi lidasungunuka bwino musanafesere. Nthawi zambiri, mphukira zoyambirira zimatha kuwonekera patatha masiku 5. Zitatha izi, zotengera zomwe zimakhala ndi mbande zitha kuyikidwa pawindo lozizira, kusunga kutentha mkati mwa madigiri 7-9. Ngati izi sizotentha kwambiri, mbande zimatambalala kwambiri. Pang'onopang'ono onjezani kutentha mpaka madigiri 18.
Dulira Mbande za Kabichi
Sikuti ndi alimi onse omwe ali ndi nthawi yolumphira mbande za kabichi. Ngati palibe mwayi komanso nthawi yaulere, muyenera kutsatira malangizowa:
- Chomera chimayenera kukhala ndi malo ena opatsa thanzi. Kuti muchotse izi, mbande zokulira mbande zimayamba kudzazidwa ndi dothi lapansi ndi 2/3. Mbewu zikamakula, dothi lotayirira limatsanulira m'thanki. Izi zimathandizira kukula kwa mizu yotsatira.
- Musaiwale za kukoka zabwino.
- Mbeu zimafunikira kudya nthawi zonse, chifukwa zimasowa michere yomwe imachokera padziko lapansi.
Malangizo kwa iwo amene adzakwela mbande:
- Kubayimbira kuyenera kuyambitsidwa masabata awiri atatuluka.
- Pakachotsa mbande, zimayikidwa mozama kotero kuti masamba a cotyledon amakhudza nthaka.
- Pambuyo pochotsa mbandezo, zimayenera kuwaza ndi dothi loonda kuti mupewe matenda amiyendo yakuda.
- Kutentha kwenikweni pambuyo pa madzi ndi madigiri 17-18. Pambuyo masiku awiri, imatsitsidwa. Usiku ndikofunikira kusamalira kutentha - madigiri 10-12, masana - madigiri 13-14.
- Kumbukirani kuti pambuyo pa madzi sabata ziwiri zoyambira kabichi zimamera pang'onopang'ono.
Kusamalira mmera kabichi: kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kuumitsa
Kuthirira
Kabichi ndi chomera cha hybrophilous. Ngakhale ikufunika madzi ambiri, simuyenera kuthirira ndi kuthirira. Mbande za kabichi zimamwetsa madzi pambuyo poti dothi lapsa. Kamodzi patsiku lililonse la 7-10 zidzakwanira. Kuthirira kwambiri kumabweretsa matenda ndi fungal matenda omwe amawononga mbewu zonse. Mukathirira mbande, musaiwale kuti podutsa m'chipindacho.
Kuchokera chinyezi chochulukirapo, mbewuyo sikuti imangotambalala, komanso ndikapeza mwendo wakuda. Pothana ndi matenda, phesi limakhala loonda, limasintha mtundu ndikugwa. Pomwe mbande zakuda zikagwa pakati pa mbande, nthawi yomweyo zimang'ambika ndikuchotsedwa. Mbewu zathanzi zimasinthidwa kukhala dothi latsopano.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ngati dothi lakonzedwa bwino, feteleza safunika kuthilidwa. Ngati mbewu zakunja zikuwoneka ngati zosagwira, ndikofunika kuganizira kudyetsa. Mbeu zimadyetsedwa katatu, nthawi iliyonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza osiyanasiyana.
Pakudya koyamba mu lita imodzi yamadzi, magalamu anayi a superphosphate ndi 2 magalamu a ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu sulfate amadzala. Imachitika pomwe nthawi yolumikizira pansi patadutsa masiku 7-10.
Mukuvala kwachiwiri kwapamwamba, mlingo wa zosakaniza pamwambowu umachulukitsidwa nthawi ziwiri. Amayamba pambuyo pa masabata awiri.
Chovala chomaliza chomaliza chimachitika masiku awiri 2-3 musanazike mbande panthaka. Izi ziyenera kuphatikizapo ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu sulfate, superphosphate (5, 8 ndi 3 magalamu).
Iwo omwe amakonda kulima zachilengedwe popanda mankhwala ayenera kudyetsa mbandezo ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.
Mmera kuumitsa
Chifukwa cha kuumitsa, mbande imakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, mbande ndizosavuta kuzika mizu mukabzala m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, asanabzala mbande panthaka, amayamba kuumitsa. Choyamba, m'chipinda momwe muli mbande, zenera limatsegulidwa kwa maola angapo. Kenako zidebe zomwe zimakhala ndi mbande kwa maola awiri zimatengedwa kupita kukhonde. Ndipo isanakwere pansi imasiyidwa pakhonde kwa masiku 3-4.
Kuwala
Mbande za kabichi zimafuna kuwala kosalekeza. Ngati msewu ndi mitambo, amawunikira ndi nyali za fluorescent. Malinga ndi malingaliro onse, mbande izikhala yolimba. Mbewu zathanzi zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, mizu yophuka komanso masamba 4-7 opangidwa. Ngati malamulo osamalira mmera aphwanyidwa, amatha kudwala. Matendawa pawokha sangathe kudutsa, motero ndikofunikira kupulumutsa mbande.
Ngati mwendo wakuda udapambana mbande za kabichi, nthaka mu chidebe cha mbewu zokulira imayimitsidwa ndikumasulidwa, ndipo mbande zimakonkhedwa ndi phulusa. Mizu yoola mizu imachiritsidwa ndi rhizoplan kapena trichodermin. Osadandaula kuti mankhwalawa amavulaza kabichi. Mankhwalawa ndiwachilengedwe. Amatha kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mosavuta. Rizoplan amathandizira mbande kuyamwa chitsulo, kotero amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda, mwendo wakuda. Ngati nthochi yopachika ikaphulika mbande, imathandizidwa ndi Intavir.
