Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, asayansi ku VIR Pavlovsk Experimental Station akhala akupanga zolimba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ku St. Petersburg ndi Northwest Region. Ena mwa iwo ndi wakuda chitumbuwa Leningrad. Kufotokozera zamitundu mitundu, zithunzi za mitengo ya zipatso ndi zipatso zamtengo wapatali zithandizira kutsimikizira bwino kwa obereketsa aku Russia.
Mu zaka za Soviet, olima dera la Non-Black Earth Region ndi North-West a dzikolo adalandidwa mwayi ngakhale wolota zamatcheri akukula. Izi mbewu mwamasambidwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zam'mwera komanso zosayenera kugulitsa minda. Chifukwa chake, kuswana kwamitundu yobiriwira kwambiri yozizira kwatha posachedwapa. Pakadali pano, palibe mtundu umodzi womwe udaphatikizidwa ku boma la State for the kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Russia, komabe, zikwizikwi za nzika za chilimwe zikusangalala kale ndi zipatso zokoma za juwisi kuchokera ku ziwembu zawo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndikuwunika kwa chitumbuwa chakuda Leningrad, komanso kufotokoza kwa mawonekedwe a mtengo wazipatso.
Makhalidwe a yamatcheri osiyanasiyana Leningradskaya wakuda
Mitundu yakucha ya nthawi yayitali imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazomera zosagwira kwambiri chisanu. Itha kudalilidwa bwino kuchokera kumtunda wakuda mpaka dera la Leningrad.
M'madera otentha kwambiri, nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha, kudzafika nyengo yozizira ndi madontho a mvula masentimita, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imawonetsa kukhazikika komanso kuchita bwino.
M'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, mbande zimakula msanga ndi kuphuka pazaka zitatu, ndikupanga ovary yoyamba. M'tsogolomu, kukula kwakeko kumachepetsedwa, komwe sikulepheretsa ma cherries a mitundu yayikulu ya Leningradskaya, malingana ndi kufotokozera ndi chithunzi, kupanga kolimba, kufalitsa korona wokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 3-5. Kukula, nthambi zimatha kupanga korona kukhala wandiweyani, wopanda kuwala ndi dzuwa. Masamba akuluakulu a mawonekedwe obisika komanso opindika, nsonga zolumikizidwa komanso timiyeso tosiyanasiyana timene timakwaniritsa izi, mitengo imafunika kudulira mosamala.
Pambuyo maluwa mu Meyi, ovary amawonekera pamaluwa a maluwa. Zipatso zomwe zimatengedwa m'maluwa a 2-5 ma PC zimathiridwa mwachangu. M'madera a Black Earth, mbewu zimatha kukolola kumapeto kwa Juni, North-West nthawi imeneyi imachedwa ndi masabata 2-4. Kupanda zipatso panthawi yomweyo kumakhala ngati zipatso zamtundu wa Leningradskaya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamene oyamba awo apeza kale utoto wakuda, womwe ndi wonunkhira bwino, ena akukonzekera kutsanulira.
Zithunzi za zipatso zakuda chitumbuwa Leningrad
Zipatso zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima kapena pafupi kuzunguliridwa kuyambira masentimita atatu mpaka anayi zimakhala zonenepa kwambiri mpaka zamitundu yamitundu yamitundu yamitundu. Pansi pakhungu lakuda bii, mnofu wofiyira wakuzama ubisalira. Zipatsozi zimakoma mosakoma, zonunkhira zoonekera mosavuta komanso zonunkhira. Zabwino za shuga zimatengera momwe zinthu zikukula, malo obzala ndi kusamalira ma cherries Leningradskaya wakuda. Mukatentha kwambiri masika ndi chilimwe, zipatso zambiri zimathiridwa ndipo kukoma kwawo ndikwabwino. Ngati June ndi mvula, mcherewo umatsika ndipo mnofu wake umawoneka pang'ono. Zomwe zimachitikanso ndikuthirira kwambiri.
Kuti muwonetsetse phindu lochuluka ndi zipatso, chifukwa kubzala yamatcheri musankhe malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo komanso chisanu ndi kuwala. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yodziyimira yokha imafunikira ma pollinators omwe amabzalidwe moyandikira.
Chikwangwani chakuda cha chitumbuwa chotsekemera Leningradskaya chakuda, malingana ndi kufotokozera kwa mitundu ndi chithunzi, chimabisa fupa lalitali-lalitali, lozungulira. Mu zipatso zakupsa, amachotsedwa mosavuta, zomwe zimathandiza munthu wokhala m'chilimwe kuti asinthe zipatso zamtengo wapatali zokhala ndi ruby wambiri, kupanikizana kosangalatsa kapena kupanikizana popanda vuto. Mu firiji, zipatso zochotsedwa mu nthambi mkati mwa sabata zimasungidwa bwino ndipo zimatha kunyamulidwa.
Chinthu chinanso cholemekezeka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuthekera kwa zipatso zamatcheri kuti zisawume kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamene kucha sikuli munthawi yomweyo. Nyengo, mtengo umodzi wachikulire umapatsa 20 mpaka 40 kg wa zipatso zakuda zakuda ndi zofiira.
Zosiyanasiyana monga Iput, Tyutchevka, Fatezh, Ovstuzhenka, Veda, Bryanskaya rosy ndi Bryanochka, Michurinka, komanso mitundu ya lokoma chitumbuwa Leningradskaya wokhala ndi zipatso zachikaso ndi mtundu wa pinki, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pollinator a chitumbuwa chakuda cha Leningradskaya chakuda. Mukamasankha pollinators, sikuti maluwa amatchulidwa kokha, komanso chisanu cha mitengo. Kuphatikiza pa kuzizira kwa dzinja, dzuwa lamasika limatha kuwononga ma cherries. Ndiomwe imakhala chifukwa choyaka pamatabwa osatha, kukhazikika kwake ndi kufooka.
