Kupanga kwa mbewu za delicatessen: shallows ndi chives

Anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe amasangalala kwambiri chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake, kununkhira kwake komanso fungo labwino. Izi masamba sizibweretsa misozi. Pazinthuzi, ma buluu amatchedwa "aristocrat" pakati pa mitundu ina ya anyezi. Nthawi zambiri okhala chilimwe amafunsa momwe angakulire anyezi uyu ndi momwe akufunira.

Katundu ndi mafotokozedwe a shallots

Dzina loti Alium ascalonicum linaperekedwa ku masamba awa kuchokera ku mzinda wina wosadziwika ku Palestine - Ascalon. Kwa nthawi yoyamba chikhalidwe ichi chidayamba kalekale kulembedwa 1260. Masiku ano, zipatso zaziphuphu zimabadwa m'maiko ambiri a Europe, Asia, America, komanso m'malo ambiri a Russia a mayiko oyandikana nawo.

Shallots ndi anyezi osiyanasiyana, komanso mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake, sizimasiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera kuti ilibe mababu akuluakulu ndipo imangokhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali osaphuka. Shotot ndi anyezi ambiri okhala ndi nesting, mababu a 4-25 amatha kuwoneka kuchokera pambewu imodzi, iliyonse ya iyo imatha kukhala ndi kulemera kwa 20-50 magalamu. Mphukira zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala ndi mthunzi wa mandala zakhala zozungulira kale komanso zowongoka, mosiyana ndi mitundu iyi.

Mababu amtunduwu ndi ochepa (pafupifupi magalamu 60) komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Kununkhaku ndi kofewa, kadzutsa, komanso kowawa kwathu, ngakhale nthawi zina kumawoneka kokoma. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chakuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri, masamba awa ndi oyenera kuyanika, amatha kuwaza kapena kuwumba.

Shallot ali katundu wambiri ndi zabwino:

nthenga zimatha kugona pansi, zomwe zimakhudza kupsa kwa mbewuyo ndikosavuta njira yotutira;
chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mababu ochokera kumbewu imodzi, mbewuzo nthawi zonse zimakhala zabwino. Chisa chilichonse chilichonse chimatha kubweretsa kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 15, ndipo nthawi zambiri ngakhale mpaka zipatso 25 zimalemera magalamu 200-350;
chifukwa cha nyengo yochepa yophukira, mbewuyi imacha pamaso pa wina aliyense. Komanso, izi sizimalola kuwonongeka kwa nthenga chifukwa cha kuuma kwachiberekero ndi peronosporosis;
kubzala anyezi ndi kosavuta, popanda mavuto;
mbewuyo ili bwino ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, pafupifupi chaka, sikuwombera mivi ndipo siziwonongeka.

Zosiyanasiyana anyezi

Monga mitundu ina ya anyezi, ndevu sizichedwa kupsa, pakati komanso kucha koyambirira. Nthawi zambiri ake okhala chilimwe logawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:

zakale - nthawi yomwe kukula kwa mitunduyi imatha kukhala mochedwa kapena koyambirira. Anyezi a mtunduwu ali ndi anyezi akuluakulu okhala ndi utoto wofiirira ndi mankhusu a bulauni;
zitsamba ndi mitundu yozindikira bwino komanso yosiyanasiyana. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono komanso zowonda zomwe zimakhala ndi masikelo achikasu achikasu. Kuchita bwino kwa mbewu zamtunduwu ndizochepa kwambiri, koma kumadziwika ndi kusungidwa kwakutali.

Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe ichi chimagawidwa kukhala amtundu wokoma, wowonda komanso wamitundu-yakuthwa. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mbewuyi yomwe ikulima lero, koma pakati pawo yotchuka kwambiri imatha kusiyanitsidwa.

Mitundu yoyambirira kucha:

Vitamini - nthenga zobiriwira zimatha kukololedwa patangotha milungu itatu itayamba kuphukira. Kukula kumatenga miyezi itatu. M'chisa china muli mababu 15 osalemera pafupifupi 35 gr .;
Belozerets - nyengo yakukula imatenga miyezi 3-4. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe owundana olemera 35 g. Kukoma kwake ndi kwakuthwa, koma osati kuwawa. Imakula bwino ku Caucasus.

Mitundu ya nyengo yapakati:

andreyka - yoyenera kukafika kumadera oyandikira. Zakudimba ndizopanda, zolemera mpaka 25 gr., Mbewuyo imatha kupitirira 2 kg pa mita;
Albic ndi mababu amtundu umodzi wolemera mpaka 35 magalamu. iliyonse, kuchokera ku thengo ungatenge ma PC 9. Albik amawonetsa kukolola kwabwino - mpaka matani 30 pa hekitala iliyonse. Imasungidwa bwino, nyengo yakukula imatha miyezi iwiri. Zingabzalidwe nthawi yachisanu;
airat - yoyenera kukafika kumadera oyandikira. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi mutha kutenga ma balabu 7 ozungulira magalamu 17, ndipo kuchokera mita imodzi sonkhanitsani mpaka makilogalamu 1.7.

Mitundu yakucha:

Amber yaku Siberiya - nyengo yokukula imatenga miyezi iwiri. Mababu ozunguliridwa, osalala pang'ono osakwana 35 gr. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kubzala m'matawuni, mutha kukolola mpaka mahekita 22 pa hekitala iliyonse, zikuwonetsedwa kuti mubzala m'malo ambiri aulimi wa anyezi;
Utoto wofiirira - woyimiriridwa ndi mababu akulu kwambiri mpaka 70 gr. Amadziwika ndi zokolola zochulukirapo - matani 16 pa hekitala iliyonse, amakula bwino m'malo ambiri olimidwa anyezi.

Kodi kulima ndevu?

Chikhalidwe ichi sichimapanga mivi nthawi zambiri, chifukwa kulimidwa kwa mbewu ndikoyenera akatswiri. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti, ngati mungakonde, okhala chilimwe nawonso sangachite izi m'minda yawo. Ndikovuta kutola mbewu zokha, koma mutha kuzigula m'madipatimenti apadera. Ndipo ngati mungasankhe pezani mbewu za anyezi uyu inunso muyenera kuchita izi:

Muyenera kusankha mababu abwino kwambiri, nthawi yawo yosungirako iyenera kukhala osachepera miyezi itatu ndi kutentha kwa + 5 / 11C.
Anyezi obzalidwa poyera kumapeto kwa Epulo. Pambuyo pa izi, ma buluu amawombera mivi mwachangu ndi inflorescence, ndipo mbewu amatengedwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakadali pano sikuti kudzala msipu pafupi ndi anyezi a mitundu ina, kuti pasakhale mungu.

Kukonzekera kwa tsamba ndi nthaka

Shallot ali ndi mawonekedwe okula, amabzalidwa onse nthenga ndi mababu okha. Kuti mukhale ndi zotuta zabwino, muyenera kuchita bwino nyamula malo oti akafike ndipo ndibwino kukonzekera malowa:

Chisamaliro chachikulu chikuyenera kulipidwa pakukonza nthaka. Mtengowu uli ngati nthaka yopanda acid komanso nthaka yachonde. Dothi la Acidic silabwino kwenikweni kuti likule anyezi. Nthenga zimasanduka zachikasu, ndipo mababuwo amawuma. M'malo omwe pansi panthaka pali pafupi ndi nthaka, masamba azidutswa azikhala ndi zotulutsidwa kale.
Shallot amakonda malo otseguka komanso owala bwino, osakhazikika ndi masamba amitengo. Kusankha malo oti adzagwere, izi ziyenera kulingaliridwa.
Asanabzike, dziko lapansi liyenera kukumbidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa mosamala ndi mchere ndi michere.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa omwe adakhazikitsa omwe anali m'derali, omwe akukonzekera tsopano. Ndikwabwino kubzala mutatha kabichi, mbatata, nyemba, maungu, zukini, nkhaka ndi tomato. Osabzala zipatso ku malo pomwe panali chimanga, mpendadzuwa, kaloti, beets ndi adyo. Pafupi ndi anyezi, ndibwino kuti mutenge mitundu iliyonse ya masaladi, kaloti, sitiroberi, radara, nkhaka. Zikhalidwe zonsezi zimathandizana. Mwachitsanzo, kaloti amatha kuletsa anyezi kuwuluka ndi fungo, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti azithokoza kwambiri karoti momwemonso - zimalepheretsa karoti kuti asawuluke masamba.
Pamalo amodzi, kukula kwa zipatso zazimodzimodzi ndi zosafunikira kwa zaka zitatu.

Kubzala zipatso za nthenga zobiriwira

Mtengowu ndi wabwino kubzala pa nthenga zobiriwira chifukwa cha kusasitsa msanga. Nthenga sizimakonda kupanga mivi kwa nthawi yayitali khalani ofatsa komanso odekha. Kuti mukolole zochuluka za nthenga zobiriwira zochuluka, muyenera kuchita izi:

Mutha kubzala anyezi pa nthenga panthaka, kapena m'malo obiriwira, komanso pamakhonde m'miphika yamaluwa.
Ngati mukumera ndiwo zamasamba kunyumba, ndiye muyenera kubzyala kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Kukolola ndikotheka patatha masiku 30.
Mukadula, babu amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Iyenera kuchotsedwa pansi, kudula pakati ndikuikanso pansi. Patatha mwezi umodzi, mutha kupeza mbewu yachiwiri.
Anyezi amatsegulidwa koyambirira kwa Meyi. Zomera zoyambirira zimatha kukolola pambuyo pa masiku 30, pomwe kukula kwa nthenga ndi 8-10 cm. Komanso, izi ndizowona makamaka mu kasupe, pamene thupi limasowa mavitamini.

Kubzala kwa Shallot kasupe

Kubzala anyezi wamasamba amamuchitira onse amadyera komanso kwa mwana yemwe. Njira yonseyi ili ndi izi:

Zamasamba zimabzalidwa mchaka cha 3 cha Epulo, koma ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa nthaka kuti ibzalidwe mu kugwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chiwembuchi chimatsuka udzu, udzu, kenako umuna - kompositi kapena humus adzafunikira kuchuluka kwa 6 kg pa mraba mita, ndi superphosphate 60 g. pa sqm Mutha kuthira phulusa pang'onopang'ono. Kenako ndikofunikira kupanga mabedi okhala ndi mtunda wa 25cm pakati pa wina ndi mnzake, mu nthawi ya masika adzafunika kokha kuti amasulidwe bwino ndi kuphatikizanso feteleza ndi kukonzekera kwa nayitrogeni mu 30 g. pa sqm
Mbewu ziyenera kukonzedwa kale kuti zibzalidwe. Chifukwa chake amawaika mu chidebe kapena bandeji, yomwe imakulungidwa ndikutsitsidwa mumtsuko wamadzi. Chombocho chiyenera kutsekedwa kuti mbewu zisaphwe. Mwanjira iyi, akuyenera kukhala pa kutentha kwa 21-24C kwa masiku awiri. Mbewu ziyenera kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi maola 7 aliwonse, kenako ndikutsitsidwa m'madzi opanda madzi.
Asanabzalidwe, nthanga zimafunikira kuti ziume pang'ono m'mpweya wabwino, ndiye zimafesedwa m'mabedi ndikufundidwa ndi dothi. Kuchokera kumwamba ndibwino kuti mudzaze mabedi ndi humus kapena peat.
Mabedi okhala ndi njere ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala.
Patatha mwezi umodzi, nyengo yabwino komanso chisamaliro choyenera, mutha kupeza nthenga zoyambirira.
M'chaka choyamba, njere zimapanga babu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mababu 4 ang'onoang'ono, omwe amayamba kuwola mutayanika. Mababu awa amabzanso mu nyengo yotsatira kuti apeze mbewu zambiri zokulirapo, mababu atsopano adzakhala oyenera kubalanso osaposa zaka 4. Kenako, kubzala sitolo kumakonzedwanso kuti mukhale kalasi.

Kubzala mitsuko kwa dzinja

Ngakhale kutsutsa kwakadali kotereku kumazizira kwambiri, ndibwino kuti mudzalale nthawi yozizira kum'mwera. Pakati panjira zokolola sizidzaposa 55-65%. Masamba amabzalidwa kumapeto kuti apange nthenga zobiriwira kale ndi kuyamba kwa kuphukira ndikuyamba njirayi kuyambira Okutobala, kuti anyezi azilimbitsa mu nthaka, koma sanathe kupanga nkuphukira pamaso pa chisanu choyamba:

Malo osankhidwa kufesa amayeretsedwa ndi udzu wouma.
Onjezani kompositi kapena dothi lokumbika pansi ndikungopanga mabedi okhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 25 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
Mbewu sizofunikira kukonzekera, zimangofesedwa m'mabedi opangidwa ndikuyika ndi dothi.
M'nyengo yozizira, malo obzala amafundidwa ndi polyethylene kuti mbewu zisazizire.

Momwe mungasamalire anyezi

Izi masamba mutabzala amafuna chisamaliro inokha, yophatikiza magawo otsatirawa:

Poyamba, mbewu zimafuna kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi nthawi yonse yophukira. Mwezi umodzi usanatolole, hydrate ikhoza kumalizidwa, kotero nthenga zimakhala ndi nthawi kuti ziume ndi kufota.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndikulima kwakutali ndi kumeta nthaka. Udzu udzu umamera msanga, wobala anyezi mbewu.
Chikhalidwe chikayamba kutulutsa mphukira zoyambirira, zimatha kukumana feteleza ndi nayitrogeni, humus kapena urea. Kuyambanso kupanga zipatso kumafunika potaziyamu, phulusa ndi zinyalala.
Ngati mukufunika kuti mukule anyezi wokulirapo, ndiye muyenera kuti muchepetse. Kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala mababu ang'onoang'ono ndi nthenga, ndikusiya mababu pafupifupi 4 m'dzenjemo. Nthenga zodulidwa ndizoyenera kuphika.
Anyezi samadziwika bwino ndi matenda, koma izi zimachitika nyengo ikakhala yozizira komanso yonyowa kunja kwa nthawi yayitali. Muzochitika izi, anyezi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatsukidwa, ndipo tchire lonse limanyowa ndi mankhwala antifungal. Mukamayambitsa anyezi ndi mphutsi, zipatsozo zimathandizidwa ndi yankho lamadzi amchere. Mutha kuthana ndi ntchentche za anyezi pothira mbewu phulusa.
Kututa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Pofika nthawi ino, mababu adzakhala atadzaza kale.

Kukula kwa buluzi m'munda wamaluwa kumafikiridwa ndi aliyense, koma, tsoka, chikhalidwe ichi sichinaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wa oimira achikulire kwambiri pagululi. Koma kuthamanga kwakukulu, kukana kuwombera, komwe kumapangitsa kusungira zokolola, ndipo mikhalidwe yabwino yolawa imawonetsa kuti ziphuphu ndizopeza zolumikizira pakati pa alimi okangalika.